From The Sultan To Atat Rk
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From The Sultan To Atat Rk
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Author : Andrew Mango
language : en
Publisher: Haus Publishing
Release Date : 2010-09-14
From The Sultan To Atat Rk written by Andrew Mango and has been published by Haus Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-14 with History categories.
World War I sounded the death knell of empires. The forces of disintegration affected several empires simultaneously. To that extent they were impersonal. But prudent statesmen could delay the death of empires, rulers such as Emperor Franz Josef II of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Sultan Abdü'lhamid II. Adventurous rulers - Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and Enver Pasha in the Ottoman Empire - hastened it. Enver's decision to enter the war on the side of Germany destroyed the Ottoman state. It may have been doomed in any case, but he was the agent of its doom. The last Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin thought he could salvage the Ottoman state in something like its old form. But Vahdettin and his ministers could not succeed because the victorious Allies had decided on the final partition of the Ottoman state. The chief proponent of partition was Lloyd George, heir to the Turcophobe tradition of British liberals, who fell under the spell of the Greek irredentist politician Venizelos. With these two in the lead, the Allies sought to impose partition on the Sultan's state. When the Sultan sent his emissaries to the Paris peace conference they could not win a reprieve. The Treaty of Sèvres which the Sultan's government signed put an end to Ottoman independence. The Treaty of Sèvres was not ratified. Turkish nationalists, with military officers in the lead, defied the Allies, who promptly broke ranks, each one trying to win concessions for himself at the expense of the others. Mustafa Kemal emerged as the leader of the military resistance. Diplomacy allowed Mustafa Kemal to isolate his people's enemies: Greek and Armenian irredentists. Having done so, he defeated them by force of arms. In effect, the defeat of the Ottoman empire in the First World War was followed by the Turks' victory in two separate wars: a brief military campaign against the Armenians and a long one against the Greeks. Lausanne—where General Ismet succeeded in securing peace on Turkey's terms—was the founding charter of the modern Turkish nation state. But more than that it showed that empires could no longer rule peoples against their wishes. This need not be disastrous: Mustafa Kemal demonstrated that the interests of developed countries were compatible with those of developing ones. He fought the West in order to become like it. Where his domestic critics wanted to go on defying the West, Mustafa Kemal saw that his country could fare best in cooperation with the West.
Fall Of The Sultanate
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Author : Ryan Gingeras
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-03-24
Fall Of The Sultanate written by Ryan Gingeras and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-24 with History categories.
The collapse of the Ottoman Empire was by no means a singular event. After six hundred years of ruling over the peoples of North Africa, the Balkans and Middle East, the death throes of sultanate encompassed a series of wars, insurrections, and revolutions spanning the early twentieth century. This volume encompasses a full accounting of the political, economic, social, and international forces that brought about the passing of the Ottoman state. In surveying the many tragedies that transpired in the years between 1908 and 1922, Fall of the Sultanate explores the causes that eventually led so many to view the legacy of the Ottomans with loathing and resentment. The volume provides a retelling of this critical history as seen through the eyes of those who lived through the Ottoman collapse. Drawing upon a large gamut of sources in multiple languages, Ryan Gingeras strikes a critical balance in presenting and interpreting the most impactful experiences that shaped the lives of the empire's last generation. The story presented here takes into account the perspectives of the empire's diverse population as well as the leaders who piloted the state to its end. In surveying the personal, communal and national struggles that defined Italy's invasion of Libya, the Balkan War, the Great War, and the Turkish War of Independence, Fall of the Sultanate presents readers with a fresh and comprehensive exposition of how and why Ottoman imperial rule ended in bloodshed and disillusionment.
Eternal Dawn
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Author : Ryan Gingeras
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-11-07
Eternal Dawn written by Ryan Gingeras and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-07 with History categories.
Amid the tensions and uncertainties that plagued the globe before the Second World War, the Republic of Turkey appeared to many as a unique and constructive model for how a state was to be reformed and governed in the modern era. For many interwar observers, Turkey was a country that seemed to have radically transformed itself into a nation that was united, strong, and progressive, one that was unburdened by its past. A general consensus held that Turkey's founding president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was the chief architect and engineer of this feat, a belief that placed him among the greatest reforming statesmen in world history. This general perception of Atatürk and his revolutionary rule has largely endured to this day. As a study grounded in largely untapped archival and scholarly sources, Eternal Dawn presents a definitive look inside the development and evolution of Atatürk's Turkey. Rather than presenting the country's founding and transformation as an extension of Mustafa Kemal's life and achievements, scholar Ryan Gingeras presents Turkey's early years as the culmination of a variety of social and political forces dating back to the late Ottoman Empire. Eternal Dawn presses beyond the reigning mythology that still envelops this period and challenges many of the standing assumptions about the limits, successes, and consequences of the reforms that comprised Mustafa Kemal's revolution. Through a detailed survey of social and political conditions that defined life in the capital as well as Turkey's diverse provinces, Gingeras lays bare many of the harsh realities and bitter legacies incurred as a result of the republic's establishment and transformation. Atatürk's revolution, upon final analysis, destroyed as much as it built, and established precedents that both strengthen and torment the country to this day.
