From Nedc To Wltp
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From Nedc To Wltp
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
From Nedc To Wltp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The present report summarises the work carried out by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre to estimate the impact of the introduction of the new type approval procedure, the Worldwide Light duty vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), on the European car fleet CO2 emissions. To this aim, a new method for the calculation of the European light duty vehicle fleet CO2 emissions, combining simulation at individual vehicle level with fleet composition data is adopted. The method builds on the work carried out in the development of CO2MPAS, the tool developed by the Joint Research Centre to allow the implementation of European Regulations 1152 and 1153/2017 (which set the conditions to amend the European CO2 targets for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles due to the introduction of the WLTP in the European vehicle type-approval process). Results show an average WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio in the range 1.1-1.4 depending on the powertrain and on the NEDC CO2 emissions. In particular the ratio tends to be higher for vehicles with lower NEDC CO2 emissions in all powertrains, the only exception being with the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In this case, indeed, the WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio quickly decreases to values that can be also lower than 1 as the electric range of the vehicle increases.
From Nedc To Wltp
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
From Nedc To Wltp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The present report summarises the work carried out by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre to estimate the impact of the introduction of the new type approval procedure, the Worldwide Light duty vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), on the European car fleet CO2 emissions. To this aim, a new method for the calculation of the European light duty vehicle fleet CO2 emissions, combining simulation at individual vehicle level with fleet composition data is adopted. The method builds on the work carried out in the development of CO2MPAS, the tool developed by the Joint Research Centre to allow the implementation of European Regulations 1152 and 1153/2017 (which set the conditions to amend the European CO2 targets for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles due to the introduction of the WLTP in the European vehicle type-approval process). Results show an average WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio in the range 1.1-1.4 depending on the powertrain and on the NEDC CO2 emissions. In particular the ratio tends to be higher for vehicles with lower NEDC CO2 emissions in all powertrains, the only exception being with the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In this case, indeed, the WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio quickly decreases to values that can be also lower than 1 as the electric range of the vehicle increases.
Impact Of Wltp Introduction On Co2 Emissions From M1 And N1 Vehicles
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Impact Of Wltp Introduction On Co2 Emissions From M1 And N1 Vehicles written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The analysis of official type-approval documents covering the period September 2017 - August 2018 and which were uploaded in the ETAES platform has given a first insight of the impact of the introduction of the WLTP procedure on declared and measured CO2 emissions. The first topic analysed was the ratio between declared WLTP and NEDC emissions. On average, this ratio is higher for diesel ICE vehicles compared to gasoline ICE vehicles. The mean ratio for diesel VH was 1.26 for M1 category and 1.28 for N1 and for VL 1.18 for M1 and 1.22 for N1 category. The 2018 EEA data showed an average ratio of 1.25 for M1 and 1.27 for N1 category. For gasoline ICE vehicles the mean ratio for VH is 1.16 for M1 1.19 for N1 category and for VL 1.13 for M1 and 1.14 for N1 category. The 2018 EEA data show an average ratio of 1.19 for M1 1.16 for N1 category. The highest average ratio for diesel and gasoline VH was calculated for OEM_3 group and for VL for OEM_15 (diesel) and OEM_3 (gasoline) groups. The 2018 EEA registrations data show the highest average ratio coming from OEM_3 (diesel) and OEM_11 (gasoline) groups. For NOVC-HEVs and OVC-HEVs the data sets analysis were much smaller and any conclusions drawn should be treated with caution. The mean WLTP/NEDC ratio for NOVC-HEVs was 1.22 (VH) and 1.18 (VL), which is higher than that of gasoline ICE vehicles. For all OVC-HEVs analysed (weighted-combined CO2 emissions) the ratio for VH is 1.13, but with a range from 0.34 to 1.44 and for VL the average was 1.03 (range: 0.31-1.32). In the 2018 EEA data NOVC-HEVs and OVC-HEVs could not be distinguished. Analysis of Emission type-approval documents (ETA) revealed that for the majority of IP families analysed (70% for VH and 73% for VL) the declared WLTP values were less than 5% higher than the WLTP measured values. In 26% of cases for VH and 23% for VL the over-declaration was between 5% and 10%. In only 4% of cases for VH and 4% for VL OEM's over-declaration was above 10% (but always below 20%). In total, 18% (266) of IP families are type-approved with only vehicle high (VH), which leads to higher CO2 emissions compared to the interpolation approach. Some OEMs are only type-approving VH (OEM_13, OEM_16, OEM_17, OEM_18, OEM_19, OEM_21, OEM_22, OEM_23, OEM_24, OEM_25, OEM_27, OEM_28), but except OEM_13, the other OEM groups have very low registrations. OEM groups with high registrations (more than half million) and high % of IP families with only VH are: OEM_7 (24%), OEM_5 (22%), OEM_2 (20%), OEM_9 (7%), and OEM_3 (6%). OEM_12 and OEM_10 are another OEMs with high % of IP families with only VH (91% and 73%, respectively) and registrations higher than 200,000. Various inconsistencies and issues have been identified in the data collected. Such inconsistencies should be addressed to ensure correct implementation of the legislation and a level playing field.
