Galactic And Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding In Deep Space
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Galactic And Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding In Deep Space
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Author : John W. Wilson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Galactic And Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding In Deep Space written by John W. Wilson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Galactic cosmic rays categories.
Galactic And Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding In Deep Space
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019
Galactic And Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding In Deep Space written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
An analysis of the radiation hazards in support of NASA deep space exploration activities is presented. The emphasis is on materials required for radiation protection shielding. Aluminum has been found to be a poor shield material when dose equivalent is used with exposure limits for low Earth orbit (LEO) as a guide for shield requirements. Because the radiation issues are cost related-the parasitic shield mass has high launch costs, the use of aluminum as a basic construction material is clearly not cost-effective and alternate materials need to be developed. In this context, polyethylene is examined as a potentially useful material and demonstrates important advantages as an alternative to aluminum construction. Although polyethylene is useful as a shield material, it may not meet other design criteria (strength, stability, thermal); other polymer materials must be examined. Wilson, John W. and Cucinotta, Francis A. and Tai, H. and Simonsen, Lisa C. and Shinn, Judy L. and Thibeault, Shelia and Kim, M. Y. Langley Research Center NASA-TP-3682, NAS 1.60:3682, L-17634 RTOP 199-45-16-11...
Cosmic Rays At Earth
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Author : P.K.F. Grieder
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-07-27
Cosmic Rays At Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-27 with Science categories.
In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Nasa Technical Memorandum
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Nasa Technical Memorandum written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Aeronautics categories.
Managing Space Radiation Risk In The New Era Of Space Exploration
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-05-29
Managing Space Radiation Risk In The New Era Of Space Exploration written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-29 with Science categories.
As part of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA is planning for humans to revisit the Moon and someday go to Mars. An important consideration in this effort is protection against the exposure to space radiation. That radiation might result in severe long-term health consequences for astronauts on such missions if they are not adequately shielded. To help with these concerns, NASA asked the NRC to further the understanding of the risks of space radiation, to evaluate radiation shielding requirements, and recommend a strategic plan for developing appropriate mitigation capabilities. This book presents an assessment of current knowledge of the radiation environment; an examination of the effects of radiation on biological systems and mission equipment; an analysis of current plans for radiation protection; and a strategy for mitigating the risks to VSE astronauts.
Space Radiation And Astronaut Safety
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Author : Erik Seedhouse
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-04-18
Space Radiation And Astronaut Safety written by Erik Seedhouse and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-18 with Science categories.
This brief explores the biological effects of long-term radiation on astronauts in deep space. As missions progress beyond Earth's orbit and away from the protection of its magnetic shielding, astronauts risk constant exposure to higher levels of galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. The text concisely addresses the full spectrum of biomedical consequences from exposure to space radiation and goes on to present possible ways to mitigate such dangers and protect astronauts within the limitations of existing technologies.
Cosmic Rays In The Earth S Atmosphere And Underground
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Author : Lev Dorman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-19
Cosmic Rays In The Earth S Atmosphere And Underground written by Lev Dorman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-19 with Science categories.
The present monograph as well as the next one (Dorman, M2005) is a result of more than 50 years working in cosmic ray (CR) research. After graduation in December 1950 Moscow Lomonosov State University (Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics Division, the Team of Theoretical Physics), my supervisor Professor D. I. Blokhintsev planned for me, as a winner of a Red Diploma, to continue my education as an aspirant (a graduate student) to prepare for Ph. D. in his very secret Object in the framework of what was in those time called the Atomic Problem. To my regret the KGB withheld permission, and I, together with other Jewish students who had graduated Nuclear Divisions of Moscow and Leningrad Universities and Institutes, were faced with a real prospect of being without any work. It was our good fortune that at that time there was being brought into being the new Cosmic Ray Project (what at that time was also very secret, but not as secret as the Atomic Problem), and after some time we were directed to work on this Project. It was organized and headed by Prof. S. N. Vernov (President of All-Union Section of Cosmic Rays) and Prof. N. V. Pushkov (Director of IZMIRAN); Prof. E. L. Feinberg headed the theoretical part of the Project.
Solar Cosmic Rays
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Author : Leonty Miroshnichenko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-05-31
Solar Cosmic Rays written by Leonty Miroshnichenko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-05-31 with Science categories.
It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.
Technologies For Deep Space Exploration
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Author : Zezhou Sun
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-14
Technologies For Deep Space Exploration written by Zezhou Sun and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book offers readers essential insights into system design for deep space probes and describes key aspects such as system design, orbit design, telecommunication, GNC, thermal control, propulsion, aerobraking and scientific payload. Each chapter includes the basic principles, requirements analysis, procedures, equations and diagrams, as well as practical examples that will help readers to understand the research on each technology and the major concerns when it comes to developing deep space probes. An excellent reference resource for researchers and engineers interested in deep space exploration, it can also serve as a textbook for university students and those at institutes involved in aerospace.
Icrp Publication 123
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Author : ICRP,
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications Limited
Release Date : 2013-08-26
Icrp Publication 123 written by ICRP, and has been published by SAGE Publications Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-26 with Science categories.
During their occupational activities in space, astronauts are exposed to ionising radiation from natural radiation sources present in this environment. They are, however, not usually classified as being occupationally exposed in the sense of the general ICRP system for radiation protection of workers applied on Earth. The exposure assessment and risk-related approach described in this report is clearly restricted to the special situation in space, and should not be applied to any other exposure situation on Earth. The report describes the terms and methods used to assess the radiation exposure of astronauts, and provides data for the assessment of organ doses.