Fossil Horses Of South America
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Fossil Horses Of South America
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Author : José Luis Prado
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-25
Fossil Horses Of South America written by José Luis Prado and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-25 with Science categories.
This book provides an update on the phylogeny, systematics and ecology of horses in South America based on data provided over the past three decades. The contemporary South American mammalian communities were shaped by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene. Horses were a conspicuous group of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the Pleistocene. This group is represented by 2 genera, Hippidion and Equus, which include small species (Hippidion devillei, H. saldiasi, E. andium and E. insulatus) and large forms (Equus neogeus and H. principale). Both groups arrived in South America via 2 different routes. One model designed to explain this migration indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor, while larger horses used the eastern route and arrived through some coastal areas. Molecular dating (ancient DNA) suggests that the South American horses separated from the North American taxa (caballines and the New World stilt-legged horse) after 3.6 - 3.2 Ma, consistent with the final formation of the Panamanian Isthmus. Recent studies of stable isotopes in these horses indicate an extensive range of 13C values cover closed woodlands to C4 grasslands. This plasticity agrees with the hypothesis that generalist species and open biome specialist species from North America indicate a positive migration through South America.
Fossil Horses
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Author : Bruce J. MacFadden
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1994-06-24
Fossil Horses written by Bruce J. MacFadden and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-06-24 with Nature categories.
The horse has frequently been used as a classic example of long-term evolution because it possesses an extensive fossil record. This book synthesizes the large body of data and research relevant to an understanding of fossil horses from perspectives such as biology, geology, paleontology.
Examining Evolutionary Trends In Equus And Its Close Relatives From Five Continents
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Author : Raymond Louis Bernor
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-03-12
Examining Evolutionary Trends In Equus And Its Close Relatives From Five Continents written by Raymond Louis Bernor and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-12 with categories.
Evolution of the horse has been an often-cited primary example of evolution, as well as one of the classic and important stories in paleontology for over a century and a half, due to their rich fossil record across 5 continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The recent horse has served a profound role in human ancestry, including agriculture, commerce, sport, transport, warfare, and in prehistory, for the subsistence of humans. Many studies have examined the evolution of the Equidae and chronicled the striking changes in skulls, dentition, limbs, and body size which have long been perceived to be a response to environmental shifts through time. Most comprehensive studies heretofore have: (1) focused on the “Great Transformation”- changes that occurred in the early Miocene, (2) involved tracking long-term diversity or paleoecological trends on a single continent or within a geographical locality, or (3) concentrated on the 3-toed hipparions. The Plio–Pleistocene evolutionary stage of horse evolution is punctuated by the great climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary beginning 2.6 Ma which influenced Equus evolution, biogeographic dispersion and adaptation on a nearly global scale. The evolutionary biology of Equus evolution across its entire range remains relatively poorly understood and often highly controversial. Some of this lack of understanding is due to assumptions that have arisen because of the relatively derived craniodental and postcranial anatomy of Equus and its close relatives which has seemed to imply that that these forms occupied relatively homogenous and narrow dietary and locomotor niches - notions that have not been adequately addressed and rigorously tested. Other challenges have revolved around teasing apart environmentally-driven adaptation versus phylogenetically defined morphological change. Geochronologic age control of localities, geographic provinces and continents has improved, but in no way is absolute and can be reexamined in our proposed volume. Temporal resolution for paleodietary, paleohabitat and paleoecological interpretations are also challenging for understanding the evolution of Equus. Our proposed volume attempts to assemble a group of experts who will address multiple dimensions of Equus’ evolution in time and space.
The Evolution Of The Horse
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Author : William Diller Matthew
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1903
The Evolution Of The Horse written by William Diller Matthew and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1903 with Horses categories.
Darwin S Fossils
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Author : Adrian Lister
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian Institution
Release Date : 2018-04-24
Darwin S Fossils written by Adrian Lister and has been published by Smithsonian Institution this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-24 with Nature categories.
Reveals how Darwin's study of fossils shaped his scientific thinking and led to his development of the theory of evolution. Darwin's Fossils is an accessible account of Darwin's pioneering work on fossils, his adventures in South America, and his relationship with the scientific establishment. While Darwin's research on Galápagos finches is celebrated, his work on fossils is less well known. Yet he was the first to collect the remains of giant extinct South American mammals; he worked out how coral reefs and atolls formed; he excavated and explained marine fossils high in the Andes; and he discovered a fossil forest that now bears his name. All of this research was fundamental in leading Darwin to develop his revolutionary theory of evolution. This richly illustrated book brings Darwin's fossils, many of which survive in museums and institutions around the world, together for the first time. Including new photography of many of the fossils--which in recent years have enjoyed a surge of scientific interest--as well as superb line drawings produced in the nineteenth century and newly commissioned artists' reconstructions of the extinct animals as they are understood today, Darwin's Fossils reveals how Darwin's discoveries played a crucial role in the development of his groundbreaking ideas.
Evolution Of The Horse
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Author : American Museum of Natural History
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1924
Evolution Of The Horse written by American Museum of Natural History and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1924 with Horses categories.
Giants Of The Lost World
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Author : Donald R. Prothero
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian Institution
Release Date : 2016-10-04
Giants Of The Lost World written by Donald R. Prothero and has been published by Smithsonian Institution this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-04 with Nature categories.
More than a hundred years ago, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote a novel called The Lost World with the exciting premise that dinosaurs and other prehistoric beasts still ruled in South America. Little did Conan Doyle know, there were terrifying monsters in South America--they just happened to be extinct. In fact, South America has an incredible history as a land where many strange creatures evolved and died out. In his book Giants of the Lost World: Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Monsters of South America, Donald R. Prothero uncovers the real science and history behind this fascinating story. The largest animal ever discovered was the huge sauropod dinosaur Argentinosaurus, which was about 130 feet long and weighed up to 100 tons. The carnivorous predator Giganotosaurus weighed in at more than 8 tons and measured more than 47 feet long, dwarfing the T. rex in comparison. Gigantic anacondas broke reptile records; possums evolved into huge saber-toothed predators; and ground sloths grew larger than elephants in this strange, unknown land. Prothero presents the scientific details about each of these prehistoric beasts, provides a picture of the ancient landscapes they once roamed, and includes the stories of the individuals who first discovered their fossils for a captivating account of a lost world that is stranger than fiction.
Evolution Of The Horse
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Author : American Museum of Natural History
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1913
Evolution Of The Horse written by American Museum of Natural History and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1913 with Horses categories.
Horses Teeth
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Author : William H. Clarke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1886
Horses Teeth written by William H. Clarke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1886 with categories.
Notes On Some Fossil Horses With Descriptions Of Four New Species
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Author : Oliver Perry Hay
language : en
Publisher: Palala Press
Release Date : 2015-12-13
Notes On Some Fossil Horses With Descriptions Of Four New Species written by Oliver Perry Hay and has been published by Palala Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-13 with categories.
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