Renewable Energies For Sustainable Development
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Author : M. Dolores Esteban
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-08-18
Renewable Energies For Sustainable Development written by M. Dolores Esteban and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed.
Handbook Of Fuels
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Author : Barbara Elvers
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-09-08
Handbook Of Fuels written by Barbara Elvers and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A guide to industrially relevant products and processes for transportation fuels The Handbook of Fuels offers a comprehensive review of the wide variety of fuels used to power vehicles, aircraft and ships and examines the processes to produce these fuels. The updated second edition reflects the growing importance of fuels and fuel additives from renewable sources. New chapters include information on current production technology and use of bioethanol, biomethanol and biomass-to-liquid fuels. The book also reviews novel additives and performanace enhancers for conventional engines and fuels for novel bybrid engines. This comprehensive resource contains critical information on the legal, safety, and environmental issues associated with the production and use of fuels as well as reviewing important secondary aspects of the use and production of fuels. This authoritative guide includes contributions from authors who are long-standing contributors to the Ullmann's Encyclopedia, the world's most trusted reference for industrial chemistry. This important guide: Contains an updated edition of the authoritative resource to the production and use of fuels used for transportation Includes information that has been selected to reflect only commercially relevant products and processes Presents contributions from a team of noted experts in the field Offers the most recent developments in fuels and additives from renewable sources Written for professionals in the fields of fossil and renewable fuels, engine design, and transportation, Handbook of Fuels is the comprehensive resource that has been revised to reflect the recent developments in fuels used for transportation.
Data Driven Traffic Engineering
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Author : Hubert Rehborn
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-10-23
Data Driven Traffic Engineering written by Hubert Rehborn and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-23 with Transportation categories.
Data-Driven Traffic Engineering: Understanding of Traffic and Applications Based on Three-Phase Traffic Theory shifts the current focus from using modeling and simulation data for traffic measurements to the use of actual data. The book uses real-world, empirically-derived data from a large fleet of connected vehicles, local observations and aerial observation to shed light on key traffic phenomena. Readers will learn how to develop an understanding of the empirical features of vehicular traffic networks and how to consider these features in emerging, intelligent transport systems. Topics cover congestion patterns, fuel consumption, the influence of weather, and much more. This book offers a unique, data-driven analysis of vehicular traffic in traffic networks, also considering how to apply data-driven insights to the intelligent transport systems of the future. Provides an empirically-driven analysis of traffic measurements/congestion based on real-world data collected from a global fleet of vehicles Applies Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory to empirical data Offers a critical scientific understanding of the underlying concerns of traffic control in automated driving and intelligent transport systems
Thermal Energy Management In Vehicles
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Author : Vincent Lemort
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-03-20
Thermal Energy Management In Vehicles written by Vincent Lemort and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Comprehensive coverage of thermal energy management systems and components in vehicles In Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and authoritative account of thermal energy management systems and components in vehicles. Covering three main areas—the thermal management of internal combustion engines, mobile air-conditioning, and thermal management of hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles—the book discusses and proposes simulation models for many of the components and systems introduced in the book. The authors also cover state-of-the-art and emerging technologies, as well as likely future industry trends, and offer an accompanying website with supplementary materials like downloadable models and examples. Readers will also find: Material that bridges the gap between academia and industry Proposed simulation models for vehicular components and systems Fulsome discussions of industry trends likely to take hold in the near future Accompanying online resources, including downloadable simulation models and examples, on a complimentary website Perfect for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in automotive engineering, Thermal Energy Management in Vehicles will also benefit anyone seeking a comprehensive treatment of vehicular thermal energy management systems and components.
