Fyr Macedonia
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Fyr Macedonia Green Growth Country Assessment
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Author : Erika Jorgensen and Maria Shkaratan
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Fyr Macedonia Green Growth Country Assessment written by Erika Jorgensen and Maria Shkaratan and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
This green growth country assessment for FYR Macedonia defines and assesses the economic costs and benefits of a shift to greener growth for FYR Macedonia, with a focus on climate action. Multi-sector analytic work tied together by macroeconomic modeling generated a detailed green growth path to 2050. While addressing today's economic challenges, policymakers need to keep the long-term in mind, both the likely impact of a changing climate on water, agriculture, and infrastructure and growing obligations to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This consideration is particularly important for decisions on long-lived infrastructure such as power supply, irrigation, or urban streets, water distribution, and sewers. Innovative modeling of water as a constraint on growth as the climate becomes warmer and drier quantified the tough tradeoffs that will be needed to balance competing demands from agriculture, the power sector, and municipalities and industry. A greener energy sector needs to aim at increased supply security, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and increased supply efficiency: more generation to avoid blackouts and expensive imports; lignite and oil replaced by gas and renewables in the supply mix; and aggressive energy efficiency measures in industry, buildings, and households. Providing better transport services while containing accelerating emissions growth will require better fuel efficiency, more use of rail and public transport, and an integrated approach to urban transport that maximizes local cobenefits. Urban areas, especially the capital city of Skopje hold the potential to lead on greener growth. In recent years, urban sprawl, driven by growth in the number of single family houses that use wood for heating and private cars for commuting, has pushed up the energy intensity of urban life as well as the cost of delivering infrastructure services to a less-dense community. The country also needs to plan for the impact of a changing climate on the reliability and quality of infrastructure services. Planners need to decide whether to build infrastructure to be more resilient today or wait to see what happens and spend more on maintenance and rehabilitation (or replacement) later. For FYR Macedonia, the top priorities for infrastructure adaptation over the next decade include urban drainage systems, health and education facilities and municipal buildings. The main local cobenefit of mitigation will be reduction of air pollution, which is among the highest in Europe. Particulate matter pollution from industry, the power sector, and road paving can be abated through better equipment while the other large and unusual source of air pollution--the widespread use of wood for heat by urban households--can be reduced in the near-term by more modern stoves and in the long-term by better heating options. An economy-wide macroeconomic assessment estimates the impact on growth and employment of packages of green growth actions across sectors and provides advice on priorities for public investment. Climate investments pose costs upfront but provide benefits both now and later. Adaptation interventions (which protect tomorrow’s output from climate damage) are found to be less costly to growth and employment in the short-term than mitigation measures (which reduce greenhouse gas emissions) once sector results are integrated into a general equilibrium model. Under a ‘green’ climate action scenario, moderate adaptation measures in agriculture and water and incremental expenses in the climate-proofing of physical infrastructure would amount to the equivalent of around 0.1 percent of annual GDP, while moderate mitigation measures would require the mobilization of resources constituting about one percent of annual GDP. More ambitious climate action, under a ‘super-green’ scenario, would require water sector investments that reach one percent of GDP by 2015 while mitigation investments require two percent of GDP by 2020. Green climate action would together generate short-term losses to national income of more than two percent if financing is mobilized domestically, while super-green action induces even bigger losses. However, both moderate and ambitious climate action promise a medium- to long-term boost in the level of GDP—reaching 1.5 to 2 percent by 2050.
Fyr Macedonia Strategy Overview
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Fyr Macedonia Strategy Overview written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Macedonia (Republic) categories.
Fyr Macedonia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Fyr Macedonia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Macedonia And The Macedonians
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Author : Andrew Rossos
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date : 2013-09-01
Macedonia And The Macedonians written by Andrew Rossos and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-01 with History categories.
Throughout history, every power that has aspired to dominate the Balkans, a crucial crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa, has sought to control Macedonia. But although Macedonia has figured prominently in history, its name was largely absent from the historical stage, representing only a disputed territory of indeterminate boundaries, until the nineteenth century. Successive invaders— Roman, Gothic, Hun, Slav, Ottoman— passed through or subjugated the area and incorporated it into their respective dynastic or territorial empires. This detailed volume surveys the history of Macedonia from 600 BC to the present day, with an emphasis on the past two centuries. It reveals how the "Macedonian question" has long dominated Balkan politics and how, for nearly two centuries, it was the central issue dividing Balkan peoples, as neighboring nations struggled for possession of Macedonia and denied any distinct Macedonian identity— territorial, political, ethnic, or national. The author concludes that Balkan acceptance of a Macedonian identity, nation, and state has become a necessity for stability in the Balkans and in a united Europe.
The Electricity Sector In Fyr Macedonia
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Author : Alexander F. Tieman
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-02-01
The Electricity Sector In Fyr Macedonia written by Alexander F. Tieman and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper describes the current state of the Macedonian electricity sector. It looks at ongoing structural changes, driven by the gradual adoption of the EU acquis on energy, and comes up with estimates for electricity subsidies. It concludes by discussing the longer term outlook and sketching policy options.
Doing Business With Fyr Macedonia
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Author : Liz David-Barret
language : en
Publisher: GMB Publishing, Limited
Release Date : 2009
Doing Business With Fyr Macedonia written by Liz David-Barret and has been published by GMB Publishing, Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business enterprises, Foreign categories.
EU accession may be some way off for this small south-east European state. However, since the end of inter-ethnic confrontations in the late 1990s, economic conditions have been buoyant, domestic demand robust and the political situation has been stable. This unique guide looks at the environment for foreign inward investment and the mechanics of business engagement with Macedonia.
Fyr Macedonia
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Author : European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Fyr Macedonia written by European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Macedonia categories.
Fyr Macedonia Supplier Development Pilot Program Toolkit
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Author : Weltbankgruppe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Fyr Macedonia Supplier Development Pilot Program Toolkit written by Weltbankgruppe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
A supplier development pilot program (Pilot SDP) was designed upon request from the Macedonian Government aiming to stimulate linkages between local SMEs and large foreign companies operating FYR Macedonia. The program piloted a group of targeted and coordinated interventions to support local SMEs to increase their sophistication, compete more effectively and integrate into the global and regional supply chains of the large foreign companies located in and outside the special economic zones (TIDZs). The Program was a joint effort of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). International experience suggests that SDPs can make a substantial impact in generating increased domestic value added. The Czech and Serbian experience showed that having SDP in place is a win-win for all parties involved in the process (Government, foreign investors and local companies). Countries that attract Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) but do not develop linkages do not fully benefit from FDI; SDPs are instrumental in attracting additional FDI, and thus government should promote SDPs as part of their FDI strategy.
Fyr Macedonia Green Growth Country Assessment
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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Fyr Macedonia Green Growth Country Assessment written by World Bank Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Electronic book categories.
The Macedonian Conflict
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Author : Loring M. Danforth
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1997-04-06
The Macedonian Conflict written by Loring M. Danforth and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04-06 with History categories.
Greeks and Macedonians today are engaged in a heated dispute over claims to a single identity. Anthropologist and author Loring Danforth examines the Macedonian conflict in light of contemporary theoretical work on ethnic cultural identity and the role of the state in building a nation. The conflict is set in the broader context of Balkan history and in the more narrow context of the recent disintegration of Yugoslavia.