Atat Rk
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Author : Andrew Mango
language : en
Publisher: Abrams
Release Date : 2002-08-26
Atat Rk written by Andrew Mango and has been published by Abrams this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08-26 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
A “superlative [and] exhaustively researched” biography of “one of the most complex and controversial figures in twentieth-century world history” (Library Journal). Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was virtually unknown until 1919, when he took the lead in thwarting the victorious Allies’ plan to partition the Turkish core of the Ottoman Empire. He divided the Allies, defeated the last Sultan, and secured the territory of the Turkish national state, becoming the first president of the new republic in 1923, fast creating his own legend. This revealing portrait of Atatürk throws light on matters of great importance today—resurgent nationalism, religious fundamentalism, and the reality of democracy. “One of the world’s most respected specialists on Turkey.” —The New York Times “Mango gives this man, one of the least-known nation-builders of the last century, full treatment, from his earliest days to his ascension to power and his death, from cirrhosis at the age of 57. Few leaders have so modernized an ancient society, instituting radical changes in dress, religion, government, education—even the alphabet . . . Mango’s admiration for Ataturk doesn’t keep him from displaying the dictator’s arrogance, ruthlessness and authoritarianism; his Turkish expertise enables him to flesh out Ataturk’s complex life via sources he translated himself . . . a rounded, finely detailed portrait.” —Publishers Weekly “Thanks to Andrew Mango’s new biography, the best in the English language, a man both demonized and idolized appears to us in three dimensions.” —The Washington Post “A superb biography.” —Dallas Morning News “The best concise account I have ever seen of the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The narrative is gripping.” —Geoffrey Lewis, author of Modern Turkey
Languages Of Dress In The Middle East
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Author : Bruce Ingham
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-03
Languages Of Dress In The Middle East written by Bruce Ingham and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-03 with Social Science categories.
Considers how the languages of dress in the region connect with other social practices, and with political and religious conformity in particular. Treating cases as diverse as practices of veiling in Oman and dress reform laws in Turkey, these ethnographic studies extend from Malta to the ME and Caucasus.
Standard Catalog Of World Paper Money Modern Issues
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Author : George S. Cuhaj
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2010-05-12
Standard Catalog Of World Paper Money Modern Issues written by George S. Cuhaj and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-12 with Antiques & Collectibles categories.
This 16th edition of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, Modern Issues features bank notes issued on a national basis from 1961 to present. It is the largest and most comprehensive English language catalog and retail price guide of world bank notes. This new edition offers: • More than 19,100 variety listings and more than 12,250 bank note illustrations for easy identification. • Current retail pricing in two commonly available grades. • Helpful collector information, numeral charts, bank note signature charts, and a variety of indexes for correct identifications. With the assistance of more than 80 international bank note collectors and dealers, editor George S. Cuhaj makes this edition of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, Modern Issues the one-stop resource that you need for proper identification, description and valuation of modern bank notes in your collection, or ones that could be.
The Turks Today
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Author : Andrew Mango
language : en
Publisher: John Murray
Release Date : 2011-06-23
The Turks Today written by Andrew Mango and has been published by John Murray this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-23 with History categories.
Eighty years have passed since Mustafa Kemal Ataturk founded the Turkish Republic out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire and set it on the path of modernisation. He was determined that his country should be accepted as a member of the family of civilised nations. Today Turkey is a rapidly developing country, an emergent market and a medium-sized regional power with the second strongest army in NATO. It is an open country which attracts millions of tourists, thousands of foreign businessmen and hundreds of researchers. They enjoy Turkish hospitality and experience its rich landscape and history, but many find it hard to form an overall picture of the country. In this sequel to his acclaimed biography of Ataturk, Andrew Mango provides such an overall portrait, tracing the republic's development since the death of its founder and bringing to life the Turkish people and their vibrant society. The Turks Today interprets the latest academic research for a broader audience, making this highly readable book the authoritative work on modern Turkey.
The Sultan And His Subjects
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Author : Richard Davey
language : en
Publisher: London : Chapman and Hall, Limited
Release Date : 1897
The Sultan And His Subjects written by Richard Davey and has been published by London : Chapman and Hall, Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1897 with Sultans categories.
Happy Arabia
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Author : Charles Saint-Prot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Happy Arabia written by Charles Saint-Prot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Arab nationalism categories.
Hundred Year Old Synagogue In Yu Ksekkald R M Ashkenazi Jews
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Author : Erdal Frayman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Hundred Year Old Synagogue In Yu Ksekkald R M Ashkenazi Jews written by Erdal Frayman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Ashkenazim categories.
Ashkenazim; synagogues; Turkey; Istanbul; history.