Chassis Dynamometer Testing
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Author : Eduardo Galindo
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2017-06-29
Chassis Dynamometer Testing written by Eduardo Galindo and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The use of the chassis dynamometer test cells has been an integral part of the vehicle development and validation process for several decades, involving specialists from different fields, not all of them necessarily experts in automotive engineering. CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TESTING: Addressing the Challenges of New Global Legislation (WLTP and RDE) sets out to gather knowledge from multiple groups of specialists to better understand the testing challenges associated with the vehicle chassis dynamometer test cells, and enable informed design and use of these facilities.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle System Modeling And Control
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Author : Wei Liu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-04-17
Hybrid Electric Vehicle System Modeling And Control written by Wei Liu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This new edition includes approximately 30% new materials covering the following information that has been added to this important work: extends the contents on Li-ion batteries detailing the positive and negative electrodes and characteristics and other components including binder, electrolyte, separator and foils, and the structure of Li-ion battery cell. Nickel-cadmium batteries are deleted. adds a new section presenting the modelling of multi-mode electrically variable transmission, which gradually became the main structure of the hybrid power-train during the last 5 years. newly added chapter on noise and vibration of hybrid vehicles introduces the basics of vibration and noise issues associated with power-train, driveline and vehicle vibrations, and addresses control solutions to reduce the noise and vibration levels. Chapter 10 (chapter 9 of the first edition) is extended by presenting EPA and UN newly required test drive schedules and test procedures for hybrid electric mileage calculation for window sticker considerations. In addition to the above major changes in this second edition, adaptive charging sustaining point determination method is presented to have a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with optimum performance.
Diesel Emissions And Their Control 2nd Edition
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Author : W. Addy Majewski
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2023-12-20
Diesel Emissions And Their Control 2nd Edition written by W. Addy Majewski and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Engineers, applied scientists, students, and individuals working to reduceemissions and advance diesel engine technology will find the secondedition of Diesel Emissions and Their Control to be an indispensablereference. Whether readers are at the outset of their learning journey orseeking to deepen their expertise, this comprehensive reference bookcaters to a wide audience.In this substantial update to the 2006 classic, the authors have expandedthe coverage of the latest emission technologies. With the industryevolving rapidly, the book ensures that readers are well-informed aboutthe most recent advances in commercial diesel engines, providing acompetitive edge in their respective fields. The second edition has alsostreamlined the content to focus on the most promising technologies.This book is rooted in the wealth of information available on DieselNet.com, where the “Technology Guide” papers offer in-depth insights. Eachchapter includes links to relevant online materials, granting readers accessto even more expertise and knowledge.The second edition is organized into six parts, providing a structuredjourney through every aspect of diesel engines and emissions control: Part I: A foundational exploration of the diesel engine, combustion, andessential subsystems. Part II: An in-depth look at emission characterization, health andenvironmental impacts, testing methods, and global regulations. Part III: A comprehensive overview of diesel fuels, covering petroleumdiesel, alternative fuels, and engine lubricants. Part IV: An exploration of engine efficiency and emission controltechnologies, from exhaust gas recirculation to engine control. Part V: The latest developments in diesel exhaust aftertreatment,encompassing catalyst technologies and particulate filters. Part VI: A historical journey through the evolution of dieselengine technology, with a focus on heavy-duty engines in the NorthAmerican market. (ISBN 9781468605693, ISBN 9781468605709, ISBN 9781468605716, DOI: 10.4271/9781468605709)