From Zarathustra To Khomeini
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From Zarathustra To Khomeini
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Author : Manochehr Dorraj
language : en
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Pub
Release Date : 1990
From Zarathustra To Khomeini written by Manochehr Dorraj and has been published by Lynne Rienner Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with History categories.
Shedding new light on the sources and character of Iran's 1979 Revolution, Manochehr Dorraj explores the genesis and development of popular movements and dissent in Iranian history. Dorraj draws on Iran's pre-Islamic religious culture and on its legacy of Islamic folk heroes and the millenarian movements, as well as on more recent history, to illuminate current events. His investigation of the peculiarities of Islam, of populism, and of Iranian social development is a major contribution to the ongoing debate regarding the essence of the Iranian revolution and, more generally, the political dynamics underlying social change in the Middle East.
I Persiani
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Author : Gerhard Schweizer
language : it
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
I Persiani written by Gerhard Schweizer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
In Search Of Zarathustra
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Author : Paul Kriwaczek
language : en
Publisher: Vintage
Release Date : 2007-12-18
In Search Of Zarathustra written by Paul Kriwaczek and has been published by Vintage this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-18 with Religion categories.
Long before the first Hebrew temple, before the birth of Christ or the mission of Muhammad, there lived in Persia a prophet to whom we owe the ideas of a single god, the cosmic struggle between good and evil, and the Apocalypse. His name was Zarathustra, and his teachings eventually held sway from the Indus to the Nile and spread as far as Britain. Following Zarathustra’s elusive trail back through time and across the Islamic, Christian, and Jewish worlds, Paul Kriwaczek uncovers his legacy at a wedding ceremony in present-day Central Asia, in the Cathar heresy of medieval France, and among the mystery cults of the Roman empire. He explores pre-Muslim Iran and Central Asia, ultimately bringing us face to face with the prophet himself, a teacher whose radical humility shocked and challenged his age, and whose teachings have had an enduring effect on Western thought. The result is a tour de force of travel and historical inquiry by an adventurer in the classic tradition.
Khomeini S Warriors
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Author : Mehran Riazaty
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2016-05-11
Khomeini S Warriors written by Mehran Riazaty and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-11 with Political Science categories.
This book analyzes Ayatollah Khomeinis ideology, Irans official and unofficial armed forces, and its allies throughout the world and provides photographs of the regimes predominant actors. Since 1892, the Shia clergy has played a major role in Iran, such as the tobacco boycott, which led to the withdrawal of the concession given by the Shah to British citizens, Irans Constitutional Revolution of 1906, as well as organizing opposition to the Shahs policies in the 1979 revolution. Ayatollah Khomeini was a lecturer at Hawza Ilmiyya (Shia seminary of traditional Islamic school of higher learning) of Najaf and Qom for decades before he came on to the Iranian political scene. In 1977, Khomeini assumed the mantle of leadership within the Islamist opposition after the death of Ali Shariati, a leftist intellectual and one of the most influential Iranian Muslim thinkers of his generation. In 1930, Shariati contributed a new line of thinking in Iran, through his reinterpretation of jihad and shahadat (martyrdom), which was presented in his view of an authentic Islam. Shariatis new authentic Islam centered on a reinterpretation of the story of Karbala, where Imam Hussein was martyred in a battle, refusing to pledge allegiance to Yazid, the Umayyad caliph. Shariati borrowed the Christian concept of martyrdom from the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus as the basis of his new Islamic philosophy. Shariati wrote that when faced with the possibility of ones own death, one must adopt an attitude of freedom-toward-death and thereby experience authentic living. In 1978, Ayatollah Khomeinis reinterpretation of Shia rituals removed the borders between the audience and the actors, turning the entire country into a stage for his casting. He imbued the old passion of the story of Karbala with a new passionate hatred for the Shahs unjust rule in Iran, as well as Israels and the United Statess influences within the world. Khomeinis memory of Dr. Mohammed Mosaddegh, whose government was toppled by the CIA in 1953, returning the Shah to Iran, resulted in the rise of various political groups such as nationalists, liberals, secularists, and Marxists. These groups were essential in assisting Khomeinis overthrow of the Shah, though they were soon stomped out by the creation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in May 1979 in order to protect Khomeinis unique brand of a Shia Islamic Revolution. The Iran-Iraq War initiated the rapid expansion of the IRGCs size and capabilities. In September 1980, the IRGC had only 30,000 men in lightly armed units. Prior to the war, the IRGC personnel were very young in age and had little to no military experience. By the summer of 1981, the IRGC had organized basic training centers with experienced commanders and a select group of regular officers. They also had 50,000 members, and its strength would jump to 100,000 in 1983 and 250,000 in 1985. In order to meet all its manpower needs on the Iraq war front, the IRGC then turned to its volunteer militia, the Basij. The Basij members provided more troops than the IRGC could arm. The average Basij member came from Irans rural areas and can be described as poor, uneducated, and ranged in age from twelve to thirty years old. Like the IRGC, the Basij members are motivated by both religion and ideology. After the Iran-Iraq War, the IRGC focused on external threats as the Basij increased its involvement in domestic affairs. In past years, the Basij militia has been active in controlling public gatherings and disrupting demonstrations by civil or student activists.
