Fundamental Limits In Data Privacy
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Fundamental Limits In Data Privacy
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Author : Weina Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Fundamental Limits In Data Privacy written by Weina Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Big data categories.
Data privacy is emerging as one of the most serious concerns of big data analytics, particularly with the growing use of personal data and the ever-improving capability of data analysis. This dissertation first investigates the relation between different privacy notions, and then puts the main focus on developing economic foundations for a market model of trading private data.The first part characterizes differential privacy, identifiability and mutual-information privacy by their privacy--distortion functions, which is the optimal achievable privacy level as a function of the maximum allowable distortion. The results show that these notions are fundamentally related and exhibit certain consistency: (1) The gap between the privacy--distortion functions of identifiability and differential privacy is upper bounded by a constant determined by the prior. (2) Identifiability and mutual-information privacy share the same optimal mechanism. (3) The mutual-information optimal mechanism satisfies differential privacy with a level at most a constant away from the optimal level.The second part studies a market model of trading private data, where a data collector purchases private data from strategic data subjects (individuals) through an incentive mechanism. The value of epsilon units of privacy is measured by the minimum payment such that an individual's equilibrium strategy is to report data in an epsilon-differentially private manner. For the setting with binary private data that represents individuals' knowledge about a common underlying state, asymptotically tight lower and upper bounds on the value of privacy are established as the number of individuals becomes large, and the payment--accuracy tradeoff for learning the state is obtained. The lower bound assures the impossibility of using lower payment to buy epsilon units of privacy, and the upper bound is given by a designed reward mechanism. When the individuals' valuations of privacy are unknown to the data collector, mechanisms with possible negative payments (aiming to penalize individuals with "unacceptably" high privacy valuations) are designed to fulfill the accuracy goal and drive the total payment to zero. For the setting with binary private data following a general joint probability distribution with some symmetry, asymptotically optimal mechanisms are designed in the high data quality regime.
The Fundamental Limits Of Statistical Data Privacy
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Author : Peter Kairouz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Fundamental Limits Of Statistical Data Privacy written by Peter Kairouz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Protecting Individuals Against The Negative Impact Of Big Data
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Author : Manon Oostveen
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2018-07-13
Protecting Individuals Against The Negative Impact Of Big Data written by Manon Oostveen and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-13 with Law categories.
In the contemporary information society, organisations increasingly rely on the collection and analysis of large-scale data (popularly called ‘big data’) to make decisions. These processes, which take place largely beyond the individual’s knowledge, produce a cascade of effects that go beyond privacy and data protection. Should we focus on the possibilities of tackling these often negative effects through other areas of law, or maybe even find new solutions to cope with the dark side of big data? This ground-breaking book is the first to address this crucially important question in detail. Among the issues raised in the analysis are such vital elements as the following: − what is meant by ‘big data’; – ‘privacy’ according to the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union; – what the European Union legal framework on privacy and data protection consists of and how it functions in the light of big data; – what companies, governments and other organisations are permitted to do with big data under the current regulatory framework; – the central importance of personal autonomy; – circumstances that influence whether or not the right to privacy is triggered; – big data’s possible impact on democracy through, inter alia, potentially limiting freedom of expression; – how governmental or corporate surveillance chills the receiver’s gathering of information and ideas; – selective offering of choices or information, or manipulation of people’s ideas; – procedural aspects that influence the extrapolation of normative concepts of privacy and data protection; and – how discrimination occurs in big data. This book foregrounds a critical scrutiny of commercial uses of big data – its scale, its limited capacity for independent oversight and the expected prevalence of interference with individuals’ rights. The author’s conclusions explore possible legal alternatives to mitigate the negative impact of big data, using legal instruments, case law and legal academic literature in her analysis. Because the amount of digital data keeps growing and the private lives of individuals are increasingly taking place online – and because of the opacity of the big data process, the fundamental values that are at stake, and the speed of technological developments compared to the pace of legal reform – this comprehensive assessment of flaws in the current framework and possible practical solutions will be warmly welcomed by practitioners, policymakers and government officials in all legal fields related to privacy and data protection.
Fundamental Limits Of Private Information Retrieval
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Author : Hua Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Fundamental Limits Of Private Information Retrieval written by Hua Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The modern information age is heralded by exciting paradigms ranging from big data, cloud computing to internet of things. As information becomes increasingly available, privacy concerns are starting to take center-stage, especially in the communication networks that are used for information storage, repair, retrieval or transfer. The focus of this dissertation is on the private information retrieval (PIR) problem. PIR originated in theoretical computer science and cryptography, and has only recently started receiving attention in information and coding theory. PIR seeks the most efficient way for a user to retrieve a desired message from a set of N distributed servers, each of which stores all K messages, without revealing any information about which message is being retrieved to any individual server. It is a canonical problem with deep connections to a number of other prominent problems such as oblivious transfer, multiparty computation, locally decodable codes, batch codes and blind interference alignment.We will first identify the capacity of PIR, i.e., the maximum number of bits of desired information that can be privately retrieved per bit of downloaded information. This result is inspired by the discovery of an intriguing connection between PIR and blind interference alignment in wireless networks. Then we will discuss four extensions of PIR. The first extension is the TPIR problem, where we increase the privacy level, i.e., instead of requiring privacy to each individual server, we require privacy to any colluding set of up to T servers. We will characterize the capacity of TPIR and generalize the result to include robustness constraints, where we have M databases, out of which any M -- N may fail to respond. The second extension is the MDS-TPIR problem, where we further generalize the storage constraint, i.e., instead of data replication, an MDS storage code is used to store the messages. In particular, we will disprove a recent conjecture on the capacity of MDS-TPIR. The third extension is the SPIR problem, a form of oblivious transfer where the privacy constraint is extended symmetrically to protect both the user and the servers. We will identify the capacity of SPIR. The final extension is MPIR, where the user and the servers communicate in multiple rounds. We will show that multiple rounds do not increase the capacity of PIR, but reduce the storage overhead. The results will shed light into the necessity for non-linear schemes and non-Shannon information inequalities.
