From Patient Data To Medical Knowledge
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From Patient Data To Medical Knowledge
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Author : Paul Taylor
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
From Patient Data To Medical Knowledge written by Paul Taylor and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Medical categories.
How can you make the best use of patient data to improve health outcomes? More and more information about patients' health is stored on increasingly interconnected computer systems. But is it shared in ways that help clinicians care for patients? Could it be better used as a resource for researchers? This book is aimed at all those who want to learn about how IT is transforming the way we think about medicine and medical research. The ideas explored here are taken from research carried out around the world, and are presented by a leading authority in Health Informatics based at University College London. This comprehensive guide to the field is split into three sections: What is health informatics? – an introduction Techniques for representing and analysing patient data and medical knowledge Implementation in the clinical setting: changing practice to improve health care outcomes Whether you are a health professional, NHS manager or IT specialist, this book will help you understand how data can be managed to provide the information you and your colleagues want in the most helpful and accessible way for both you and your patients.
Making Medical Knowledge
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Author : Miriam Solomon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Making Medical Knowledge written by Miriam Solomon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Medical categories.
How is medical knowledge made? New methods for research and clinical care have reshaped the practices of medical knowledge production over the last forty years. Consensus conferences, evidence-based medicine, translational medicine, and narrative medicine are among the most prominent new methods. Making Medical Knowledge explores their origins and aims, their epistemic strengths, and their epistemic weaknesses. Miriam Solomon argues that the familiar dichotomy between the art and the science of medicine is not adequate for understanding this plurality of methods. The book begins by tracing the development of medical consensus conferences, from their beginning at the United States' National Institutes of Health in 1977, to their widespread adoption in national and international contexts. It discusses consensus conferences as social epistemic institutions designed to embody democracy and achieve objectivity. Evidence-based medicine, which developed next, ranks expert consensus at the bottom of the evidence hierarchy, thus challenging the authority of consensus conferences. Evidence-based medicine has transformed both medical research and clinical medicine in many positive ways, but it has also been accused of creating an intellectual hegemony that has marginalized crucial stages of scientific research, particularly scientific discovery. Translational medicine is understood as a response to the shortfalls of both consensus conferences and evidence-based medicine. Narrative medicine is the most prominent recent development in the medical humanities. Its central claim is that attention to narrative is essential for patient care. Solomon argues that the differences between narrative medicine and the other methods have been exaggerated, and offers a pluralistic account of how the all the methods interact and sometimes conflict. The result is both practical and theoretical suggestions for how to improve medical knowledge and understand medical controversies.
Secondary Analysis Of Electronic Health Records
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Author : MIT Critical Data
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-09
Secondary Analysis Of Electronic Health Records written by MIT Critical Data and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-09 with Medical categories.
This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients.
Data Science For Healthcare
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Author : Sergio Consoli
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-23
Data Science For Healthcare written by Sergio Consoli and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-23 with Computers categories.
This book seeks to promote the exploitation of data science in healthcare systems. The focus is on advancing the automated analytical methods used to extract new knowledge from data for healthcare applications. To do so, the book draws on several interrelated disciplines, including machine learning, big data analytics, statistics, pattern recognition, computer vision, and Semantic Web technologies, and focuses on their direct application to healthcare. Building on three tutorial-like chapters on data science in healthcare, the following eleven chapters highlight success stories on the application of data science in healthcare, where data science and artificial intelligence technologies have proven to be very promising. This book is primarily intended for data scientists involved in the healthcare or medical sector. By reading this book, they will gain essential insights into the modern data science technologies needed to advance innovation for both healthcare businesses and patients. A basic grasp of data science is recommended in order to fully benefit from this book.
Data Mining And Medical Knowledge Management Cases And Applications
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Author : Berka, Petr
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2009-02-28
Data Mining And Medical Knowledge Management Cases And Applications written by Berka, Petr and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-28 with Computers categories.
