Gender Inequality And Wages
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Gender Inequality And Wages
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Author : Francine D. Blau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Gender Inequality And Wages written by Francine D. Blau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Equal pay for equal work categories.
"In all Western societies women earn lower wages on average than men. The gender wage gap has existed for many years, although there have been some important changes over time. This volume of collected papers contains extensive research on progress made by women in the labor market, and the characteristics and causes of remaining gender inequalities. It also covers other dimensions of inequality and their interplay with gender, such as family formation, wellbeing, race, and immigrant status. The author was awarded the 2010 IZA Prize in Labor Economics for this research. Part I comprises an Introduction by the Editors. Part II probes and quantifies the explanations for the gender wage gap, including differential choices made in the labor market by men and women as well as labor market discrimination and employment segregation. It also delineates how the gender wage gap has decreased over time in the United States and suggests explanations for this narrowing of the gap and the more recent slowdown in wage convergence. Part III considers international differences in the gender wage gap and wage inequality and the relationship between the two. Part IV considers a variety of indicators of gender inequality and how they have changed over time in the United States, painting a picture of significant gains in women's relative status across a number of dimensions. It also considers the trends in female labor supply and what they indicate about changing gender roles in the United States and considers a successful intervention designed to increase the relative success of academic women. Part V focuses on inequality by race and immigrant status. It considers not only race difference in wages and the differential progress made by African-American women and men in reducing the race wage gap, but also race differences in wealth which are considerably larger than differences in wages. It also examines immigrant-native differences in the use of transfer payments, and the impact of gender roles in immigrant source countries on immigrant women's labor market assimilation in the U.S. labor market."--Publisher.
Gender Inequality And Wages
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Author : Francine D. Blau
language : en
Publisher: IZA Prize in Labor Economics
Release Date : 2016-06-30
Gender Inequality And Wages written by Francine D. Blau and has been published by IZA Prize in Labor Economics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-30 with Business & Economics categories.
In all Western societies women earn lower wages on average than men. The gender wage gap has existed for many years, although there have been some important changes over time. This volume of collected papers contains extensive research on progress made by women in the labor market, and the characteristics and causes of remaining gender inequalities. It also covers other dimensions of inequality and their interplay with gender, such as family formation, wellbeing, race, and immigrant status. The author was awarded the 2010 IZA Prize in Labor Economics for this research. Part I comprises an Introduction by the Editors. Part II probes and quantifies the explanations for the gender wage gap, including differential choices made in the labor market by men and women as well as labor market discrimination and employment segregation. It also delineates how the gender wage gap has decreased over time in the United States and suggests explanations for this narrowing of the gap and the more recent slowdown in wage convergence. Part III considers international differences in the gender wage gap and wage inequality and the relationship between the two. Part IV considers a variety of indicators of gender inequality and how they have changed over time in the United States, painting a picture of significant gains in women's relative status across a number of dimensions. It also considers the trends in female labor supply and what they indicate about changing gender roles in the United States and considers a successful intervention designed to increase the relative success of academic women. Part V focuses on inequality by race and immigrant status. It considers not only race difference in wages and the differential progress made by African-American women and men in reducing the race wage gap, but also race differences in wealth which are considerably larger than differences in wages. It also examines immigrant-native differences in the use of transfer payments, and the impact of gender roles in immigrant source countries on immigrant women's labor market assimilation in the U.S. labor market.
Legalizing Gender Inequality
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Author : Robert L. Nelson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-05-28
Legalizing Gender Inequality written by Robert L. Nelson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Legalizing Gender Inequality challenges existing theories of gender-based pay inequality. The book argues that earnings differentials cannot be explained adequately by market forces or society-wide sexism and that the court's reliance upon these theories has tended to legitimate and to legalize a crucial dimension of gender inequality.
The Gender Wage Gap
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Author : Melissa Higgins
language : en
Publisher: ABDO
Release Date : 2016-12-15
The Gender Wage Gap written by Melissa Higgins and has been published by ABDO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
The Gender Wage Gap covers the history of women's wages, the differences between men's and women's wages that still exist, and today's efforts to close the gap. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Essential Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.
China S Rebalancing And Gender Inequality
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-05-11
China S Rebalancing And Gender Inequality written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
The Gender Pay Gap
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Author : The New York Times Editorial Staff
language : en
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Release Date : 2018-12-15
The Gender Pay Gap written by The New York Times Editorial Staff and has been published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-15 with Young Adult Nonfiction categories.
Despite increasing awareness, the gender pay gap has yet to close. In 2018, women still earned about eighty cents for every dollar men did, and that number changes when factoring in a woman's education level, profession, and ethnicity. These articles explore the discussion surrounding the gender pay gap, and highlight how our understanding of it has evolved in the past decade. Beginning with Obama's signing of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act in his first weeks as president and leading to some of the complicated economics of paid family leave, these articles explore the factors that create a gender pay gap and point to possible solutions.
Gender Inequality In The Life Course
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Author : Hannah Brückner
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Gender Inequality In The Life Course written by Hannah Brückner and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Social Science categories.