Is Data The New Currency In Information Society Limits To The Commodification Of Personal Data From Lawrence Lessing S Theory Of Regulation
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Author : Verena-Maria Lechner
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-07-12
Is Data The New Currency In Information Society Limits To The Commodification Of Personal Data From Lawrence Lessing S Theory Of Regulation written by Verena-Maria Lechner and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-12 with Law categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Umea University (Department of Law), Veranstaltung: Legal Challenges in the Digital Community, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: As Information Technology has made it possible to process enormous amounts of data in an efficient delocalized and omnipresent way, the scenario of data as the new currency is very likely to become a future prospect in the information society. When even powerful institutions like the European Commission state that “data has acquired enormous economic significance it is possible to guess the enormous potential coming up in this field. As enthusiastic as Google might be about this, concerns about the trade with personal data come naturally. What implies this practice for the users’ interests and their privacy? To identify the direction in which the development of this issue could go, I first try to explain what the commodification of personal data exactly means, then I identify incentives for it and show relevant examples. In the second part, I will point out limitations using Lessing’s theory of regulation through law, market and technology to answer in the end if personal data is really becoming the new currency in information society.
The Limits Of Privacy
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Author : Amitai Etzioni
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999-03-04
The Limits Of Privacy written by Amitai Etzioni and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-04 with Computers categories.
The Limits of Privacy provides citizens, policy-makers and legislators with four concise criteria with which to determine when the right of privacy should be preserved and when that right should be curbed for the public good. Combining social science, ethics and the law in drawing his conclusions, Etzioni closes his provocative book with an outline for a new legal doctrine of privacy. Regardless of the privacy issue we explore - whether that of our President or of our neighbor, of our medical records or of our e-mail - Etzioni's novel approach is sure to prove helpful.
The Fundamental Right To Data Protection
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Author : Maria Tzanou
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2017-06-01
The Fundamental Right To Data Protection written by Maria Tzanou and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-01 with Law categories.
Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, data protection has been elevated to the status of a fundamental right in the European Union and is now enshrined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights alongside the right to privacy. This timely book investigates the normative significance of data protection as a fundamental right in the EU. The first part of the book examines the scope, the content and the capabilities of data protection as a fundamental right to resolve problems and to provide for an effective protection. It discusses the current approaches to this right in the legal scholarship and the case-law and identifies the limitations that prevent it from having an added value of its own. It suggests a theory of data protection that reconstructs the understanding of this right and could guide courts and legislators on data protection issues. The second part of the book goes on to empirically test the reconstructed right to data protection in four case-studies of counter-terrorism surveillance: communications metadata, travel data, financial data and Internet data surveillance. The book will be of interest to academics, students, policy-makers and practitioners in EU law, privacy, data protection, counter-terrorism and human rights law.
The Algorithmic Foundations Of Differential Privacy
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Author : Cynthia Dwork
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Algorithmic Foundations Of Differential Privacy written by Cynthia Dwork and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Computers categories.
The problem of privacy-preserving data analysis has a long history spanning multiple disciplines. As electronic data about individuals becomes increasingly detailed, and as technology enables ever more powerful collection and curation of these data, the need increases for a robust, meaningful, and mathematically rigorous definition of privacy, together with a computationally rich class of algorithms that satisfy this definition. Differential Privacy is such a definition. The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy starts out by motivating and discussing the meaning of differential privacy, and proceeds to explore the fundamental techniques for achieving differential privacy, and the application of these techniques in creative combinations, using the query-release problem as an ongoing example. A key point is that, by rethinking the computational goal, one can often obtain far better results than would be achieved by methodically replacing each step of a non-private computation with a differentially private implementation. Despite some powerful computational results, there are still fundamental limitations. Virtually all the algorithms discussed herein maintain differential privacy against adversaries of arbitrary computational power -- certain algorithms are computationally intensive, others are efficient. Computational complexity for the adversary and the algorithm are both discussed. The monograph then turns from fundamentals to applications other than query-release, discussing differentially private methods for mechanism design and machine learning. The vast majority of the literature on differentially private algorithms considers a single, static, database that is subject to many analyses. Differential privacy in other models, including distributed databases and computations on data streams, is discussed. The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy is meant as a thorough introduction to the problems and techniques of differential privacy, and is an invaluable reference for anyone with an interest in the topic.
The Principle Of Purpose Limitation In Data Protection Laws
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Author : Maximilian von Grafenstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Principle Of Purpose Limitation In Data Protection Laws written by Maximilian von Grafenstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Data Privacy Law
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Author : Lee Andrew Bygrave
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-01
Data Privacy Law written by Lee Andrew Bygrave and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01 with Law categories.
This is the first work to examine the fundamental aims and principles of data privacy law in an international context. Bygrave analyses relevant law from across the globe, paying particular attention to international instruments and using these as a foundation for examining national law.