Genetic Dissection Of Important Traits In Aquaculture Genome Scale Tools Development Trait Localization And Regulatory Mechanism Exploration

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Genetic Dissection Of Important Traits In Aquaculture Genome Scale Tools Development Trait Localization And Regulatory Mechanism Exploration

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Author : Peng Xu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-07-31

Genetic Dissection Of Important Traits In Aquaculture Genome Scale Tools Development Trait Localization And Regulatory Mechanism Exploration written by Peng Xu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-31 with categories.

Genomics In Aquaculture To Better Understand Species Biology And Accelerate Genetic Progress

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Author : José Manuel Yáñez
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-15

Genomics In Aquaculture To Better Understand Species Biology And Accelerate Genetic Progress written by José Manuel Yáñez and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-15 with Genetics categories.

From a global perspective aquaculture is an activity related to food production with large potential for growth. Considering a continuously growing population, the efficiency and sustainability of this activity will be crucial to meet the needs of protein for human consumption in the near future. However, for continuous enhancement of the culture of both fish and shellfish there are still challenges to overcome, mostly related to the biology of the cultured species and their interaction with (increasingly changing) environmental factors. Examples of these challenges include early sexual maturation, feed meal replacement, immune response to infectious diseases and parasites, and temperature and salinity tolerance. Moreover, it is estimated that less than 10% of the total aquaculture production in the world is based on populations genetically improved by means of artificial selection. Thus, there is considerable room for implementing breeding schemes aimed at improving productive traits having significant economic impact. By far the most economically relevant trait is growth rate, which can be efficiently improved by conventional genetic selection (i.e. based on breeding values of selection candidates). However, there are other important traits that cannot be measured directly on selection candidates, such as resistance against infectious and parasitic agents and carcass quality traits (e.g. fillet yield and meat color). However, these traits can be more efficiently improved using molecular tools to assist breeding programs by means of marker-assisted selection, using a few markers explaining a high proportion of the trait variation, or genomic selection, using thousands of markers to estimate genomic breeding values. The development and implementation of new technologies applied to molecular biology and genomics, such as next-generation sequencing methods and high-throughput genotyping platforms, are allowing the rapid increase of availability of genomic resources in aquaculture species. These resources will provide powerful tools to the research community and will aid in the determination of the genetic factors involved in several biological aspects of aquaculture species. In this regard, it is important to establish discussion in terms of which strategies will be more efficient to solve the primary challenges that are affecting aquaculture systems around the world. The main objective of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to communicate recent research and implementation strategies in the use of genomics in aquaculture species with emphasis on (1) a better understanding of fish and shellfish biological processes having considerable impact on aquaculture systems; and (2) the efficient incorporation of molecular information into breeding programs to accelerate genetic progress of economically relevant traits.

Genomics In Aquaculture To Better Understand Species Biology And Accelerate Genetic Progress

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Genomics In Aquaculture To Better Understand Species Biology And Accelerate Genetic Progress written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

From a global perspective aquaculture is an activity related to food production with large potential for growth. Considering a continuously growing population, the efficiency and sustainability of this activity will be crucial to meet the needs of protein for human consumption in the near future. However, for continuous enhancement of the culture of both fish and shellfish there are still challenges to overcome, mostly related to the biology of the cultured species and their interaction with (increasingly changing) environmental factors. Examples of these challenges include early sexual maturation, feed meal replacement, immune response to infectious diseases and parasites, and temperature and salinity tolerance. Moreover, it is estimated that less than 10% of the total aquaculture production in the world is based on populations genetically improved by means of artificial selection. Thus, there is considerable room for implementing breeding schemes aimed at improving productive traits having significant economic impact. By far the most economically relevant trait is growth rate, which can be efficiently improved by conventional genetic selection (i.e. based on breeding values of selection candidates). However, there are other important traits that cannot be measured directly on selection candidates, such as resistance against infectious and parasitic agents and carcass quality traits (e.g. fillet yield and meat color). However, these traits can be more efficiently improved using molecular tools to assist breeding programs by means of marker-assisted selection, using a few markers explaining a high proportion of the trait variation, or genomic selection, using thousands of markers to estimate genomic breeding values. The development and implementation of new technologies applied to molecular biology and genomics, such as next-generation sequencing methods and high-throughput genotyping platforms, are allowing the rapid increase of availability of genomic resources in aquaculture species. These resources will provide powerful tools to the research community and will aid in the determination of the genetic factors involved in several biological aspects of aquaculture species. In this regard, it is important to establish discussion in terms of which strategies will be more efficient to solve the primary challenges that are affecting aquaculture systems around the world. The main objective of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to communicate recent research and implementation strategies in the use of genomics in aquaculture species with emphasis on (1) a better understanding of fish and shellfish biological processes having considerable impact on aquaculture systems; and (2) the efficient incorporation of molecular information into breeding programs to accelerate genetic progress of economically relevant traits.