How do women fare in a society that is characterized by a set of institutions that promote income stability over the life course and thereby maintain and even amplify status difference? Using recently issued public files of social security records with longitudinal earnings data of well over half a million persons, this book describes gender inequality in earnings and labor market participation in contemporary Germany between 1975 and 1995. Because of the advanced industrial base of Germany, its relevance to other nations at the high end of production and consumer indices becomes apparent. Brückner's work is a unique combination of empirical and theoretical work. She takes seriously the effect of marriage status on labor supply and wages: married men work more and earn more, while married women work less and earn less. But to this rather conventional measure she introduces a second important consideration: the life course, multiple social contexts that help explain the unfolding of social action and economic status. In this way the family becomes a critical factor in explaining such crucial sources of inequality as tax laws, property transference, and transfer payments--and how these are regulated by the welfare state. The results from a life course analysis are contrasted with cross-sectional trends and a traditional lifecycle model to show that much depends in part on the data and methods used to explore it. The work closes with a solid social scientific analysis of systems choices: the private market in contrast to the social democratic welfare state solution. While recognizing that the latter is a direct effort at resolving the gender gap in wages and welfare, Professor Brückner also appreciates that there are high costs to the overall economy, not the least being a taxation that erodes the earning power of families and individuals as a whole, and hence is less of a solution than the spreading of the problem.
Gendered Tradeoffs
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Author : Becky Pettit
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2009-12-04
Gendered Tradeoffs written by Becky Pettit and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Gender inequality in the workplace persists, even in nations with some of the most progressive laws and generous family support policies. Yet the dimensions on which inequality is measured—levels of women's employment, number of hours worked, sex segregation by occupations and wages—tell very different stories across industrialized nations. By examining federally guaranteed parental leave, publicly provided child care, and part-time work, and looking across multiple dimensions of inequality, Becky Pettit and Jennifer Hook document the links between specific policies and aggregate outcomes. They disentangle the complex factors, from institutional policies to personal choices, that influence economic inequality. Gendered Tradeoffsdraws on data from twenty-one industrialized nations to compare women's and men's economic outcomes across nations, and over time, in search of a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of gender inequality in different labor markets. Pettit and Hook develop the idea that there are tradeoffs between different aspects of gender inequality in the economy and explain how those tradeoffs are shaped by individuals, markets, and states. They argue that each policy or condition should be considered along two axes—whether it promotes women's inclusion in or exclusion from the labor market and whether it promotes gender equality or inequality among women in the labor market. Some policies advance one objective while undercutting the other. The volume begins by reflecting on gender inequality in labor markets measured by different indicators. It goes on to develop the idea that there may be tradeoffs inherent among different aspects of inequality and in different policy solutions. These ideas are explored in four empirical chapters on employment, work hours, occupational sex segregation, and the gender wage gap. The penultimate chapter examines whether a similar framework is relevant for understanding inequality among women in the United States and Germany. The book concludes with a thorough discussion of the policies and conditions that underpin gender inequality in the workplace. The central thesis of Gendered Tradeoffs is that gender inequality in the workplace is generated and reinforced by national policies and conditions. The contours of inequality across and within countries are shaped by specific aspects of social policy that either relieve or concentrate the demands of care giving within households—usually in the hands of women—and at the same time shape workplace expectations. Pettit and Hook make a strong case that equality for women in the workplace depends not on whether women are included in the labor market but on how they are included.
The Gender Pay Gap
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Author : Fatma Abdel-Raouf
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-10-01
The Gender Pay Gap written by Fatma Abdel-Raouf and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Closing the gender pay gap begins with awareness and understanding of the state of the gap. This hybrid book that serves as a resource for both the academic and corporate communities, builds the reader’s awareness of the gender pay gap, its magnitude and ramifications, and provides action plans to address the challenge. Much of the existing literature on the gender pay gap provides an excellent foundation in stating facts and inferences; yet, the reader is often left wondering "now what?" This book tells the story of the state of the gap by the numbers and then offers specific actions that can be taken to achieve equity. The authors combine backgrounds in statistics and management/HR to provide a unique perspective in painting a broader overview of the issue, examining the history of the gender pay gap, its global impact, and how nations are addressing the issue. The book shines a light on the wide-ranging effects of the gap, including women’s poverty rates, student loans, economic growth, childhood poverty, and corporate profits, and offers insights to help close it with best practices of select organizations. Upper-level undergraduate, postgraduate, and executive education students will appreciate the clarity and conciseness of this guide to understanding and solving an important human resources issue. The inclusion of a brief instructor’s manual and PowerPoint slides for each chapter differentiates this book and adds to the ease of adoption in both the academic and corporate setting.
Women Work And Inequality
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Author : J. Gregory
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1999-04-30
Women Work And Inequality written by J. Gregory and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-04-30 with Political Science categories.
Brings together academics, lawyers, trade unionists and industrial relations experts to provide an incisive analysis of the impact of globalisation and deregulation on gender inequality in employment. It reviews the evolution of pay equity polices and examines the impact of economic and social trends on divisions between women.