Foundational Issues In Artificial Intelligence And Cognitive Science
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Foundational Issues In Artificial Intelligence And Cognitive Science
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Author : M.H. Bickhard
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1996-10-15
Foundational Issues In Artificial Intelligence And Cognitive Science written by M.H. Bickhard and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10-15 with Computers categories.
The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves as distortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, but encodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.
Fundamental Issues Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Vincent C. Müller
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-07
Fundamental Issues Of Artificial Intelligence written by Vincent C. Müller and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-07 with Philosophy categories.
This volume offers a look at the fundamental issues of present and future AI, especially from cognitive science, computer science, neuroscience and philosophy. This work examines the conditions for artificial intelligence, how these relate to the conditions for intelligence in humans and other natural agents, as well as ethical and societal problems that artificial intelligence raises or will raise. The key issues this volume investigates include the relation of AI and cognitive science, ethics of AI and robotics, brain emulation and simulation, hybrid systems and cyborgs, intelligence and intelligence testing, interactive systems, multi-agent systems, and super intelligence. Based on the 2nd conference on “Theory and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence” held in Oxford, the volume includes prominent researchers within the field from around the world.
Artificial Intelligence And Creativity
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Author : T. Dartnall
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Artificial Intelligence And Creativity written by T. Dartnall and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Psychology categories.
Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as `intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the `sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative? These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field. - Prologue (Margaret Boden) - Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall) - Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson) - Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton) - Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero) - Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds) - Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter) For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity.
Foundations Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : David Kirsh
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992
Foundations Of Artificial Intelligence written by David Kirsh and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Computers categories.
In the 11 contributions, theorists historically associated with each position identify the basic tenets of their position.Have the classical methods and ideas of AI outlived their usefulness? Foundations of Artificial Intelligence critically evaluates the fundamental assumptions underpinning the dominant approaches to AI. In the 11 contributions, theorists historically associated with each position identify the basic tenets of their position. They discuss the underlying principles, describe the natural types of problems and tasks in which their approach succeeds, explain where its power comes from, and what its scope and limits are. Theorists generally skeptical of these positions evaluate the effectiveness of the method or approach and explain why it works - to the extent they believe it does - and why it eventually fails.ContentsFoundations of AI: The Big Issues, D. Kirsh - Logic and Artificial Intelligence, N. J. Nilsson - Rigor Mortis: A Response to Nilsson's 'Logic and Artificial Intelligence, ' L. Birnbaum - Open Information Systems Semantics for Distributed Artificial Intelligence, C. Hewitt - Social Conceptions of Knowledge and Action: DAI Foundations and Open Systems Semantics, L. Gasser - Intelligence without Representation, R. A. Brooks - Today the Earwig, Tomorrow Man? D. Kirsh - On the Thresholds of Knowledge, D. B. Lenat, E. A. Feigenbaum - The Owl and the Electric Encyclopedia, B. C. Smith - A Preliminary Analysis of the Soar Architecture as a Basis for General Intelligence, P. S. Rosenbloom, J. E. Laird, A. Newell, R. McCarl - Approaches to the Study of Intelligence, D. A. Norman
Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Jack Copeland
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-07-29
Artificial Intelligence written by Jack Copeland and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-29 with Philosophy categories.
Presupposing no familiarity with the technical concepts of either philosophy or computing, this clear introduction reviews the progress made in AI since the inception of the field in 1956. Copeland goes on to analyze what those working in AI must achieve before they can claim to have built a thinking machine and appraises their prospects of succeeding. There are clear introductions to connectionism and to the language of thought hypothesis which weave together material from philosophy, artificial intelligence and neuroscience. John Searle's attacks on AI and cognitive science are countered and close attention is given to foundational issues, including the nature of computation, Turing Machines, the Church-Turing Thesis and the difference between classical symbol processing and parallel distributed processing. The book also explores the possibility of machines having free will and consciousness and concludes with a discussion of in what sense the human brain may be a computer.
The Sciences Of Cognition
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1995-03-30
The Sciences Of Cognition written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03-30 with Computers categories.
Wagman presents a general, unified theory of artificial and human intelligence under which the nature of human reasoning, problem solving, analogical thinking, and scientific discovery is examined from theoretical, research and computational perspectives. The work analyzes foundational issues regarding the nature of intelligent systems and intelligence, and significant and current research in the area is discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars dealing with psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
Artificial Intelligence And Creativity
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Author : T Dartnall
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Artificial Intelligence And Creativity written by T Dartnall and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative? These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field. - Prologue (Margaret Boden) - Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall) - Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson) - Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton) - Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero) - Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds) - Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter) For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity.
