Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing


Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing
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Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing


Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Gerhard Paaß
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-23

Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing written by Gerhard Paaß and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-23 with Computers categories.


This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent years, a revolutionary new paradigm has been developed for training models for NLP. These models are first pre-trained on large collections of text documents to acquire general syntactic knowledge and semantic information. Then, they are fine-tuned for specific tasks, which they can often solve with superhuman accuracy. When the models are large enough, they can be instructed by prompts to solve new tasks without any fine-tuning. Moreover, they can be applied to a wide range of different media and problem domains, ranging from image and video processing to robot control learning. Because they provide a blueprint for solving many tasks in artificial intelligence, they have been called Foundation Models. After a brief introduction to basic NLP models the main pre-trained language models BERT, GPT and sequence-to-sequence transformer are described, as well as the concepts of self-attention and context-sensitive embedding. Then, different approaches to improving these models are discussed, such as expanding the pre-training criteria, increasing the length of input texts, or including extra knowledge. An overview of the best-performing models for about twenty application areas is then presented, e.g., question answering, translation, story generation, dialog systems, generating images from text, etc. For each application area, the strengths and weaknesses of current models are discussed, and an outlook on further developments is given. In addition, links are provided to freely available program code. A concluding chapter summarizes the economic opportunities, mitigation of risks, and potential developments of AI.



Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing


Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing
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Author : Christopher Manning
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1999-05-28

Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing written by Christopher Manning and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.


Statistical approaches to processing natural language text have become dominant in recent years. This foundational text is the first comprehensive introduction to statistical natural language processing (NLP) to appear. The book contains all the theory and algorithms needed for building NLP tools. It provides broad but rigorous coverage of mathematical and linguistic foundations, as well as detailed discussion of statistical methods, allowing students and researchers to construct their own implementations. The book covers collocation finding, word sense disambiguation, probabilistic parsing, information retrieval, and other applications.



Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing


Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing
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Author : Christopher Manning
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1999-05-28

Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing written by Christopher Manning and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.


Statistical approaches to processing natural language text have become dominant in recent years. This foundational text is the first comprehensive introduction to statistical natural language processing (NLP) to appear. The book contains all the theory and algorithms needed for building NLP tools. It provides broad but rigorous coverage of mathematical and linguistic foundations, as well as detailed discussion of statistical methods, allowing students and researchers to construct their own implementations. The book covers collocation finding, word sense disambiguation, probabilistic parsing, information retrieval, and other applications.



Transformers For Natural Language Processing And Computer Vision


Transformers For Natural Language Processing And Computer Vision
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Author : Denis Rothman
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2024-02-29

Transformers For Natural Language Processing And Computer Vision written by Denis Rothman and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-29 with Computers categories.


The definitive guide to LLMs, from architectures, pretraining, and fine-tuning to Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), multimodal Generative AI, risks, and implementations with ChatGPT Plus with GPT-4, Hugging Face, and Vertex AI Key Features Compare and contrast 20+ models (including GPT-4, BERT, and Llama 2) and multiple platforms and libraries to find the right solution for your project Apply RAG with LLMs using customized texts and embeddings Mitigate LLM risks, such as hallucinations, using moderation models and knowledge bases Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free eBook in PDF format Book DescriptionTransformers for Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision, Third Edition, explores Large Language Model (LLM) architectures, applications, and various platforms (Hugging Face, OpenAI, and Google Vertex AI) used for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV). The book guides you through different transformer architectures to the latest Foundation Models and Generative AI. You’ll pretrain and fine-tune LLMs and work through different use cases, from summarization to implementing question-answering systems with embedding-based search techniques. You will also learn the risks of LLMs, from hallucinations and memorization to privacy, and how to mitigate such risks using moderation models with rule and knowledge bases. You’ll implement Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with LLMs to improve the accuracy of your models and gain greater control over LLM outputs. Dive into generative vision transformers and multimodal model architectures and build applications, such as image and video-to-text classifiers. Go further by combining different models and platforms and learning about AI agent replication. This book provides you with an understanding of transformer architectures, pretraining, fine-tuning, LLM use cases, and best practices.What you will learn Breakdown and understand the architectures of the Original Transformer, BERT, GPT models, T5, PaLM, ViT, CLIP, and DALL-E Fine-tune BERT, GPT, and PaLM 2 models Learn about different tokenizers and the best practices for preprocessing language data Pretrain a RoBERTa model from scratch Implement retrieval augmented generation and rules bases to mitigate hallucinations Visualize transformer model activity for deeper insights using BertViz, LIME, and SHAP Go in-depth into vision transformers with CLIP, DALL-E 2, DALL-E 3, and GPT-4V Who this book is for This book is ideal for NLP and CV engineers, software developers, data scientists, machine learning engineers, and technical leaders looking to advance their LLMs and generative AI skills or explore the latest trends in the field. Knowledge of Python and machine learning concepts is required to fully understand the use cases and code examples. However, with examples using LLM user interfaces, prompt engineering, and no-code model building, this book is great for anyone curious about the AI revolution.



