Gender Inequality And Economic Growth Evidence From Industry Level Data
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Gender Inequality And Economic Growth Evidence From Industry Level Data
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Author : Ata Can Bertay
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-07-03
Gender Inequality And Economic Growth Evidence From Industry Level Data written by Ata Can Bertay and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-03 with Social Science categories.
We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.
Inequality Gender Gaps And Economic Growth
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Author : Ms.Dalia Hakura
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-06-08
Inequality Gender Gaps And Economic Growth written by Ms.Dalia Hakura and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-08 with Business & Economics categories.
A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that inequality—income or gender related—can impede economic growth. Using dynamic panel regressions and new time series data, this paper finds that both income and gender inequalities, including from legal gender-based restrictions, are jointly negatively associated with per capita GDP growth. Examining the relationship for countries at different stages of development, we find that this effect prevails mainly in lower income countries. In particular, per capita income growth in sub-Saharan Africa could be higher by as much as 0.9 percentage points on average if inequality was reduced to the levels observed in the fastgrowing emerging Asian countries. High levels of income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa appear partly driven by structural features. However, the paper’s findings show that policies that influence the opportunities of low-income households and women to participate in economic activities also matter and, therefore, if well-designed and targeted, could play a role in alleviating inequalities.
The Effects Of Wealth And Gender Inequality On Economic Growth
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Author : David Kucera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
The Effects Of Wealth And Gender Inequality On Economic Growth written by David Kucera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Economic development categories.
Gender Equality And Economic Diversification
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Author : Romina Kazandjian
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-07-14
Gender Equality And Economic Diversification written by Romina Kazandjian and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-14 with Social Science categories.
We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than for boys, harm diversification by constraining the potential pool of human capital available in an economy. Second, gender gaps in the labor market impede the development of new ideas by decreasing the efficiency of the labor force. Our empirical estimates support these hypotheses, providing evidence that gender-friendly policies could help countries diversify their economies.
Excerpt Women Work And Economic Growth
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Author : Ms.Kalpana Kochhar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-09-09
Excerpt Women Work And Economic Growth written by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-09 with Social Science categories.
This paper analyzes various linkages and interconnections between gender inequality and the macroeconomy. The prevalence of gender inequality, particularly the presence of gender gaps in the labor force and in economic opportunities, can weigh on and impede inclusive growth. The precise nature of gender gaps varies, but in the majority of countries there are differences between men and women in decision-making power, economic participation, access to opportunities, and social norms and expectations. The analysis shows that gender gaps in pay and in access to resources, occupations, and credit, among other things, not only have negative microeconomic effects on women but also imply large costs for the aggregate economy. Differences in economic outcomes may be a consequence of unequal opportunities and enabling conditions for men and women and for boys and girls. Raising female participation could provide an important boost to growth, but women face two hurdles in participating in the workforce in Japan.
Gender And Macroeconomic Policy
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Author : Raj Nallari
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-01-05
Gender And Macroeconomic Policy written by Raj Nallari and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-05 with Social Science categories.
Mainstream economic analysis has traditionally overlooked gender. The individual the basic category of analysis was regarded as genderless. Neither gender discrimination nor segmentation and segregation within the labor market or within the household was present. Contributions from development theory, new household economics (NHE), labor economics, and feminist analysis have done much to change this. Focusing on gender equality by which we mean equality in opportunity, inputs, and outcome has yielded important insights for the growth and development of an economy. But we are still at the cusp. While there have been huge improvements in recognizing gender as an analytical category at the microeconomic level, the macroeconomic implications of gender equality remain undeveloped. Engendering macroeconomics is an important and valid research and policy area. Over the past three decades, economic development has generally affected women differently than men in the developing world. At the same time, gender relations have affected macroeconomic outcomes. This volume examines the research and policy implications of engendering macroeconomic policy.
Catalyst For Change
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Author : Mr.Christian Gonzales
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-10-22
Catalyst For Change written by Mr.Christian Gonzales and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-22 with Business & Economics categories.
This study shows empirically that gender inequality and income inequality are strongly interlinked, even after controlling for standard drivers of income inequality. The study analyzes gender inequality by using and extending the United Nation’s Gender Inequality Index (GII) to cover two decades for almost 140 countries,. The main finding is that an increase in the GII from perfect gender equality to perfect inequality is associated with an almost 10 points higher net Gini coefficient. For advanced countries, with higher gender equity in opportunities, income inequality arises mainly through gender gaps in economic participation. For emerging market and developing countries, inequality of opportunity, in particular in education and health, appear to pose larger obstacles to income equality.
China S Rebalancing And Gender Inequality
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-05-11
China S Rebalancing And Gender Inequality written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion
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Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-10-09
Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-09 with Business & Economics categories.
While progress has been made in increasing female labor force participation (FLFP) in the last 20 years, large gaps remain. The latest Fund research shows that improving gender diversity can result in larger economic gains than previously thought. Indeed, gender diversity brings benefits all its own. Women bring new skills to the workplace. This may reflect social norms and their impact on upbringing and social interactions, or underlying differences in risk preference and response to incentives for example. As such, there is an economic benefit from diversity, that is from bringing women into the labor force, over and above the benefit resulting from more (male) workers. The study finds that male and female labor are imperfect substitutes in production, and therefore gender differences in the labor force matter. The results also imply that standard models, which ignore such differences, understate the favorable impact of gender inclusion on growth, and misattribute to technology a part of growth that is actually caused by women’s participation. The study further suggests that narrowing gender gaps benefits both men and women, because of a boost to male wages from higher FLFP. The paper also examines the role of women in the process of sectoral reallocation from traditional agriculture to services and the resulting effect on productivity and growth. Because FLFP is relatively high in services, sectoral reallocation along development paths serves to boost gender parity and productivity.
Women Work And Economic Growth
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Author : Ms.Kalpana Kochhar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-02-15
Women Work And Economic Growth written by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Women make up a little over half of the world’s population, but their contribution to measured economic activity and growth is far below its potential. Despite significant progress in recent decades, labor markets across the world remain divided along gender lines, and progress toward gender equality seems to have stalled. The challenges of growth, job creation, and inclusion are closely intertwined. This volume brings together key research by IMF economists on issues related to gender and macroeconomics. In addition to providing policy prescriptions and case studies from IMF member countries, the chapters also look at the gender gap from an economic point of view.