Gene Flow In Alfalfa
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Gene Flow In Alfalfa
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Author : Allen Emile Van Deynze
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Gene Flow In Alfalfa written by Allen Emile Van Deynze and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Alfalfa categories.
"Although there have been instances in which low-level presence of regulated materials has resulted in market disruptions (e.g., Starlink corn, LL601 and LL604 rice), there is no evidence of significant market disruption associated with the commercialization of deregulated biotech traits in the United States. Concurrent with increased U.S. farmer adoption of biotech traits in corn, soybean, and cotton there have been increases in U.S. grain/fiber export (USDA-FAS 2007) and organic production (USDA-NASS 2007a, b, c). Although only 3 to 5% of the U.S. alfalfa hay production is sold to GE-sensitive markets (Putnam 2006), production for these markets has significant economic importance in specific regions of the United States. Approximately 33% of U.S. alfalfa seed production is exported, primarily to GE-sensitive markets. A thorough understanding of gene flow in alfalfa is critical to establishing stewardship programs that enable coexistence between alfalfa growers producing GE alfalfa hay or seed and growers producing these products for GE-sensitive markets. Understanding the relative importance of gene flow between and within feral plants, hay, and seed production fields helps to identify key biological, agricultural, and environmental barriers to gene flow and to formulate logical mitigation strategies for managing the AP of GE traits in non-GE alfalfa seed and hay. Synchrony in flowering, presence of pollinators, isolation distance, and relative abundance of pollen between pollen source and pollen recipient plants are typical biological barriers, most of which are amenable to management in hay and/or seed production systems. In general, it seems that NAFA Best Management Practices in hay and certified alfalfa seed production, coupled with the pollinator-specific isolation guidelines outlined in the NAFA Best Management Practices document, are adequate for managing AP to tolerance levels appropriate for most markets. These types of management practices are employed successfully by producers of certified seed in most crops, including alfalfa, to ensure genetic purity of seed stocks. Increased isolation distances in seed production--including production in non-GE seed production zones--use of border areas, crop rotation, use of certified seed, careful selection of the introduced pollinator, and routine elimination of neighboring feral alfalfa plants are tools that can be applied to decrease further the risk of gene flow in the production of seed for GE-sensitive markets."--Summary.
Roundup Ready Alfalfa An Emerging Technology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: UCANR Publications
Release Date :
Roundup Ready Alfalfa An Emerging Technology written by and has been published by UCANR Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Gene Flow Between Crops And Their Wild Relatives
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Author : Meike S. Andersson
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2010-02
Gene Flow Between Crops And Their Wild Relatives written by Meike S. Andersson and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02 with Science categories.
Reviewing the relevant scientific and technical literature, this work summarizes the current state-of-the-art knowledge related to gene flow and introgression (the permanent incorporation of genetic information from one set of differentiated populations into another) between genetically modified crops and their wild relatives. They analyze the biological framework for protecting the genetic integrity of indigenous wild relatives of crops in centers of crop origin and diversity, focusing on the issues of emission, dispersal, and deposition of pollen and/or seed; the likelihood and extent of gene flow from crops to wild relatives; and stabilization and the spread of traits in wild species. The material is organized into crop chapters, each of which covers general biological information of the crop; the most important crop wild relatives together with information about their ploidy levels, diverse genomes, centers of origin, and geographic distribution; the crop's potential for hybridization with its wild relatives; pollen flow studies related to pollen dispersal distances and hybridization rates; the current state of the genetic modification technology regarding that crop; and research gaps. The crop chapters discuss banana and plantain; barley; canola and oilseed rape; cassava, manioc, and yucca; chickpea; common bean; cotton; cowpea; finger millet; maize and corn; oat; peanut and groundnut; pearl millet; pigeonpea; potato; rice; sorghum; soybean; sweet potato, batata, and camote; and wheat and bread wheat.
Special Publication
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Author : Council for Agricultural Science and Technology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Special Publication written by Council for Agricultural Science and Technology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Agriculture categories.
Geneflow
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Geneflow written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Crops categories.
Gene Flow
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Author : Wei Wei
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2021-11-02
Gene Flow written by Wei Wei and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-02 with Science categories.
Gene flow is a natural process that occurs spontaneously and enables the evolution of life. However, with the release of genetically modified organisms, concerns have focused on introduced foreign transgenes and their dispersal in nature through gene flow. This book examines gene flow of transgenes, such as herbicide resistance genes, with the goal of understanding the factors that may affect the process of gene flow. A greater biological understanding is essential to make sound management regulatory decisions when also taking into consideration the processes that happen in conventional plants. Monitoring, modelling, and mitigation are the three most closely related elements of gene flow. The book includes both scientific reviews and perspectives on gene flow and experimental case studies, including studies of gene flow in soybean and poplar. The authors present diverse views and research methodologies to understand transgene flow.
Plant Reproductive Ecology
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Author : Anjana Rustagi
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-03-02
Plant Reproductive Ecology written by Anjana Rustagi and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-02 with Science categories.
Plant reproductive ecology has emerged as an indispensable discipline for enhancing crop productivity and conserving biodiversity. The adaptive significance of variation in traits associated with floral biology, pollination, seed dispersal, and seedling establishment is an integral component of plant reproductive ecology and evolutionary biology. This book explores the diversity of flower symmetry and the evolutionary patterns of internal structures of generative organs in angiosperms. The rapidly emerging global crisis of declining pollinators poses a major threat to food security. As such, the book also covers the diversity of plant-pollinator interactions, the impact of non-native exotic plant communities on native plants and pollinators, and strategies for the restoration of pollinator communities.
Genetically Engineered Crops
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-01-28
Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-28 with Science categories.
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Are Superweeds An Outgrowth Of Usda Biotech Policy
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Domestic Policy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Are Superweeds An Outgrowth Of Usda Biotech Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Domestic Policy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
The Coexistence Of Genetically Modified Organic And Conventional Foods
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Author : Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-18
The Coexistence Of Genetically Modified Organic And Conventional Foods written by Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by farmers around the world at impressive rates. In 2011, 180 million hectares of GM crops were cultivated by more than 15 million farmers in 29 countries. In the next decade, global adoption is expected to grow even faster as the research pipeline for new biotech traits and crops has increased almost fourfold in the last few years. The adoption of GM crops has led to increased productivity, while reducing pesticide use and the emissions of agricultural greenhouse gases, leading to broadly distributed economic benefits across the global food supply chain. Despite the rapid uptake of GM crops, the various social and economic benefits as well as the expanding rate innovation, the use of GM crops remains controversial in parts of the world. Despite the emergence of coexistence between GM, organic and conventional crops as a key policy and practical issue of global scale, there is no coherent literature that addresses it directly. Governments and market stakeholders in many countries are grappling with policy alternatives that settle conflicting property rights, minimize negative market externalities and associated liabilities, maximize the economic benefits of innovation and allow producer and consumer choice. This book intends to fill these needs with contributions from the top theoreticians, legal and economic analysts, policy makers and industry practitioners in the field. As the economics and policy of coexistence start to emerge as an separate subfield in agricultural, environmental and natural resource economics with an increasing number of scholars working on the topic, the book will also provide a comprehensive base in the literature for those entering the area, making it of interest to students, scholars and policy-makers alike.