Impact Of Wltp Introduction On Co2 Emissions From M1 And N1 Vehicles

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Impact Of Wltp Introduction On Co2 Emissions From M1 And N1 Vehicles

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Impact Of Wltp Introduction On Co2 Emissions From M1 And N1 Vehicles written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

The analysis of official type-approval documents covering the period September 2017 - August 2018 and which were uploaded in the ETAES platform has given a first insight of the impact of the introduction of the WLTP procedure on declared and measured CO2 emissions. The first topic analysed was the ratio between declared WLTP and NEDC emissions. On average, this ratio is higher for diesel ICE vehicles compared to gasoline ICE vehicles. The mean ratio for diesel VH was 1.26 for M1 category and 1.28 for N1 and for VL 1.18 for M1 and 1.22 for N1 category. The 2018 EEA data showed an average ratio of 1.25 for M1 and 1.27 for N1 category. For gasoline ICE vehicles the mean ratio for VH is 1.16 for M1 1.19 for N1 category and for VL 1.13 for M1 and 1.14 for N1 category. The 2018 EEA data show an average ratio of 1.19 for M1 1.16 for N1 category. The highest average ratio for diesel and gasoline VH was calculated for OEM_3 group and for VL for OEM_15 (diesel) and OEM_3 (gasoline) groups. The 2018 EEA registrations data show the highest average ratio coming from OEM_3 (diesel) and OEM_11 (gasoline) groups. For NOVC-HEVs and OVC-HEVs the data sets analysis were much smaller and any conclusions drawn should be treated with caution. The mean WLTP/NEDC ratio for NOVC-HEVs was 1.22 (VH) and 1.18 (VL), which is higher than that of gasoline ICE vehicles. For all OVC-HEVs analysed (weighted-combined CO2 emissions) the ratio for VH is 1.13, but with a range from 0.34 to 1.44 and for VL the average was 1.03 (range: 0.31-1.32). In the 2018 EEA data NOVC-HEVs and OVC-HEVs could not be distinguished. Analysis of Emission type-approval documents (ETA) revealed that for the majority of IP families analysed (70% for VH and 73% for VL) the declared WLTP values were less than 5% higher than the WLTP measured values. In 26% of cases for VH and 23% for VL the over-declaration was between 5% and 10%. In only 4% of cases for VH and 4% for VL OEM's over-declaration was above 10% (but always below 20%). In total, 18% (266) of IP families are type-approved with only vehicle high (VH), which leads to higher CO2 emissions compared to the interpolation approach. Some OEMs are only type-approving VH (OEM_13, OEM_16, OEM_17, OEM_18, OEM_19, OEM_21, OEM_22, OEM_23, OEM_24, OEM_25, OEM_27, OEM_28), but except OEM_13, the other OEM groups have very low registrations. OEM groups with high registrations (more than half million) and high % of IP families with only VH are: OEM_7 (24%), OEM_5 (22%), OEM_2 (20%), OEM_9 (7%), and OEM_3 (6%). OEM_12 and OEM_10 are another OEMs with high % of IP families with only VH (91% and 73%, respectively) and registrations higher than 200,000. Various inconsistencies and issues have been identified in the data collected. Such inconsistencies should be addressed to ensure correct implementation of the legislation and a level playing field.

From Nedc To Wltp

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

From Nedc To Wltp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

The present report summarises the work carried out by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre to estimate the impact of the introduction of the new type approval procedure, the Worldwide Light duty vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), on the European car fleet CO2 emissions. To this aim, a new method for the calculation of the European light duty vehicle fleet CO2 emissions, combining simulation at individual vehicle level with fleet composition data is adopted. The method builds on the work carried out in the development of CO2MPAS, the tool developed by the Joint Research Centre to allow the implementation of European Regulations 1152 and 1153/2017 (which set the conditions to amend the European CO2 targets for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles due to the introduction of the WLTP in the European vehicle type-approval process). Results show an average WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio in the range 1.1-1.4 depending on the powertrain and on the NEDC CO2 emissions. In particular the ratio tends to be higher for vehicles with lower NEDC CO2 emissions in all powertrains, the only exception being with the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In this case, indeed, the WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio quickly decreases to values that can be also lower than 1 as the electric range of the vehicle increases.

From Nedc To Wltp

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

From Nedc To Wltp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

The present report summarises the work carried out by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre to estimate the impact of the introduction of the new type approval procedure, the Worldwide Light duty vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), on the European car fleet CO2 emissions. To this aim, a new method for the calculation of the European light duty vehicle fleet CO2 emissions, combining simulation at individual vehicle level with fleet composition data is adopted. The method builds on the work carried out in the development of CO2MPAS, the tool developed by the Joint Research Centre to allow the implementation of European Regulations 1152 and 1153/2017 (which set the conditions to amend the European CO2 targets for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles due to the introduction of the WLTP in the European vehicle type-approval process). Results show an average WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio in the range 1.1-1.4 depending on the powertrain and on the NEDC CO2 emissions. In particular the ratio tends to be higher for vehicles with lower NEDC CO2 emissions in all powertrains, the only exception being with the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). In this case, indeed, the WLTP to NEDC CO2 emissions ratio quickly decreases to values that can be also lower than 1 as the electric range of the vehicle increases.