The Applications Of New Multi Locus Gwas Methodologies In The Genetic Dissection Of Complex Traits

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Author : Yuan-Ming Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-06-19

The Applications Of New Multi Locus Gwas Methodologies In The Genetic Dissection Of Complex Traits written by Yuan-Ming Zhang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-19 with categories.

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are widely used in the genetic dissection of complex traits. Most existing methods are based on single-marker association in genome-wide scans with population structure and polygenic background controls. To control the false positive rate, the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests is frequently adopted. This stringent correction results in the exclusion of important loci, especially for GWAS in crop genetics. To address this issue, multi-locus GWAS methodologies have been recommended, i.e., FASTmrEMMA, ISIS EM-BLASSO, mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, pLARmEB, pKWmEB and FarmCPU. In this Research Topic, our purpose is to clarify some important issues in the application of multi-locus GWAS methods. Here we discuss the following subjects: First, we discuss the advantages of new multi-locus GWAS methods over the widely-used single-locus GWAS methods in the genetic dissection of complex traits, metabolites and gene expression levels. Secondly, large experiment error in the field measurement of phenotypic values for complex traits in crop genetics results in relatively large P-values in GWAS, indicating the existence of small number of significantly associated SNPs. To solve this issue, a less stringent P-value critical value is often adopted, i.e., 0.001, 0.0001 and 1/m (m is the number of markers). Although lowering the stringency with which an association is made could identify more hits, confidence in these hits would significantly drop. In this Research Topic we propose a new threshold of significant QTN (LOD=3.0 or P-value=2.0e-4) in multi-locus GWAS to balance high power and low false positive rate. Thirdly, heritability missing in GWAS is a common phenomenon, and a series of scientists have explained the reasons why the heritability is missing. In this Research Topic, we also add one additional reason and propose the joint use of several GWAS methodologies to capture more QTNs. Thus, overall estimated heritability would be increased. Finally, we discuss how to select and use these multi-locus GWAS methods.

Genetic Dissection Of Complex Traits

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Author : Dabeeru C. Rao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Genetic Dissection Of Complex Traits written by Dabeeru C. Rao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Gene mapping categories.

Aquaculture Genome Technologies

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Author : Zhanjiang (John) Liu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-02-28

Aquaculture Genome Technologies written by Zhanjiang (John) Liu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Genomics is a rapidly growing scientific field with applications ranging from improved disease resistance to increased rate of growth. Aquaculture Genome Technologies comprehensively covers the field of genomics and its applications to the aquaculture industry. This volume looks to bridge the gap between a basic understanding of genomic technology to its practical use in the aquaculture industry.

Selective Breeding In Aquaculture An Introduction

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Author : Trygve Gjedrem
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-17

Selective Breeding In Aquaculture An Introduction written by Trygve Gjedrem and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-17 with Science categories.