The healthcare industry produces a constant flow of data, creating a need for deep analysis of databases through data mining tools and techniques resulting in expanded medical research, diagnosis, and treatment. Data Mining and Medical Knowledge Management: Cases and Applications presents case studies on applications of various modern data mining methods in several important areas of medicine, covering classical data mining methods, elaborated approaches related to mining in electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram data, and methods related to mining in genetic data. A premier resource for those involved in data mining and medical knowledge management, this book tackles ethical issues related to cost-sensitive learning in medicine and produces theoretical contributions concerning general problems of data, information, knowledge, and ontologies.
Clinical Text Mining
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Author : Hercules Dalianis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-14
Clinical Text Mining written by Hercules Dalianis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-14 with Computers categories.
This open access book describes the results of natural language processing and machine learning methods applied to clinical text from electronic patient records. It is divided into twelve chapters. Chapters 1-4 discuss the history and background of the original paper-based patient records, their purpose, and how they are written and structured. These initial chapters do not require any technical or medical background knowledge. The remaining eight chapters are more technical in nature and describe various medical classifications and terminologies such as ICD diagnosis codes, SNOMED CT, MeSH, UMLS, and ATC. Chapters 5-10 cover basic tools for natural language processing and information retrieval, and how to apply them to clinical text. The difference between rule-based and machine learning-based methods, as well as between supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, are also explained. Next, ethical concerns regarding the use of sensitive patient records for research purposes are discussed, including methods for de-identifying electronic patient records and safely storing patient records. The book’s closing chapters present a number of applications in clinical text mining and summarise the lessons learned from the previous chapters. The book provides a comprehensive overview of technical issues arising in clinical text mining, and offers a valuable guide for advanced students in health informatics, computational linguistics, and information retrieval, and for researchers entering these fields.
Dealing With Medical Knowledge
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Author : E. Carson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Dealing With Medical Knowledge written by E. Carson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Medical categories.
In a systematic and clear manner, the authors discuss the problems associated with clinical decision making and explore the current methods to solve them. In this monograph, they examine the results of combining the classical control system approach with the symbolic approaches which have been central to developments in artificial intelligence. Well illustrated with case studies, this volume will prove to be an invaluable resource to system scientists, engineers, computer scientists, and members of the medical community.
Commonsense Reasoning
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Author : Erik T. Mueller
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 2006-01-19
Commonsense Reasoning written by Erik T. Mueller and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-19 with Computers categories.
To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world. Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states. The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus. Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall. Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves. Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.
Discovery And Representation Of Causal Relationships From A Large Time Oriented Clinical Database The Rx Project
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Author : R. L. Blum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-12
Discovery And Representation Of Causal Relationships From A Large Time Oriented Clinical Database The Rx Project written by R. L. Blum and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-12 with Medical categories.
As a hospital physician it is impossible to escape the notion that the difficult medical problems one encounters are also being confronted by other' physicians throughout the world. It is equally apparent that without special effort one's own patient observations will not be shared with others. Without the medical literature there would be almost no meaningful shadng of experience. Medical textbooks and journals contain reports of the latest tests and treatments. from university hospitals and research centers. There are, however, definite limitations to the medical literature. First. the literature records only a miniscule and highly select portion of medical experience. Second, because of this selectivity, it may be difficult to apply the findings and recommendations in the literature to one's own patients. One serious consequence of these characteristics of the medical literature is that patients are largely overtreated. Tests and treatments are over-prescribed, and adverse effe
Temporal Information Systems In Medicine
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Author : Carlo Combi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-05-25
Temporal Information Systems In Medicine written by Carlo Combi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-25 with Computers categories.
Temporal Information Systems in Medicine introduces the engineering of information systems for medically-related problems and applications. The chapters are organized into four parts; fundamentals, temporal reasoning & maintenance in medicine, time in clinical tasks, and the display of time-oriented clinical information. The chapters are self-contained with pointers to other relevant chapters or sections in this book when necessary. Time is of central importance and is a key component of the engineering process for information systems. This book is designed as a secondary text or reference book for upper -undergraduate level students and graduate level students concentrating on computer science, biomedicine and engineering. Industry professionals and researchers working in health care management, information systems in medicine, medical informatics, database management and AI will also find this book a valuable asset.