Transformers For Natural Language Processing


Transformers For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Denis Rothman
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2022-03-25

Transformers For Natural Language Processing written by Denis Rothman and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-25 with Computers categories.


OpenAI's GPT-3, ChatGPT, GPT-4 and Hugging Face transformers for language tasks in one book. Get a taste of the future of transformers, including computer vision tasks and code writing and assistance. Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free eBook in PDF format Key Features Improve your productivity with OpenAI’s ChatGPT and GPT-4 from prompt engineering to creating and analyzing machine learning models Pretrain a BERT-based model from scratch using Hugging Face Fine-tune powerful transformer models, including OpenAI's GPT-3, to learn the logic of your data Book DescriptionTransformers are...well...transforming the world of AI. There are many platforms and models out there, but which ones best suit your needs? Transformers for Natural Language Processing, 2nd Edition, guides you through the world of transformers, highlighting the strengths of different models and platforms, while teaching you the problem-solving skills you need to tackle model weaknesses. You'll use Hugging Face to pretrain a RoBERTa model from scratch, from building the dataset to defining the data collator to training the model. If you're looking to fine-tune a pretrained model, including GPT-3, then Transformers for Natural Language Processing, 2nd Edition, shows you how with step-by-step guides. The book investigates machine translations, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, question-answering, and many more NLP tasks. It provides techniques to solve hard language problems and may even help with fake news anxiety (read chapter 13 for more details). You'll see how cutting-edge platforms, such as OpenAI, have taken transformers beyond language into computer vision tasks and code creation using DALL-E 2, ChatGPT, and GPT-4. By the end of this book, you'll know how transformers work and how to implement them and resolve issues like an AI detective.What you will learn Discover new techniques to investigate complex language problems Compare and contrast the results of GPT-3 against T5, GPT-2, and BERT-based transformers Carry out sentiment analysis, text summarization, casual speech analysis, machine translations, and more using TensorFlow, PyTorch, and GPT-3 Find out how ViT and CLIP label images (including blurry ones!) and create images from a sentence using DALL-E Learn the mechanics of advanced prompt engineering for ChatGPT and GPT-4 Who this book is for If you want to learn about and apply transformers to your natural language (and image) data, this book is for you. You'll need a good understanding of Python and deep learning and a basic understanding of NLP to benefit most from this book. Many platforms covered in this book provide interactive user interfaces, which allow readers with a general interest in NLP and AI to follow several chapters. And don't worry if you get stuck or have questions; this book gives you direct access to our AI/ML community to help guide you on your transformers journey!



Representation Learning For Natural Language Processing


Representation Learning For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Zhiyuan Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-03

Representation Learning For Natural Language Processing written by Zhiyuan Liu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-03 with Computers categories.


This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.



Natural Language Processing As A Foundation Of The Semantic Web


Natural Language Processing As A Foundation Of The Semantic Web
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Author : Yorick Wilks
language : en
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Release Date : 2009

Natural Language Processing As A Foundation Of The Semantic Web written by Yorick Wilks and has been published by Now Publishers Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Computers categories.


