From A Nickel To A Token
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From A Nickel To A Token
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Author : Andrew J. Sparberg
language : en
Publisher: Fordham Univ Press
Release Date : 2014-11-03
From A Nickel To A Token written by Andrew J. Sparberg and has been published by Fordham Univ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-03 with History categories.
Streetcars “are as dead as sailing ships,” said Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia in a radio speech, two days before Madison Avenue’s streetcars yielded to buses. LaGuardia was determined to eliminate streetcars, demolish pre-1900 elevated lines, and unify the subway system, a goal that became reality in 1940 when the separate IRT, BMT, and IND became one giant system under full public control. In this fascinating micro-history of New York’s transit system, Andrew Sparberg examines twenty specific events between 1940 and 1968, book ended by subway unification and the MTA’s creation. From a Nickel to a Token depicts a potpourri of well-remembered, partially forgotten, and totally obscure happenings drawn from the historical tapestry of New York mass transit. Sparberg deftly captures five boroughs of grit, chaos, and emotion grappling with a massive and unwieldy transit system. During these decades, the system morphed into today’s familiar network. The public sector absorbed most private surface lines operating within the five boroughs, and buses completely replaced streetcars. Elevated lines were demolished, replaced by subways or, along Manhattan’s Third Avenue, not at all. Beyond the unification of the IND, IRT, and BMT, strategic track connections were built between lines to allow a more flexible and unified operation. The oldest subway routes received much needed rehabilitation. Thousands of new subway cars and buses were purchased. The sacred nickel fare barrier was broken, and by 1968 a ride cost twenty cents. From LaGuardia to Lindsay, mayors devoted much energy to solving transit problems, keeping fares low, and appeasing voters, fellow elected officials, transit management, and labor leaders. Simultaneously, American society was experiencing tumultuous times, manifested by labor disputes, economic pressures, and civil rights protests. Featuring many photos never before published, From a Nickel to a Token is a historical trip back in time to a multitude of important events.
What It Is Like To Perceive
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Author : J. Christopher Maloney
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-15
What It Is Like To Perceive written by J. Christopher Maloney and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-15 with Philosophy categories.
Naturalistic cognitive science, when realistically rendered, rightly maintains that to think is to deploy contentful mental representations. Accordingly, conscious perception, memory, and anticipation are forms of cognition that, despite their introspectively manifest differences, may coincide in content. Sometimes we remember what we saw; other times we predict what we will see. Why, then, does what it is like consciously to perceive, differ so dramatically from what it is like merely to recall or anticipate the same? Why, if thought is just representation, does the phenomenal character of seeing a sunset differ so stunningly from the tepid character of recollecting or predicting the sun's descent? J. Christopher Maloney argues that, unlike other cognitive modes, perception is in fact immediate, direct acquaintance with the object of thought. Although all mental representations carry content, the vehicles of perceptual representation are uniquely composed of the very objects represented. To perceive the setting sun is to use the sun and its properties to cast a peculiar cognitive vehicle of demonstrative representation. This vehicle's embedded referential term is identical with, and demonstrates, the sun itself. And the vehicle's self-attributive demonstrative predicate is itself forged from a property of that same remote star. So, in this sense, the perceiving mind is an extended mind. Perception is unbrokered cognition of what is real, exactly as it really is. Maloney's theory of perception will be of great interest in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science.
The Universal Modern Cambist
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Author : Ezra S. Winslow
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2023-04-27
The Universal Modern Cambist written by Ezra S. Winslow and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-27 with Fiction categories.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1872.
Winslow S Comprehensive Mathematics
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Author : E. S. Winslow
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2023-05-09
Winslow S Comprehensive Mathematics written by E. S. Winslow and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-09 with Fiction categories.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1872. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
Hnai Long Beach Hard Times Tokens Auction Catalog
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Author : Ivy Press
language : en
Publisher: Heritage Capital Corporation
Release Date : 2006-08
Hnai Long Beach Hard Times Tokens Auction Catalog written by Ivy Press and has been published by Heritage Capital Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08 with categories.
Numismatic Archaeology Of North America
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Author : Marjorie H. Akin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-05-05
Numismatic Archaeology Of North America written by Marjorie H. Akin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-05 with Social Science categories.
Numismatic Archaeology of North America is the first book to provide an archaeological overview of the coins and tokens found in a wide range of North American archaeological sites. It begins with a comprehensive and well-illustrated review of the various coins and tokens that circulated in North America with descriptions of the uses for, and human behavior associated with, each type. The book contains practical sections on standardized nomenclature, photographing, cleaning, and curating coins, and discusses the impacts of looting and of working with collectors. This is an important tool for archaeologists working with coins. For numismatists and collectors, it explains the importance of archaeological context for complete analysis.
The Official Blackbook Price Guide To United States Coins 2013 51st Edition
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Author : Thomas E. Hudgeons, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: House of Collectibles
Release Date : 2012-06-12
The Official Blackbook Price Guide To United States Coins 2013 51st Edition written by Thomas E. Hudgeons, Jr. and has been published by House of Collectibles this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-12 with Antiques & Collectibles categories.
For over fifty years, The Official Blackbook Price Guide to United States Coins 2013 has been the bestselling sourcebook for collectors. Reflecting the current skyrocketing prices of gold and silver, this guide has all the information you need to become a knowledgeable coin collector. Features include: •Over 18,000 prices •Values for every U.S. coin ever minted •An updated market review that traces current trends in collecting and investing •Hundreds of coin illustrations and a fast-find index for easy identification •Extensive information on buying and selling coins at auction, coins shows, online, and through the mail
The Official Blackbook Price Guide To United States Coins 2014 52nd Edition
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Author : Thomas E. Hudgeons, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: House of Collectibles
Release Date : 2013-06-11
The Official Blackbook Price Guide To United States Coins 2014 52nd Edition written by Thomas E. Hudgeons, Jr. and has been published by House of Collectibles this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-11 with Antiques & Collectibles categories.
For over fifty years, The Official Blackbook Price Guide to United States Coins has been the bestselling sourcebook for collectors. Filled with the most current values and the latest market reports, this updated edition has all the information you need to become a knowledgeable coin collector. Features Include: •Over 18,000 prices •Values for every U.S. coin ever minted •An updated market review that traces current trends in collecting and investing •Hundreds of coin illustrations and a fast-find index for easy identification •Extensive information on buying, selling, and grading coins at auction, online, and through the mail
Problems In Probability Theory Mathematical Statistics And Theory Of Random Functions
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Author : A. A. Sveshnikov
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-04-30
Problems In Probability Theory Mathematical Statistics And Theory Of Random Functions written by A. A. Sveshnikov and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-30 with Mathematics categories.
Approximately 1,000 problems — with answers and solutions included at the back of the book — illustrate such topics as random events, random variables, limit theorems, Markov processes, and much more.
Hnai Medals And Tokens Long Beach Auction Catalog 1100
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Author : Mark Van Winkle
language : en
Publisher: Heritage Capital Corporation
Release Date : 2008-08
Hnai Medals And Tokens Long Beach Auction Catalog 1100 written by Mark Van Winkle and has been published by Heritage Capital Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08 with categories.