Driving And Engine Cycles

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Author : Evangelos G. Giakoumis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-09

Driving And Engine Cycles written by Evangelos G. Giakoumis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book presents in detail the most important driving and engine cycles used for the certification and testing of new vehicles and engines around the world. It covers chassis and engine-dynamometer cycles for passenger cars, light-duty vans, heavy-duty engines, non-road engines and motorcycles, offering detailed historical information and critical review. The book also provides detailed examples from SI and diesel engines and vehicles operating during various cycles, with a focus on how the engine behaves during transients and how this is reflected in emitted pollutants, CO2 and after-treatment systems operation. It describes the measurement methods for the testing of new vehicles and essential information on the procedure for creating a driving cycle. Lastly, it presents detailed technical specifications on the most important chassis-dynamometer cycles around the world, together with a direct comparison of those cycles.

Small Electric Vehicles

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Author : Amelie Ewert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021

Small Electric Vehicles written by Amelie Ewert and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Automotive engineering categories.

This edited open access book gives a comprehensive overview of small and lightweight electric three- and four-wheel vehicles with an international scope. The present status of small electric vehicle (SEV) technologies, the market situation and main hindering factors for market success as well as options to attain a higher market share including new mobility concepts are highlighted. An increased usage of SEVs can have different impacts which are highlighted in the book in regard to sustainable transport, congestion, electric grid and transport-related potentials. To underline the effects these vehicles can have in urban areas or rural areas, several case studies are presented covering outcomes of pilot projects and studies in Europe. A study of the operation and usage in the Global South extends the scope to a global scale. Furthermore, several concept studies and vehicle concepts on the market give a more detailed overview and show the deployment in different applications.

New Trends In Emission Control In The European Union

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Author : Jerzy Merkisz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-14

New Trends In Emission Control In The European Union written by Jerzy Merkisz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book discusses recent changes in the European legislation for exhaust emissions from motor vehicles. It starts with a comprehensive explanation of both the structure and range of applicability of new regulations, such as Euro 5 and Euro 6 for light-duty vehicles and Euro VI for heavy-duty vehicles. Then it introduces the most important issues in in-service conformity and conformity of production for vehicles, describing the latest procedures for performing exhaust emissions tests under both bench and operating conditions. Subsequently, it reports on portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) and their application for assessing the emissions of gaseous and particulate matter alike, under actual operating conditions and in all transport modes. Lastly, the book presents selected findings from exhaust emissions research on engines for a variety of transport vehicles, such as light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as non-road vehicles, which include farm tractors, groundwork and forest machinery, diesel locomotives, high-rail vehicles, combat vehicles and special-purpose vehicles. This work offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals dealing with environmental regulations and vehicle manufacturing in the European Union.

Chassis Dynamometer Testing

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Author : Eduardo Galindo
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2017-06-29

Chassis Dynamometer Testing written by Eduardo Galindo and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The use of the chassis dynamometer test cells has been an integral part of the vehicle development and validation process for several decades, involving specialists from different fields, not all of them necessarily experts in automotive engineering. CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER TESTING: Addressing the Challenges of New Global Legislation (WLTP and RDE) sets out to gather knowledge from multiple groups of specialists to better understand the testing challenges associated with the vehicle chassis dynamometer test cells, and enable informed design and use of these facilities.

Thermal System Design And Simulation

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Author : P.L. Dhar
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-10-25

Thermal System Design And Simulation written by P.L. Dhar and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-25 with Science categories.

Thermal System Design and Simulation covers the fundamental analyses of thermal energy systems that enable users to effectively formulate their own simulation and optimal design procedures. This reference provides thorough guidance on how to formulate optimal design constraints and develop strategies to solve them with minimal computational effort. The book uniquely illustrates the methodology of combining information flow diagrams to simplify system simulation procedures needed in optimal design. It also includes a comprehensive presentation on dynamics of thermal systems and the control systems needed to ensure safe operation at varying loads. Designed to give readers the skills to develop their own customized software for simulating and designing thermal systems, this book is relevant for anyone interested in obtaining an advanced knowledge of thermal system analysis and design. Contains detailed models of simulation for equipment in the most commonly used thermal engineering systems Features illustrations for the methodology of using information flow diagrams to simplify system simulation procedures Includes comprehensive global case studies of simulation and optimization of thermal systems

The Automotive Chassis

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Author : Giancarlo Genta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-26

The Automotive Chassis written by Giancarlo Genta and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This work serves as a reference concerning the automotive chassis, i.e. everything that is inside a vehicle except the engine and the body. It is the result of a decade of work mostly done by the FIAT group, who supplied material, together with other automotive companies, and sponsored the work. The first volume deals with the design of automotive components and the second volume treats the various aspects of the design of a vehicle as a system.

Conat 2016 International Congress Of Automotive And Transport Engineering

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Author : Anghel Chiru
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-31

Conat 2016 International Congress Of Automotive And Transport Engineering written by Anghel Chiru and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The volume will include selected and reviewed papers from CONAT - International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering to be held in Brasov, Romania, in October 2016. Authors are experts from research, industry and universities coming from 14 countries worldwide. The papers are covering the latest developments in automotive vehicles and environment, advanced transport systems and road traffic, heavy and special vehicles, new materials, manufacturing technologies and logistics, accident research and analysis and innovative solutions for automotive vehicles. The conference will be organized by SIAR (Society of Automotive Engineers from Romania) in cooperation with FISITA.