Foreign Direct Investment In Bahrain
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Foreign Direct Investment In Bahrain
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Author : Lobna Ali Al-Khalifa
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 2010-05
Foreign Direct Investment In Bahrain written by Lobna Ali Al-Khalifa and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05 with Business & Economics categories.
A significant volume of literature has been developed that seeks to provide an explanation for the growth of FDI and its impact on less developed countries. The literature is characterized by diversity and controversy. Based on it, a range of reasons for encouraging investment have been proposed including its favorable effects on employment levels, the balance of payments and balance of trade of the host country and also the potential for acquisition of technology and skills (Cave: 1982 and Dunning: 1993). Equally, the potentially negative effects of growing levels of foreign investment on domestic market structures and national sovereignty have long been the focus of attention (Vernon: 1971 and Jenkins: 1987). More recent studies focused on the positive effect FDI can create through the integration of a host country into the global economy and the system of international division of labor based on fragmentation of production (Gereffi and Korzeniewicz: 1994, and Henderson, Decken, Hess, Coe and Yeung: 2002). Little if any research has examined the impact of FDI on the oil monarchies. Conventional expectations persisted that once they enter the post-oil phase of their histories, it will be difficult for them to uphold their political legitimacy and survive intense domestic and international pressures upon their regimes (Taeker: 1998 and O'Reilly: 1999). It has been argued that oil income enable them to pacify opponents by providing their subjects with jobs that pay well and has had detrimental effect on both economic development and political liberalization. These expectations have tended to be contradicted by actual development. The private sector has become remarkably strong in the oil monarchies and their governments were not highly resistant to change as depicted by the rentier state paradigm (Mahdavy: 1970, and Beblawi: 1987). Taking Bahrain as a case study, this thesis argues that despite its limitations as a small nation and the paucity of its oil reserves, Bahrain punched well above its weight due to its open economy and foreign direct investment. Its domestic economy is well integrated into the global market. It was able to exploit some of the opportunities that were presented by economic globalization when niches were opened or vacated within the networks of global production. It has developed energy-intensive industries (aluminium and petrochemicals) and became the major financial centre of the Middle East. Yet in spite of the government incentives, it still faces some challenges in attracting FDI in downstream activities related to oil and aluminium, which suggests that additional reforms are needed.
Bahrain
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Author : United States United States Department of State
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-03-21
Bahrain written by United States United States Department of State and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-21 with categories.
The investment climate in the Kingdom of Bahrain is generally good, and has remained relatively stable in the last year. Bahrain has a liberal approach to foreign investment and actively seeks to attract foreign investors and businesses. In an economy largely dominated by state owned enterprises (SOE's), the Government of Bahrain (GOB) aims to foster a greater role for the private sector in economic growth. The efforts focus on encouraging foreign direct investment in Bahrain, including in the information and communications technology (ICT), education and training services, tourism, financial services, business services, healthcare services, energy, and aluminum sectors. The U.S.-Bahrain Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) entered into force in May 2001 and the U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (FTA) entered into force in January 2006. The BIT provides benefits and protection to U.S. investors in Bahrain, for example, most-favored nation treatment, the right to make financial transfers freely and without delay, international law standards for expropriation and compensation cases, and access to international arbitration. The BIT guarantees national treatment for U.S. investments across all sectors, with very few exceptions. American firms interested in selling products exclusively in Bahrain are no longer required to appoint a commercial agent. Bahrain allows 100 percent foreign-ownership of new industrial entities and the establishment of representative offices or branches of foreign companies without local sponsors. Under the U.S.-Bahrain FTA, Bahrain is committed to enforcing world-class Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection. Despite the GOB's transparent, rules-based government procurement system, U.S. companies have reported operating at a perceived disadvantage compared with other firms in certain government procurements. Some businesses report contracts are not always awarded solely based on price and technical merit. Many ministries require firms to pre-qualify prior to bidding on a tender, often rendering firms with little prior experience in Bahrain ineligible to bid on major tenders. U.S. firms sometimes report perceived high-level corruption is an obstacle to foreign direct investment. Petty corruption, however, is relatively rare in Bahrain. The bureaucracy is sometimes inefficient, but generally honest. Giving or accepting a bribe is illegal, although relevant laws are enforced with some degree of inconsistency. In February 2011, a period of political and civil unrest began in Bahrain. While the situation today is quite different and far more stable than in 2011, demonstrations continue to occur, occasionally developing into violent clashes by demonstrators against police. These violent clashes, when they occur, sometimes make travel in and around parts of Bahrain potentially dangerous. There are no indications that Westerners or U.S. citizens are being targeted directly, but there have been isolated incidents in which protesters voiced anti-U.S. sentiments and burned U.S. flags. The unrest has had a limited impact on American businesses in Bahrain. The Kingdom of Bahrain held Parliamentary elections in November 2014, during which the business community played an active role. These were the first elections held since constitutional reforms enacted in 2012 gave the legislative branch powers to discuss and approve a Government Action Plan (GAP). In February 2015, the newly-elected parliament approved the 2015-2018 GAP, which included plans to build 25,000 housing units, additional infrastructure development, and minor health care reforms.
