Fool Me Twice Intelligence Failure And Mass Casualty Terrorism

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Fool Me Twice Intelligence Failure And Mass Casualty Terrorism

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Author : Thomas Copeland
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2007-07-30

Fool Me Twice Intelligence Failure And Mass Casualty Terrorism written by Thomas Copeland and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-30 with Law categories.

This study evaluates whether surprise and intelligence failure leading to mass casualty terrorism are inevitable. It explores the extent to which four factors – failures of public policy leadership, analytical challenges, organizational obstacles, and the inherent problems of warning information – contribute to intelligence failure. The study applies existing theories of surprise and intelligence failure to case studies of five mass casualty terrorism incidents: World Trade Center 1993; Oklahoma City 1995; Khobar Towers 1996; East African Embassies 1998; and September 11, 2001. A structured, focused comparison of the cases is made using a set of thirteen probing questions based on the factors above. The study concludes that while all four factors were influential, failures of public policy leadership contributed directly to surprise. Psychological bias and poor threat assessments prohibited policy makers from anticipating or preventing attacks. Policy makers mistakenly continued to use a law enforcement approach to handling terrorism, and failed to provide adequate funding, guidance, and oversight of the intelligence community. The study has implications for intelligence reform, information sharing, congressional oversight, and society’s expectations about the degree to which the intelligence community can predict or prevent surprise attacks.

Fool Me Twice

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Author : Thomas E. Copeland
language : en
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Release Date : 2007

Fool Me Twice written by Thomas E. Copeland and has been published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Political Science categories.

V devetdesetih letih so ameriške politike in obveščevalne analitike pogosto presenetili teroristični napadi, ki so povzročili smrt na tisoče ljudi doma in v tujini. Avtor podrobno analizira tovrstne teroristične incidente v obdobju od 1993. do 2001. leta, osvetljuje politične okoliščine in delovanje ustreznih varnostnih ter obveščevalnih služb, da bi laže razumeli in ocenili, v kolikšni meri sta k temu pripomogla presenečenje in neučinkovita obveščevalna dejavnost, ter poiskali odgovore na vprašanja, ali je šlo za politično ali obveščevalno napako in posledično neuspešnost, kakšna je bila narava grožnje in presenečenja, ali je bilo mogoče vse to predvideti in preprečiti pogubne posledice.

One Nation Under Surveillance

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Author : Simon Chesterman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-02-24

One Nation Under Surveillance written by Simon Chesterman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-24 with Business & Economics categories.

What limits, if any, should be placed on a government's efforts to spy on its own citizens in the interests of national security? By reframing the relationship between privacy and security One Nation Under Surveillance offers a framework to defend freedom without sacrificing liberty.

Terrorism Betrayal And Resilience

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Author : Prudence Bushnell
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2018-10-01

Terrorism Betrayal And Resilience written by Prudence Bushnell and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-01 with Political Science categories.

On August 7, 1998, three years before President George W. Bush declared the War on Terror, the radical Islamist group al-Qaeda bombed the American embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, where Prudence Bushnell was serving as U.S. ambassador. Terrorism, Betrayal, and Resilience is her account of what happened, how it happened, and its impact twenty years later. When the bombs went off in Kenya and neighboring Tanzania that day, Congress was in recess and the White House, along with the entire country, was focused on the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Congress held no hearings about the bombings, the national security community held no after-action reviews, and the mandatory Accountability Review Board focused on narrow security issues. Then on September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda attacked the U.S. homeland and the East Africa bombings became little more than an historical footnote. Terrorism, Betrayal, and Resilience is Bushnell’s account of her quest to understand how these bombings could have happened given the scrutiny bin Laden and his cell in Nairobi had been getting since 1996 from special groups in the National Security Council, the FBI, the CIA, and the NSA. Bushnell tracks national security strategies and assumptions about terrorism and the Muslim world that failed to keep us safe in 1998 and continue unchallenged today. In this hard-hitting, no-holds-barred account she reveals what led to poor decisions in Washington and demonstrates how diplomacy and leadership going forward will be our country’s most potent defense. Purchase the audio edition.

