Fundamental Limits Of Private Information Retrieval
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Fundamental Limits Of Private Information Retrieval
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Author : Hua Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Fundamental Limits Of Private Information Retrieval written by Hua Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The modern information age is heralded by exciting paradigms ranging from big data, cloud computing to internet of things. As information becomes increasingly available, privacy concerns are starting to take center-stage, especially in the communication networks that are used for information storage, repair, retrieval or transfer. The focus of this dissertation is on the private information retrieval (PIR) problem. PIR originated in theoretical computer science and cryptography, and has only recently started receiving attention in information and coding theory. PIR seeks the most efficient way for a user to retrieve a desired message from a set of N distributed servers, each of which stores all K messages, without revealing any information about which message is being retrieved to any individual server. It is a canonical problem with deep connections to a number of other prominent problems such as oblivious transfer, multiparty computation, locally decodable codes, batch codes and blind interference alignment.We will first identify the capacity of PIR, i.e., the maximum number of bits of desired information that can be privately retrieved per bit of downloaded information. This result is inspired by the discovery of an intriguing connection between PIR and blind interference alignment in wireless networks. Then we will discuss four extensions of PIR. The first extension is the TPIR problem, where we increase the privacy level, i.e., instead of requiring privacy to each individual server, we require privacy to any colluding set of up to T servers. We will characterize the capacity of TPIR and generalize the result to include robustness constraints, where we have M databases, out of which any M -- N may fail to respond. The second extension is the MDS-TPIR problem, where we further generalize the storage constraint, i.e., instead of data replication, an MDS storage code is used to store the messages. In particular, we will disprove a recent conjecture on the capacity of MDS-TPIR. The third extension is the SPIR problem, a form of oblivious transfer where the privacy constraint is extended symmetrically to protect both the user and the servers. We will identify the capacity of SPIR. The final extension is MPIR, where the user and the servers communicate in multiple rounds. We will show that multiple rounds do not increase the capacity of PIR, but reduce the storage overhead. The results will shed light into the necessity for non-linear schemes and non-Shannon information inequalities.
Communications And Networking
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Author : Honghao Gao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-01
Communications And Networking written by Honghao Gao and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-01 with Computers categories.
This proceedings constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th EAI International Conference on Communications and Networking, ChinaCom 2020, held in November 2020 in Shanghai, China. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 54 papers presented were carefully selected from 143 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Transmission Optimization in Edge Computing; Performance and Scheduling Optimization in Edge Computing; Mobile Edge Network System; Communication Routing and Control; Transmission and Load Balancing; Edge Computing and Distributed Machine Learning; Deep Learning.
Locally Decodable Codes And Private Information Retrieval Schemes
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Author : Sergey Yekhanin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-02
Locally Decodable Codes And Private Information Retrieval Schemes written by Sergey Yekhanin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-02 with Computers categories.
Locally decodable codes (LDCs) are codes that simultaneously provide efficient random access retrieval and high noise resilience by allowing reliable reconstruction of an arbitrary bit of a message by looking at only a small number of randomly chosen codeword bits. Local decodability comes with a certain loss in terms of efficiency – specifically, locally decodable codes require longer codeword lengths than their classical counterparts. Private information retrieval (PIR) schemes are cryptographic protocols designed to safeguard the privacy of database users. They allow clients to retrieve records from public databases while completely hiding the identity of the retrieved records from database owners. In this book the author provides a fresh algebraic look at the theory of locally decodable codes and private information retrieval schemes, obtaining new families of each which have much better parameters than those of previously known constructions, and he also proves limitations of two server PIRs in a restricted setting that covers all currently known schemes. The author's related thesis won the ACM Dissertation Award in 2007, and this book includes some expanded sections and proofs, and notes on recent developments.
Fundamental Limits In Data Privacy
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Author : Weina Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Fundamental Limits In Data Privacy written by Weina Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Big data categories.
Data privacy is emerging as one of the most serious concerns of big data analytics, particularly with the growing use of personal data and the ever-improving capability of data analysis. This dissertation first investigates the relation between different privacy notions, and then puts the main focus on developing economic foundations for a market model of trading private data.The first part characterizes differential privacy, identifiability and mutual-information privacy by their privacy--distortion functions, which is the optimal achievable privacy level as a function of the maximum allowable distortion. The results show that these notions are fundamentally related and exhibit certain consistency: (1) The gap between the privacy--distortion functions of identifiability and differential privacy is upper bounded by a constant determined by the prior. (2) Identifiability and mutual-information privacy share the same optimal mechanism. (3) The mutual-information optimal mechanism satisfies differential privacy with a level at most a constant away from the optimal level.The second part studies a market model of trading private data, where a data collector purchases private data from strategic data subjects (individuals) through an incentive mechanism. The value of epsilon units of privacy is measured by the minimum payment such that an individual's equilibrium strategy is to report data in an epsilon-differentially private manner. For the setting with binary private data that represents individuals' knowledge about a common underlying state, asymptotically tight lower and upper bounds on the value of privacy are established as the number of individuals becomes large, and the payment--accuracy tradeoff for learning the state is obtained. The lower bound assures the impossibility of using lower payment to buy epsilon units of privacy, and the upper bound is given by a designed reward mechanism. When the individuals' valuations of privacy are unknown to the data collector, mechanisms with possible negative payments (aiming to penalize individuals with "unacceptably" high privacy valuations) are designed to fulfill the accuracy goal and drive the total payment to zero. For the setting with binary private data following a general joint probability distribution with some symmetry, asymptotically optimal mechanisms are designed in the high data quality regime.