Bahrain
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Author : United States United States Department of State
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-06-17
Bahrain written by United States United States Department of State and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-17 with categories.
The investment climate in the Kingdom of Bahrain is generally good, and has remained relatively stable in the last year. Bahrain has a liberal approach to foreign investment and actively seeks to attract foreign investors and businesses. In an economy largely dominated by state owned enterprises (SOE's), the Government of Bahrain (GOB) aims to foster a greater role for the private sector in economic growth. The efforts focus on encouraging foreign direct investment in Bahrain, including in the information and communications technology (ICT), education and training services, tourism, financial services, business services, healthcare services, energy, and aluminum sectors. The U.S.-Bahrain Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) entered into force in May 2001 and the U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (FTA) entered into force in January 2006. The BIT provides benefits and protection to U.S. investors in Bahrain, for example, most-favored nation treatment, the right to make financial transfers freely and without delay, international law standards for expropriation and compensation cases, and access to international arbitration. The BIT guarantees national treatment for U.S. investments across all sectors, with very few exceptions. American firms interested in selling products exclusively in Bahrain are no longer required to appoint a commercial agent. Bahrain allows 100 percent foreign-ownership of new industrial entities and the establishment of representative offices or branches of foreign companies without local sponsors. Under the U.S.-Bahrain FTA, Bahrain is committed to enforcing world-class Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection. Despite the GOB's transparent, rules-based government procurement system, U.S. companies have reported operating at a perceived disadvantage compared with other firms in certain government procurements. Some businesses report contracts are not always awarded solely based on price and technical merit. Many ministries require firms to pre-qualify prior to bidding on a tender, often rendering firms with little prior experience in Bahrain ineligible to bid on major tenders. U.S. firms sometimes report perceived high-level corruption is an obstacle to foreign direct investment. Petty corruption, however, is relatively rare in Bahrain. The bureaucracy is sometimes inefficient, but generally honest. Giving or accepting a bribe is illegal, although relevant laws are enforced with some degree of inconsistency. In February 2011, a period of political and civil unrest began in Bahrain. While the situation today is quite different and far more stable than in 2011, demonstrations continue to occur, occasionally developing into violent clashes by demonstrators against police. These violent clashes, when they occur, sometimes make travel in and around parts of Bahrain potentially dangerous. There are no indications that Westerners or U.S. citizens are being targeted directly, but there have been isolated incidents in which protesters voiced anti-U.S. sentiments and burned U.S. flags. The unrest has had a limited impact on American businesses in Bahrain. The Kingdom of Bahrain held Parliamentary elections in November 2014, during which the business community played an active role. These were the first elections held since constitutional reforms enacted in 2012 gave the legislative branch powers to discuss and approve a Government Action Plan (GAP). In February 2015, the newly-elected parliament approved the 2015-2018 GAP, which included plans to build 25,000 housing units, additional infrastructure development, and minor health care reforms.