Terrorism Betrayal Resilience

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Author : Prudence Bushnell
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2018

Terrorism Betrayal Resilience written by Prudence Bushnell and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Biography & Autobiography categories.

On August 7, 1998, three years before President George W. Bush declared the War on Terror, the radical Islamist group al-Qaeda bombed the American embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, where Prudence Bushnell was serving as U.S. ambassador. Terrorism, Betrayal, and Resilience is her account of what happened, how it happened, and its impact twenty years later. When the bombs went off in Kenya and neighboring Tanzania that day, Congress was in recess and the White House, along with the rest of the United States, was focused on the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal. Congress held no hearings about the bombings, the national security community held no after-action reviews, and the mandatory Accountability Review Board focused on narrow security issues. Then on September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda attacked the U.S. homeland, and the East Africa bombings became little more than an historical footnote. Terrorism, Betrayal, and Resilience is Bushnell's account of her quest to understand how these bombings could have happened, given the scrutiny bin Laden and his cell in Nairobi had been getting since 1996 from special groups in the National Security Council, the FBI, the CIA, and the NSA. Bushnell tracks national security strategies and assumptions about terrorism and the Muslim world that failed to keep us safe in 1998. In this hard-hitting, no-holds-barred account, she reveals what led to poor decisions in Washington and demonstrates how diplomacy and leadership will be our country's most potent defense going forward.

The Routledge Handbook Of Terrorism Research

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Author : Alex Peter Schmid
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2011

The Routledge Handbook Of Terrorism Research written by Alex Peter Schmid and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with History categories.

This volume is a monumental collection of definitions, conceptual frameworks, paradigmatic formulations, and bibliographic sources, which is now being revised and updated as a resource for the expanding community of researchers on the subject of terrorism.

Predictive Intelligence For Tomorrow S Threats

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Author : Erik J Dahl
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2025-05-09

Predictive Intelligence For Tomorrow S Threats written by Erik J Dahl and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-09 with Political Science categories.

The world is facing an ever-changing array of complex threats to international security. Yet intelligence agencies have a mixed record of anticipating these threats, while decision makers have an equally mixed record of effectively acting on predictive intelligence when offered. Sometimes intelligence has provided a useful warning, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but at other times it has failed to anticipate critical events, such as the progress of fighting in Ukraine or the likelihood that a mob would carry out a deadly assault on the US Capitol building. And at still other times intelligence agencies appear to have provided warning, and yet policy makers failed to listen, such as before the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. This book casts new light on past failures and suggests new frameworks for thinking about future threats and challenges. Written for academics and practitioners, it answers key questions about how intelligence can better inform policy makers and, in turn, help them anticipate and act upon future threats. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism.

The Financial War On Terrorism

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Author : Nicholas Ryder
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-06-05

The Financial War On Terrorism written by Nicholas Ryder and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-05 with Law categories.

On September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists committed the largest and deadliest terrorist attack in the United States of America. The response from the inter-national community, and in particular the US, was swift. President George Bush declared what has commonly been referred to as either the ‘War on Terror’ or the ‘Global War on Terror’ on September 20, 2001. Four days later, he instigated the ‘Financial War on Terrorism’. This book defines and identifies the so-called ‘Financial War on Terrorism’. It provides a critical review of the impact of counter-terrorist financing strategies enacted by both individual jurisdictions and international organisations. Taking a comparative approach, the book highlights the levels of compliance in each selected jurisdiction and organisation with the requirements of the ‘Financial War on Terrorism’. The book analyses measures introduced by the United Nations, including the UN sanctions against terrorists and the operation of its anti-terrorist sanctions committees, and the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force. It also reviews the counter-terrorist financing measures of the European Union and the Council of Europe, paying particular attention to the Framework Decisions on Combating Terrorism, the Council Common Positions on Combating Terrorism and the EU Anti-Terrorism Sanctions Regime. The book goes on to review the measures put in place in the US following September 11, 2001. Offering a much-needed legal analysis of the measures enacted under the ‘Financial War on Terrorism’, this book is a valuable resource for those researching in law, terrorism studies, criminal justice, and finance.