Looks at how Natural language Processing underpins the Semantic Web, including its initial construction from unstructured sources like the World Wide Web.



Natural Language Understanding With Python


Natural Language Understanding With Python
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Author : Deborah A. Dahl
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2023-06-30

Natural Language Understanding With Python written by Deborah A. Dahl and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-30 with Computers categories.


Build advanced NLU systems by utilizing NLP libraries such as NLTK, SpaCy, BERT, and OpenAI; ML libraries like Keras, scikit-learn, pandas, TensorFlow, and NumPy, along with visualization libraries such as Matplotlib and Seaborn. Purchase of the print Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Master NLU concepts from basic text processing to advanced deep learning techniques Explore practical NLU applications like chatbots, sentiment analysis, and language translation Gain a deeper understanding of large language models like ChatGPT Book DescriptionNatural Language Understanding facilitates the organization and structuring of language allowing computer systems to effectively process textual information for various practical applications. Natural Language Understanding with Python will help you explore practical techniques for harnessing NLU to create diverse applications. with step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical examples, you’ll begin by learning about NLU and its applications. You’ll then explore a wide range of current NLU techniques and their most appropriate use-case. In the process, you’ll be introduced to the most useful Python NLU libraries. Not only will you learn the basics of NLU, you’ll also discover practical issues such as acquiring data, evaluating systems, and deploying NLU applications along with their solutions. The book is a comprehensive guide that’ll help you explore techniques and resources that can be used for different applications in the future. By the end of this book, you’ll be well-versed with the concepts of natural language understanding, deep learning, and large language models (LLMs) for building various AI-based applications.What you will learn Explore the uses and applications of different NLP techniques Understand practical data acquisition and system evaluation workflows Build cutting-edge and practical NLP applications to solve problems Master NLP development from selecting an application to deployment Optimize NLP application maintenance after deployment Build a strong foundation in neural networks and deep learning for NLU Who this book is for This book is for python developers, computational linguists, linguists, data scientists, NLP developers, conversational AI developers, and students looking to learn about natural language understanding (NLU) and applying natural language processing (NLP) technology to real problems. Anyone interested in addressing natural language problems will find this book useful. Working knowledge in Python is a must.



Explainable Natural Language Processing


Explainable Natural Language Processing
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Author : Anders Søgaard
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2021-09-22

Explainable Natural Language Processing written by Anders Søgaard and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-22 with Computers categories.


This book presents a taxonomy framework and survey of methods relevant to explaining the decisions and analyzing the inner workings of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. The book is intended to provide a snapshot of Explainable NLP, though the field continues to rapidly grow. The book is intended to be both readable by first-year M.Sc. students and interesting to an expert audience. The book opens by motivating a focus on providing a consistent taxonomy, pointing out inconsistencies and redundancies in previous taxonomies. It goes on to present (i) a taxonomy or framework for thinking about how approaches to explainable NLP relate to one another; (ii) brief surveys of each of the classes in the taxonomy, with a focus on methods that are relevant for NLP; and (iii) a discussion of the inherent limitations of some classes of methods, as well as how to best evaluate them. Finally, the book closes by providing a list of resources for further research on explainability.



Deep Learning For Natural Language Processing


Deep Learning For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Jason Brownlee
language : en
Publisher: Machine Learning Mastery
Release Date : 2017-11-21

Deep Learning For Natural Language Processing written by Jason Brownlee and has been published by Machine Learning Mastery this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-21 with Computers categories.


Deep learning methods are achieving state-of-the-art results on challenging machine learning problems such as describing photos and translating text from one language to another. In this new laser-focused Ebook, finally cut through the math, research papers and patchwork descriptions about natural language processing. Using clear explanations, standard Python libraries and step-by-step tutorial lessons you will discover what natural language processing is, the promise of deep learning in the field, how to clean and prepare text data for modeling, and how to develop deep learning models for your own natural language processing projects.