The foundation of quantitative genetics theory was developed during the last century and facilitated many successful breeding programs for cultivated plants and t- restrial livestock. The results have been almost universally impressive, and today nearly all agricultural production utilises genetically improved seed and animals. The aquaculture industry can learn a great deal from these experiences, because the basic theory behind selective breeding is the same for all species. The ?rst published selection experiments in aquaculture started in 1920 s to improve disease resistance in ?sh, but it was not before the 1970 s that the ?rst family based breeding program was initiated for Atlantic salmon in Norway by AKVAFORSK. Unfortunately, the subsequent implementation of selective breeding on a wider scale in aquaculture has been slow, and despite the dramatic gains that have been demonstrated in a number of species, less than 10% of world aquaculture production is currently based on improved stocks. For the long-term sustainability of aquaculture production, there is an urgent need to develop and implement e- cient breeding programs for all species under commercial production. The ability for aquaculture to successfully meet the demands of an ever increasing human p- ulation, will rely on genetically improved stocks that utilise feed, water and land resources in an ef?cient way. Technological advances like genome sequences of aquaculture species, and advanced molecular methods means that there are new and exciting prospects for building on these well-established methods into the future.

New Technologies In Aquaculture

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Author : Gavin Burnell
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2009-07-30

New Technologies In Aquaculture written by Gavin Burnell and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.

With wild stocks declining due to over-fishing, aquaculture will have a more significant role to play in meeting future demand for fresh fish. Developments in research continue to lead to improvements in aquaculture production systems, resulting in increased production efficiency, higher product quality for consumers and a more sustainable industry. New technologies in aquaculture reviews essential advances in these areas. Part one focuses on the genetic improvement of farmed species and control of reproduction, with chapters on genome-based technologies in aquaculture research, selective breeding and the production of single sex and sterile populations, among other topics. Parts two and three review key issues in health, diet and husbandry, such as the control of viral and parasitic diseases, diet and husbandry techniques to improve disease resistance, advances in diets for particular fish species and the impact of harmful algal bloom on shellfisheries aquaculture. Chapters in Parts three and four then examine the design of different aquaculture production systems, including offshore technologies, tank-based recirculating systems and ponds, and key environmental issues, such as the prediction and assessment of the impact of aquaculture. Concluding chapters focus on farming new species. With its well-known editors and distinguished international team of contributors, New technologies in aquaculture is an essential purchase for professionals and researchers in the aquaculture industry. Reviews recent advances in improvements in aquaculture production Focuses on the genetic improvement and reproduction of farmed species, including genome-based technologies Discusses key health issues, including advances in disease diagnosis, vaccine development and other emerging methods to control pathogens in aquaculture

The Flowering Of Apomixis

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Author : Yves Savidan
language : en
Publisher: CIMMYT
Release Date : 2001

The Flowering Of Apomixis written by Yves Savidan and has been published by CIMMYT this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Science categories.

Plant Breeding Past Present And Future

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Author : John E. Bradshaw
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-08

Plant Breeding Past Present And Future written by John E. Bradshaw and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-08 with Science categories.

This book aims to help plant breeders by reviewing past achievements, currently successful practices, and emerging methods and techniques. Theoretical considerations are also presented to strike the right balance between being as simple as possible but as complex as necessary. The United Nations predicts that the global human population will continue rising to 9.0 billion by 2050. World food production will need to increase between 70-100 per cent in just 40 years. First generation bio-fuels are also using crops and cropland to produce energy rather than food. In addition, land area used for agriculture may remain static or even decrease as a result of degradation and climate change, despite more land being theoretically available, unless crops can be bred which tolerate associated abiotic stresses. Lastly, it is unlikely that steps can be taken to mitigate all of the climate change predicted to occur by 2050, and beyond, and hence adaptation of farming systems and crop production will be required to reduce predicted negative effects on yields that will occur without crop adaptation. Substantial progress will therefore be required in bridging the yield gap between what is currently achieved per unit of land and what should be possible in future, with the best farming methods and best storage and transportation of food, given the availability of suitably adapted cultivars, including adaptation to climate change. My book is divided into four parts: Part I is an historical introduction; Part II deals with the origin of genetic variation by mutation and recombination of DNA; Part III explains how the mating system of a crop species determines the genetic structure of its landraces; Part IV considers the three complementary options for future progress: use of sexual reproduction in further conventional breeding, base broadening and introgression; mutation breeding; and genetically modified crops.