Introduction To Information Retrieval
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Author : Christopher D. Manning
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-07-07
Introduction To Information Retrieval written by Christopher D. Manning and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-07 with Computers categories.
Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Introduction To Privacy Enhancing Technologies
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Author : Carlisle Adams
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-30
Introduction To Privacy Enhancing Technologies written by Carlisle Adams and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-30 with Computers categories.
This textbook provides a unique lens through which the myriad of existing Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) can be easily comprehended and appreciated. It answers key privacy-centered questions with clear and detailed explanations. Why is privacy important? How and why is your privacy being eroded and what risks can this pose for you? What are some tools for protecting your privacy in online environments? How can these tools be understood, compared, and evaluated? What steps can you take to gain more control over your personal data? This book addresses the above questions by focusing on three fundamental elements: It introduces a simple classification of PETs that allows their similarities and differences to be highlighted and analyzed; It describes several specific PETs in each class, including both foundational technologies and important recent additions to the field; It explains how to use this classification to determine which privacy goals are actually achievable in a given real-world environment. Once the goals are known, this allows the most appropriate PETs to be selected in order to add the desired privacy protection to the target environment. To illustrate, the book examines the use of PETs in conjunction with various security technologies, with the legal infrastructure, and with communication and computing technologies such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Machine Learning (ML). Designed as an introductory textbook on PETs, this book is essential reading for graduate-level students in computer science and related fields, prospective PETs researchers, privacy advocates, and anyone interested in technologies to protect privacy in online environments.
Advanced Topics In Information Retrieval
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Author : Massimo Melucci
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-10
Advanced Topics In Information Retrieval written by Massimo Melucci and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-10 with Computers categories.
Information retrieval is the science concerned with the effective and efficient retrieval of documents starting from their semantic content. It is employed to fulfill some information need from a large number of digital documents. Given the ever-growing amount of documents available and the heterogeneous data structures used for storage, information retrieval has recently faced and tackled novel applications. In this book, Melucci and Baeza-Yates present a wide-spectrum illustration of recent research results in advanced areas related to information retrieval. Readers will find chapters on e.g. aggregated search, digital advertising, digital libraries, discovery of spam and opinions, information retrieval in context, multimedia resource discovery, quantum mechanics applied to information retrieval, scalability challenges in web search engines, and interactive information retrieval evaluation. All chapters are written by well-known researchers, are completely self-contained and comprehensive, and are complemented by an integrated bibliography and subject index. With this selection, the editors provide the most up-to-date survey of topics usually not addressed in depth in traditional (text)books on information retrieval. The presentation is intended for a wide audience of people interested in information retrieval: undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, lecturers, and industrial researchers.
Private Information Retrieval With Access Control
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Author : Pawan Goyal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Private Information Retrieval With Access Control written by Pawan Goyal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Private Information Retrieval (PIR) allows a user to query for a record from a remote database without revealing the query to the database server. However, PIR does not provide access control guarantees, allowing any user access to any record. Moreover, the database server cannot check access permissions through conventional techniques as they are fundamentally incompatible with PIR. In this thesis, we present Pirac--a novel framework for access control in PIR. In Pirac, only users who have permission to access a specific database record can retrieve it. Our constructions make black-box use of the underlying PIR schemes and therefore apply to both single-server and multi-server PIR. We evaluate our open-source implementation of Pirac when applied to state-of-the-art PIR schemes. For databases with roughly one million 4 KiB records, adding access control via Pirac incurs a 2.6x server-side computational overhead in single-server PIR and 3.1x in multi-server PIR, while keeping user processing and communication overheads at a minimum. We show that Pirac enables new applications of PIR, including privacy-preserving password breach lookups, multi-user databases with personal content, and private friend discovery, among others.
Querying Databases Privately
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Author : Dmitri Asonov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2005-01-14
Querying Databases Privately written by Dmitri Asonov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-14 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) play an increasingly imp- tant role in our today's activities. More and more we use the Web to buy goods and to inform ourselves about cultural, political, economical, medical, and scienti?c developments. For example, accessing?ight schedules, me- cal data, or retrieving stock information become common practice in today's world. Many people assume that there is no one who "watches" them when accessing this data. However, sensitive userswho accesselectronic shops(e-shops) might have observedthat this assumptionoften isnot true. In many cases, E-shopstrack the users'"accessbehavior"when browsingthe Web pagesof the e-shopthus deriving "accesspatterns" for individual shoppers. Therefore, this knowledge on access behavior and access patters allows the system to tailor access to Webpagesforthatusertohis/herspeci?cneedsinthefuture. Thistrackingof usersmightbeconsideredharmlessand"acceptable"inmanycases. However, in cases when this information is used to harm a person - for example about the person's health problems - or to violate his/her privacy (for example?nding out about his/her?nancial situation), he/she would like to be sure that such tracking is impossible to protect the user's rights
Theory Of Cryptography
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Author : Yael Kalai
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-04
Theory Of Cryptography written by Yael Kalai and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-04 with Computers categories.
The two-volume set LNCS 10677 and LNCS 10678 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2017, held in Baltimore, MD, USA, in November 2017. The total of 51 revised full papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 150 submissions. The Theory of Cryptography Conference deals with the paradigms, approaches, and techniques used to conceptualize natural cryptographic problems and provide algorithmic solutions to them and much more.