Forensic Genetic Approaches For Identification Of Human Skeletal Remains
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Forensic Genetic Approaches For Identification Of Human Skeletal Remains
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Author : Angie Ambers
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-11-15
Forensic Genetic Approaches For Identification Of Human Skeletal Remains written by Angie Ambers and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-15 with Law categories.
Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains: Challenges, Best Practices, and Emerging Technologies provides best practices on processing bone samples for DNA testing. The book outlines forensic genetics tools that are available for the identification of skeletal remains in contemporary casework and historical/archaeological investigations. Although the book focuses primarily on the use of DNA for direct identification or kinship analyses, it also highlights complementary disciplines often used in concert with genetic data to make positive identifications, such as forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic art/sculpting. Unidentified human remains are often associated with tragic events, such as fires, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, war conflicts, genocide, airline crashes, homicide, and human rights violations under oppressive totalitarian regimes. In these situations, extensive damage to soft tissues often precludes the use of such biological samples in the identification process. In contrast, bone material is the most resilient, viable sample type for DNA testing. DNA recovered from bone often is degraded and in low quantities due to the effects of human decomposition, environmental exposure, and the passage of time. The complexities of bone microstructure and its rigid nature make skeletal remains one of the most challenging sample types for DNA testing. Provides best practices on processing bone samples for DNA testing Presents detailed coverage of proper facilities design for skeletal remains processing, selection of optimal skeletal elements for DNA recovery, specialized equipment needed, preparation and cleaning of bone samples for DNA extraction, and more Highlights complementary disciplines often used in concert with genetic data to make positive identifications, such as forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic art/sculpting
Recovery Analysis And Identification Of Commingled Human Remains
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Author : Bradley J. Adams
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-23
Recovery Analysis And Identification Of Commingled Human Remains written by Bradley J. Adams and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-23 with Medical categories.
Mass fatality events can result in the intermixing, or commingling, of human remains. Commingling of human remains presents an added challenge to all phases of the forensic process. As the number of individuals increases, so does the complexity of the forensic investigation and the skills needed for case resolution. In Recovery, Analysis, and Identification of Commingled Human Remains, top professionals illustrate successful techniques for sorting and determining the number of individuals, the role of DNA, ethical considerations and data management. Instrumental to the forensic community, Recovery, Analysis, and Identification of Commingled Human Remains provides case examples and an in depth review of experiences, methods, and research related to commingling.
Forensic Anthropology And Medicine
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Author : Aurore Schmitt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-11-09
Forensic Anthropology And Medicine written by Aurore Schmitt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-09 with Medical categories.
Recent political, religious, ethnic, and racial conflicts, as well as mass disasters, have significantly helped to bring to light the almost unknown dis- pline of forensic anthropology. This science has become particularly useful to forensic pathologists because it aids in solving various puzzles, such as id- tifying victims and documenting crimes. On topics such as mass disasters and crimes against humanity, teamwork between forensic pathologists and for- sic anthropologists has significantly increased over the few last years. This relationship has also improved the study of routine cases in local medicolegal institutes. When human remains are badly decomposed, partially skelet- ized, and/or burned, it is particularly useful for the forensic pathologist to be assisted by a forensic anthropologist. It is not a one-way situation: when the forensic anthropologist deals with skeletonized bodies that have some kind of soft tissue, the advice of a forensic pathologist would be welcome. Forensic anthropology is a subspecialty/field of physical anthropology. Most of the background on skeletal biology was gathered on the basis of sk- etal remains from past populations. Physical anthropologists then developed an indisputable “know-how”; nevertheless, one must keep in mind that looking for a missing person or checking an assumed identity is quite a different matter. Pieces of information needed by forensic anthropologists require a higher level of reliability and accuracy than those granted in a general archaeological c- text. To achieve a positive identification, findings have to match with e- dence, particularly when genetic identification is not possible.
New Research In Crime Modeling And Mapping Using Geospatial Technologies
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Author : Michael Leitner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-03-10
New Research In Crime Modeling And Mapping Using Geospatial Technologies written by Michael Leitner and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-10 with Science categories.