The Foundations Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Derek Partridge
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1990-04-26
The Foundations Of Artificial Intelligence written by Derek Partridge and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-04-26 with Computers categories.
This outstanding collection is designed to address the fundamental issues and principles underlying the task of Artificial Intelligence.
Ethical Artificial Intelligence From Popular To Cognitive Science
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Author : Jordan Richard Schoenherr
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-06-24
Ethical Artificial Intelligence From Popular To Cognitive Science written by Jordan Richard Schoenherr and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-24 with Computers categories.
This book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on the ethics of 'artificial intelligence' – autonomous, intelligent, (and connected) systems, or AISs, applying principles of social cognition to understand the social and ethical issues associated with the creation, adoption, and implementation of AISs. As humans become entangled in sociotechnical systems defined by human and artificial agents, there is a pressing need to understand how trust is created, used, and abused. Compounding the difficulty in answering these questions, stakeholders directly or indirectly affected by these systems differ in their motivations, understanding, and values. This volume provides a comprehensive resource to help stakeholders understand ethical issues of designing and implementing AISs using an ethical sensemaking approach. Starting with the general technical affordances of AIS, Dr. Jordan Richard Schoenherr considers the features of system design relating data integrity, selection and interpretation of algorithms, and the evolution processes that drive AISs innovation as a sociotechnological system. The poles of technophobia (algorithmic aversion) and technophilia (algorithmic preference) in the public perception of AISs are then described and considered against existing evidence, including issues ranging from the displacement and re-education needs of the human workforce, the impact of use of technology on interpersonal accord, and surveillance and cybersecurity. Ethical frameworks that provide tools for evaluating the values and outcomes of AISs are then reviewed, and how they can be aligned with ethical sensemaking processes identified by psychological science is explored. Finally, these disparate threads are brought together in a design framework. Also including sections on policies and guideline, gaming and social media, and Eastern philosophical frameworks, this is fascinating reading for students and academics in psychology, computer science, philosophy, and related areas, as well as professionals such as policy makers and those working with AI systems.
The Age Of Artificial Intelligence An Exploration
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Author : Steven S. Gouveia
language : en
Publisher: Vernon Press
Release Date : 2020-07-07
The Age Of Artificial Intelligence An Exploration written by Steven S. Gouveia and has been published by Vernon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-07 with Computers categories.
With worldwide spending estimates of over $97 billion by 2023, it is no surprise that Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) is one of the hottest topics at present in both the private and public spheres. Comprising of vital contributions from the most influential researchers in the field, including Daniel Dennett, Roman V. Yampolskiy, Frederic Gilbert, Stevan Harnad, David Pearce, Natasha Vita-More, Vernon Vinge and Ben Goertzel, ‘The Age of Artificial Intelligence: An Exploration’ discusses a variety of topics ranging from the various ethical issues associated with A.I. based technologies in terms of morality and law to subjects related to artificial consciousness, artistic creativity and intelligence. The volume is organized as follows: Section I is dedicated to reflections on the Intelligence of A.I., with chapters by Soenke Ziesche and Roman V. Yampolskiy, Stevan Harnad, Daniel Dennett and David Pearce. Next, Section II discusses the relationship between consciousness, simulation and artificial intelligence, with chapters by Gabriel Axel Montes and Ben Goertzel, Cody Turner, Nicole Hall and Steven S. Gouveia. Section III, dedicated to aesthetical creativity and language in artificial intelligence, includes chapters by Caterina Moruzzi, René Mogensen, Mariana Chinellato Ferreira and Kulvinder Panesar. The subsequent Section IV is on the Ethics of the Bionic Brain with the participation of Peter A. DePergola II, Tomislav Miletić and Frederic Gilbert, Aníbal M. Astobiza, Txetxu Ausin, Ricardo M. Ferrer and Stephen Rainey and Natasha Vita-More. Finally, Section V follows on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence with chapters by Federico Pistono and Roman V. Yamploskiy, Hasse Hämäläinen, Vernon Vinge and Eray Özkural. The Age of Artificial Intelligence is imminent, if not here already. We should ensure that we invest in the right people and the right ideas to create the best possible solutions to the problems of the present and prepare for those of the future. This edited volume will be of particular interest to researchers in the field of A.I. as well of those in Cognitive Science (Philosophy of the Mind, Neuroscience, and Linguistics), Aesthetics and Arts, Applied Ethics and Political Philosophy / Law. Students studying the aforementioned topics can also benefit from its contents.