Iran Empire Of The Mind
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Author : Michael Axworthy
language : en
Publisher: ePenguin
Release Date : 2008-11-06
Iran Empire Of The Mind written by Michael Axworthy and has been published by ePenguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-06 with History categories.
Michael Axworthy traces a vivid, integrated account of Iran's past. He explains clearly and carefully both the complex succession of dynasties that ruled ancient Iran and the surprising ethnic diversity of the modern country, held together by a common culture.
Persien Drehscheibe Der Kulturen
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Author : Gerhard Schweizer
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Persien Drehscheibe Der Kulturen written by Gerhard Schweizer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Iran categories.
A Lebanon Defied
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Author : Majed Halawi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-04-05
A Lebanon Defied written by Majed Halawi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-05 with Political Science categories.
A Lebanon Defied focuses on the constitutive role of the Shi'a masses in the movement led by Sayyid Musa al-Sadr in Lebanon. It explores the origins of this Shi'a movement and its determination to become a major participant in a sharply reformed Lebanese polity. .
Roman Catholics And Shi I Muslims
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Author : James A. Bill
language : en
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
Release Date : 2003-08-01
Roman Catholics And Shi I Muslims written by James A. Bill and has been published by Univ of North Carolina Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-01 with Religion categories.
This timely work explores two influential religious traditions that might seem to have little in common: Twelver Shi'i Islam and Roman Catholicism. With the worldwide rise of religious fundamentalism, it is imperative that religious movements such as Chri
Imagining Iran
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Author : Majid Sharifi
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2013-08-22
Imagining Iran written by Majid Sharifi and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-22 with Political Science categories.
Thematically, this book problematizes Iranian official nationalism. It reviews how every modern Iranian regime since the constitutional revolution of the 1905-06 has failed to legitimize its official identity, resulting in the fall of five different regimes. The book details how the collapse of each regime resulted in the interruption of the official meaning of being Iranian, as well as the meanings of its enemies. What remained the same was how every Iranian regime represented itself as the agent of a particular national desire defined in terms of making Iran to become sovereign, developed, democratic, and constitutional. Nonetheless, no regime was able to convince a great majority of the people that it achieved what it represented. This book makes three specific contributions. The first contribution is pedagogical. By focusing on the dynamics of regime changes, it provides a heuristic model for identifying challenges that all Iranian regimes have faced. Moreover, the book is a comprehensive review of the disruptive, oppressive, and bloody nature of the rise and fall of different regimes. The second contribution is theoretical. Rather than examining the behavior of various Iranian regimes in isolation from their international context, the book examines how each regime got to understand itself in relations to its imperial others. By examining the governmental rationality of each regime, the book offers a better theoretical framework for understanding political development not only in Iran, but also in all other Middle Eastern and South Asian states. Finally, the third contribution of this book is its critical approach to the main body of the literature on Iran, modernity, development, democracy, and constitutionalism.
North Korea Iran And The Challenge To International Order
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Author : Patrick McEachern
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-08-23
North Korea Iran And The Challenge To International Order written by Patrick McEachern and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-23 with Political Science categories.
This book examines and compares the political situations in North Korea and Iran, and the contemporary security challenges posed by their illicit nuclear aspirations. While government officials, including a series of American presidents, strategic policy documents and outside analysts have repeatedly noted that North Korea and Iran occupy a similar challenge, the commonality has largely been left unexplored. This book argues that North Korea and Iran are uniquely common in the world today in their illicit nuclear aspirations in violation of their legal commitments made under the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The work evaluates alternative arguments, some of which sustain that the two states should be grouped together based on other metrics, such as nuclear powers that sponsor terrorist organizations or nuclear states that violate human rights, and find alternative explanations do not hold up to empirical scrutiny. Drawing on newly declassified documents and Iranian and North Korean sources, the book provides a comprehensive and comparative assessment of the two states’ social, historical, economic, and domestic political structures and situation to make these determinations. Furthermore, it reviews the nuclear issue stemming from Iran and North Korea and the efforts to constrain these programs. The book concludes with specific policy recommendations that apply diplomatic lessons learned from dealing with Iran to North Korea and vice versa. This book will be of interest to students of nuclear proliferation, international security, foreign policy and International Relations.