This edited volume offers innovative research and applications in the analysis, modelling, and mapping of crime using geospatial and GeoAI technologies. This is a follow-up publication of an edited volume by the same editor with a similar title, Crime Modeling and Mapping Using Geospatial Technologies, published by Springer in its popular Geotechnologies and the Environment series in 2013. The book comprises sixteen chapters authored by some of the most esteemed researchers in the field. These chapters are organized into four sections: big data and microspaces (Part I), mobility (Part II), drugs (Part III), and additional geospatial applications (Part IV). Part I includes five chapters focusing on interactive crime mapping by using large data sets obtained from social media and analyzing these data using AI applications; a fundamental spatial problem that considers spatial properties of a crime dataset to determine an adequate areal unit size; different aspects of the influence or prediction of crime in microspaces; and the use of sampled surface pollen to model the search space for documented forensic cases. Part II has four chapters that introduce two route generation heuristics that automate the creation of hot spots policing patrol routes; discuss how to optimize police response with two different maximal covering location problems; and examine how human mobility patterns impact crime trends and modelling. Part III consists of three chapters addressing opioid overdose patterns using a spatial mixed methods approach; spatial-temporal changes in hot spots of drug-related offences; and how geospatial technology can be used to empower stakeholders to make informed policy decisions about alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions. Part IV comprises four diverse chapters that do not fit under a single theme. The topics discussed include: the impact of video surveillance on the spatial distribution of crime; the identification of the location of missing persons outreach events with spatial clustering analysis methods; an examination of the distribution patterns of all types of juvenile delinquency to investigate underlying factors; and a review and comparison of GeoAI methods for detecting and mapping illegal logging. This book would be useful to faculty, students and research scholars from geography, sociology, criminal justice, criminology, forensic sciences, and other related disciplines as well as to crime analysts working for law enforcement agencies at the local, state, or federal levels from around the world.
Forensic Anthropology
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Author : Sue Black
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-02-07
Forensic Anthropology written by Sue Black and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-07 with Law categories.
Advances in our ability to analyse information from skeletal remains and subsequent developments in the field of forensic anthropology make it possible to identify more victims of homicides, mass-fatality disasters, and genocide. Summarizing the vast collection of international literature that has developed over the past decade, this volume explores critical themes fundamental to this evolving discipline. Topics discussed include age determination in juveniles and adults; sex, race, and ancestry determination; stature determination; dental and facial identification; skeletal trauma and bone pathology; taphonomy and comparative osteology; and identification from soft tissues.
Misleading Dna Evidence
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Author : Peter Gill
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-06-18
Misleading Dna Evidence written by Peter Gill and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-18 with Social Science categories.
Misleading DNA Evidence: A Guide for Scientists, Judges, and Lawyers presents the reasons miscarriages of justice can occur when dealing with DNA, what the role of the forensic scientist is throughout the process, and how judges and lawyers can educate themselves about all of the possibilities to consider when dealing with cases that involve DNA evidence. DNA has become the gold standard by which a person can be placed at the scene of a crime, and the past decade has seen great advances in this powerful crime solving tool. But the statistics that analysts can attach to DNA evidence often vary, and in some cases the statistical weight assigned to that match, can vary enormously. The numbers provided to juries often overstate the evidence, and can result in a wrongful conviction. In addition to statistics, the way the evidence is collected, stored and analyzed can also result in a wrongful conviction due to contamination. This book reviews high-profile and somewhat contentious cases to illustrate these points, including the death of Meredith Kercher. It examines crucial topics such as characterization of errors and determination of error rates, reporting DNA profiles and the source and sub-source levels, and the essentials of statement writing. It is a concise, readable resource that will help not only scientists, but legal professionals with limited scientific backgrounds, to understand the intricacies of DNA use in the justice system. - Ideal reference for scientists and for those without extensive scientific backgrounds - Written by one of the pioneers in forensic DNA typing and interpretation of DNA profiling results - Ideal format for travel, court environments, or wherever easy access to reference material is vital
Statistics And Probability In Forensic Anthropology
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Author : Zuzana Obertová
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-07-28
Statistics And Probability In Forensic Anthropology written by Zuzana Obertová and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-28 with Law categories.