Doing Business With Bahrain
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Author : Marat Terterov
language : en
Publisher: GMB Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2005
Doing Business With Bahrain written by Marat Terterov and has been published by GMB Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
Now in its second edition, Doing Business with Bahrain is the definitive guide to the economic reforms and initiatives now attracting foreign investors to the Kingdom. The guide emphasizes Bahrain's key role as a regional financial hub and provides overviews of prospective sectors for investment, including natural resources, manufacturing, telecommunications and property markets. In addition, the guide is well-grounded in its explanation of the legal and regulatory framework, as well as finance, accounting and taxation practices and procedures.CONTRIBUTORS INCLUDE: Abu Ghazaleh Intellectual Property; Ministry of Labour & Social Affairs; Al Mahmood & Zu'bi; ALBA; Arab Bank; Bahrain Monetary Agency; Bahrain Stock Exchange; BAMCO; BANAGAS; Bank of Bahrain & Kuwait; BAPCO; BAPCO; Cluttons; Economic Development Board; GARMCO; GPIC; Gulf International Bank; InCite; KPMG; Mellon Global Investments; MICE Management; Ministry of Commerce & Industry; Telecommunications Authority; Tourism Department, Ministry of Information; Trowers & Hamlins.
Bahrain Investment And Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic And Practical Information
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Author : IBP USA
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2007-02-07
Bahrain Investment And Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic And Practical Information written by IBP USA and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Bahrain Investment and Business Guide - Strategic and Practical Information
Doing Business With Bahrain
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Author : Marat Terterov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Doing Business With Bahrain written by Marat Terterov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Now in its second edition, Doing Business with Bahrain is the definitive guide to the economic reforms and initiatives now attracting foreign investors to the Kingdom. The guide emphasizes Bahrain's key role as a regional financial hub and provides overviews of prospective sectors for investment, including natural resources, manufacturing, telecommunications and property markets. In addition, the guide is well-grounded in its explanation of the legal and regulatory framework, as well as finance, accounting and taxation practices and procedures.
Investment Climate In Foreign Countries
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Investment Climate In Foreign Countries written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
Bahrain S Business Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: GMB Publishing, Limited
Release Date : 2008
Bahrain S Business Environment written by and has been published by GMB Publishing, Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Bahrain categories.
A guide to the economic initiatives attracting foreign investors to Bahrain. It emphasizes the Kingdom's role as a regional financial hub. It provides overviews of key sectors including natural resources, manufacturing, telecommunications and property, and an explanation of the legal and regulatory framework, banking, finance, and accounting.
World Investment Directory 1996
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Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Publications
Release Date : 1997
World Investment Directory 1996 written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and has been published by United Nations Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
This Directory provides data on foreign direct investment & related variables. It gives basic data on firms, the legal framework within which investments take place & bibliographic information pertaining to the role of transnational corporations in individual countries.
Gulf Cooperation Council
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-12-06
Gulf Cooperation Council written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
"Diversification of the GCC economies, supported by greater openness to trade and higher foreign investment, can have a large impact on growth. Such measures can support higher, sustained, and more inclusive growth by improving the allocation of resources across sectors and producers, creating jobs, triggering technology spillovers, promoting knowledge, creating a more competitive business environment, and enhancing productivity. The GCC countries are open to trade, but much less so to foreign direct investment (FDI). GCC foreign trade has been expanding robustly, but FDI inflows have stalled in recent years despite policy efforts taken to reduce administrative barriers and provide incentives to attract FDI. Tariffs are relatively low; however, a number of non-tariff barriers to trade persist and there are substantial restrictions on foreign ownership of businesses and real estate. The growth impact of closing export and FDI gaps could be significant. In most countries, the biggest boost to growth would come from closing the FDI gap—up to one percentage point increase in real non-oil per capita GDP growth. Closing export gaps could provide an additional growth dividend in the range of 0.2-0.5 percentage point. Boosting non-oil exports and attracting more FDI requires a supportive policy environment. Policy priorities are to upgrade human capital, increase productivity and competitiveness, improve the business climate, and reduce remaining barriers to foreign trade and investment. Specifically, continued reforms in the following areas will be important: • Human capital development: continue with investments made to raise educational quality to provide knowledge and skills upgrade. • Labor market reforms: aim to improve productivity and boost competitiveness of the non-oil economy. • Legal frameworks: ensure predictability and protection; efforts should include enhancing minority investor protection and dispute resolution; implementing anti-bribery and integrity measures. • Business climate reforms: focus on further liberalizing foreign ownership regulations and strengthening corporate governance; and on further reducing non-tariff trade barriers by streamlining and automating border procedures and streamlining administrative processes for issuing permits."