Transnational Terrorism And State Accountability

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Author : Vincent-Joël Proulx
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2012-11-05

Transnational Terrorism And State Accountability written by Vincent-Joël Proulx and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-05 with Law categories.

Every State has an obligation to prevent terrorist attacks emanating from its territory. This proposition stems from various multilateral agreements and UN Security Council resolutions. This study exhaustively addresses the scope of this obligation of prevention and the legal consequences flowing from its violation, so as to provide greater clarity on governments' counterterrorism duties and to enhance State accountability for preventable wrongs. It defines the contents and contours of the obligation while placing critical emphasis on the mechanics of State responsibility. Whether obscured by new technologies like the Internet, the sophisticated cellular structure of some terrorist organisations or convoluted political realities, the level of governmental involvement in terrorist activities is no longer readily discernible in every instance. Furthermore, the prospect of governments waging surrogate warfare through proxies also poses intractable challenges to the mechanism of attribution in the context of State responsibility. This monograph sets out the shortcomings of the extant scheme of State responsibility while identifying a paradigm shift towards more indirect modes of accountability under international law, a trend corroborated by recent State and institutional practice. Drawing on varied legal and theoretical influences, the study devises and prescriptively argues for the implementation of a strict liability-inspired model grounded in the logic of indirect responsibility with a view to enhancing State compliance with counterterrorism obligations. This shifts the policy focus squarely to prevention, while promoting multilateralism and transnational cooperation. Ultimately, the legal and policy sensibilities underlying the book converge into a new theory of prevention in counterterrorism contexts. From the Foreword by Judge Bruno Simma, International Court of Justice "Even if one might disagree with the bases on which the author constructs his argument, the execution of the argument is solid and thorough. The coverage of the major policy arguments and the available legal source materials is equally impressive. Moreover, the author's positions are genuinely progressive and present a fairly innovative solution, in the form of a strict liability mechanism...It behoves all scholars and practitioners of international law with an interest in combating international terrorism to consider the proposals outlined in this book." Transnational Terrorism and State Accountability by Vincent-Joël Proulx has been awarded the 2014 Myres McDougal Prize for best book in Law, Science, and Policy from the Society of Policy Scientists.

Rush To Judgment

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Author : Stephen F. Knott
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
Release Date : 2014-08-01

Rush To Judgment written by Stephen F. Knott and has been published by University Press of Kansas this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-01 with History categories.

George W. Bush has been branded the worst president in history and forced to endure accusations that he abused his power while presiding over a "lawless" administration. Stephen Knott, however, contends that Bush has been treated unfairly, especially by presidential historians and the media. He argues that from the beginning scholars abandoned any pretense at objectivity in their critiques and seemed unwilling to place Bush's actions into a broader historical context. In this provocative book, Knott offers a measured critique of the professoriate for its misuse of scholarship for partisan political purposes, a defense of the Hamiltonian perspective on the extent and use of executive power, and a rehabilitation of Bush's reputation from a national security viewpoint. He argues that Bush's conduct as chief executive was rooted in a tradition extending as far back as George Washington-not an "imperial presidency" but rather an activist one that energetically executed its constitutional prerogatives. Given that one of the main indictments of Bush focuses on his alleged abuse of presidential war power, Knott takes on academic critics like Sean Wilentz and Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and journalists like Charlie Savage to argue instead that Bush conducted the War on Terror in a manner faithful to the Framers' intent-that in situations involving national security he rightly assumed powers that neither Congress nor the courts can properly restrain. Knott further challenges Bush's detractors for having applied a relatively recent, revisionist understanding of the Constitution in arguing that Bush's actions were out of bounds. Ultimately, Knott makes a worthy case that, while Bush was not necessarily a great president, his national security policies were in keeping with the practices of America's most revered presidents and, for that reason alone, he deserves a second look by those who have condemned him to the ash heap of history. All readers interested in the presidency and in American history writ large will find Rush to Judgment a deftly argued, perhaps deeply unsettling, yet balanced account of the Bush presidency-and a clarion call for a reexamination of how scholars determine presidential greatness and failure.