Statistics and Probability in Forensic Anthropology provides a practical guide for forensic scientists, primarily anthropologists and pathologists, on how to design studies, how to choose and apply statistical approaches, and how to interpret statistical outcomes in the forensic practice. As with other forensic, medical and biological disciplines, statistics have become increasingly important in forensic anthropology and legal medicine, but there is not a single book, which specifically addresses the needs of forensic anthropologists in relation to the research undertaken in the field and the interpretation of research outcomes and case findings within the setting of legal proceedings. The book includes the application of both frequentist and Bayesian statistics in relation to topics relevant for the research and the interpretation of findings in forensic anthropology, as well as general chapters on study design and statistical approaches addressing measurement errors and reliability. Scientific terminology understandable to students and advanced practitioners of forensic anthropology, pathology and related disciplines is used throughout. Additionally, Statistics and Probability in Forensic Anthropology facilitates sufficient understanding of the statistical procedures and data interpretation based on statistical outcomes and models, which helps the reader confidently present their work within the forensic context, either in the form of case reports for legal purposes or as research publications for the scientific community. - Contains the application of both frequentist and Bayesian statistics in relation to topics relevant for forensic anthropology research and the interpretation of findings - Provides examples of study designs and their statistical solutions, partly following the layout of scientific manuscripts on common topics in the field - Includes scientific terminology understandable to students and advanced practitioners of forensic anthropology, legal medicine and related disciplines
The Rise Of Quantum Computing In Industry 6 0 Towards Sustainability
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Author : C Kishor Kumar Reddy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-12-13
The Rise Of Quantum Computing In Industry 6 0 Towards Sustainability written by C Kishor Kumar Reddy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-13 with Computers categories.
This book offers a thorough examination of the revolutionary capabilities of quantum computing in the context of Industry 6.0, with a specific emphasis on its use in disaster management. The aim of this proposed book is to clarify how quantum computing, in conjunction with other Industry 6.0 technologies, might profoundly transform our comprehension, preparedness, and response to natural disasters. In the era of Industry 6.0, there is a pressing need for creative solutions to tackle the increasing difficulties caused by natural disasters. This proposed book explores the distinctive characteristics and capacities of quantum computing that make it especially suitable for improving disaster management procedures. The proposed book examines the potential of quantum algorithms to enhance resource allocation, enhance forecasting precision, and facilitate real-time decision-making in the context of rapidly changing crisis scenarios. This proposed book proposes a comprehensive strategy for catastrophe management that is adaptable, robust, and efficient by utilizing quantum computing in conjunction with other advanced technologies. This proposed book offers a comprehensive analysis of the specific ways in which quantum computing can be utilized in different areas of disaster management. It covers topics such as risk assessment, early warning systems, and infrastructure resilience. By examining real-world case studies and examples, readers can acquire valuable insights into the practical implementation and effectiveness of quantum-powered crisis management solutions, showcasing their potential impact. This proposed book acknowledges the ethical consequences of implementing sophisticated technologies in disaster management. It focuses on important ethical and societal factors, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and fair access to technology. The aim is to ensure that quantum-powered solutions prioritize ethical principles and cater to the requirements of all communities. This proposed book provides readers with a clear understanding of the potential areas for future study, innovation, and collaboration in the field of quantum-powered crisis management systems.
Molecular Genetic Approaches In Conservation
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Author : Thomas B. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1996-10-24
Molecular Genetic Approaches In Conservation written by Thomas B. Smith and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10-24 with Science categories.
Molecular techniques are proving invaluable in determining the phylogenetic status of potentially endangered species, for investigating mechanisms of speciation, and for measuring the genetic structure of populations. It is increasingly important for ecologists and evolutionary and conservation biologists to understand and use such molecular techniques, but most workers in these areas have not been trained in molecular biology. This book lays out the principles and basic techniques for the molecular tools appropriate for addressing issues in conservation, and it presents case studies showing how these tools have been used successfully in conservation biology. Examples include the genetic analysis of population structure, various uses of DNA in conservation genetics, and estimation of migration parameters from genetic data. Wildlife managers, as well as researchers in these areas, will find this a valuable book.
Advances In Forensic Taphonomy
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Author : William D. Haglund
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-07-30
Advances In Forensic Taphonomy written by William D. Haglund and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-30 with Law categories.
Liberally illustrated with photographs, maps, and other images, Advances in Forensic Taphonomy: Method, Theory, and Archaeological Perspectives offers modern techniques for obtaining clues from postmortem evidence. This bestselling reference examines techniques in recovery and analysis, coverage of mass grave investigation, applications of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA techniques, interpretation of burned human remains, the discrimination of trauma from postmortem change, and taphonomic interpretation of water deaths both at the scene and in the lab. It also discusses microenvironmental variation and decomposition in different environments, as well as geochemical and entomological analysis.