Genomic Diversity
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Genomic Diversity
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Author : Surinder Singh Papiha
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Genomic Diversity written by Surinder Singh Papiha and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.
One of the major themes of human population genetics is assaying genetic variation in human populations. The ultimate goal of this objective is to understand the extent of genetic diversity and the use of this knowledge to reconstruct our evolutionary history. The discipline had undergone a revolutionary transition with the advent of molecular techniques in the 1980s. With this shift, statistical methods have also been developed to perceive the biological and molecular basis of human genetic variation. Using the new perspectives gained during the above transition, this volume describes the applications of molecular markers spanning the autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial genome in the analysis of human diversity in contemporary populations. This is the first reference book of its kind to bring together data from these diverse sets of markers for understanding evolutionary histories and relationships of modern humans in a single volume.
Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1998-02-19
Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-02-19 with Science categories.
This book assesses the scientific value and merit of research on human genetic differencesâ€"including a collection of DNA samples that represents the whole of human genetic diversityâ€"and the ethical, organizational, and policy issues surrounding such research. Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity discusses the potential uses of such collection, such as providing insight into human evolution and origins and serving as a springboard for important medical research. It also addresses issues of confidentiality and individual privacy for participants in genetic diversity research studies.
Genomic Diversity In People Of India
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Author : Anthropological Survey Of India
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-02
Genomic Diversity In People Of India written by Anthropological Survey Of India and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-02 with Medical categories.
This book is the output of Anthropological Survey of India's National Project "DNA Polymorphism of Contemporary Indian Population" conducted during 2000 to 2018. The book compiles the independent and collaborative work of 49 scientific personnel. Genomics facilitate the study of genetic constitution and diversity at individual and population levels. Genomic diversity explains susceptibility, predisposition and prolongation of diseases; personalized medicine and longevity; prehistoric demographic events, such as population bottleneck, expansion, admixture and natural selection. This book highlights the heterogeneous, genetically diverse population of India. It shows how the central geographic location of India, played a crucial role in historic and pre-historic human migrations, and in peopling different continents of the world. The book describes the massive task undertaken by AnSI to unearth genomic diversity of India populations, with the use of Uni-parental DNA markers mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and Y –chromosome in 75 communities. The book talks about the 61 maternal and 35 paternal lineages identified through these studies. It brings forth interesting, hitherto unknown findings such as shared mutations between certain communities. This volume is a milestone in scientific research to understand biological diversity of Indian people at genomic level. It addresses the basic priority to identify different genes underlying various inborn genetic defects and diseases specific to Indian populations. This would be highly interesting to population geneticists, historians, as well as anthropologists.
Genetic Diversity In European Populations
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Author : Alicia Sanchez-Mazas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Genetic Diversity In European Populations written by Alicia Sanchez-Mazas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Although it is the continent with the lowest genomic diversity, Europe embraces a significant degree of variation, shaped by complex demographic events and locus-specific selective factors linked to environmental conditions. The European genetic diversity observed today has also important clinical and epidemiological implications. Different questions related to these topics are addressed in this special topic issue of eight excellent papers written by specialized European teams. The papers document the remarkable progress achieved in the last years in exploring human genomic diversity, both in past and present populations, in reconstructing complex scenarios of European peopling history using sophisticated data analyses and computer simulations, in identifying signatures of adaptive selection in milk digestion- and immune-related genes, and in applying this knowledge to crucial health issues, from tissue transplantation to disease associations. Genetic Diversity in European Populations: Evolutionary Evidence and Medical Implications is of special interest to researchers and students in biological and medical sciences and clinicians, who wish to update their knowledge in the field of European genetic diversity for basic research and medical applications.
The Human Genome Diversity Project
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Author : Amade M'Charek
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-01-20
The Human Genome Diversity Project written by Amade M'Charek and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-20 with Social Science categories.
The Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) was launched in 1991 by a group of population geneticists whose aim was to map genetic diversity in hundreds of human populations by tracing the similarities and differences between them. It quickly became controversial and was accused of racism and 'bad science' because of the special interest paid to sampling cell material from isolated and indigenous populations. The author spent a year carrying out participant observation in two of the laboratories involved and provides fascinating insights into daily routines and technologies used in those laboratories and also into issues of normativity, standardization and naturalisation. Drawing on debates and theoretical perspectives from across the social sciences, M'charek explores the relationship between the tools used to produce knowledge and the knowledge thus produced in a way that illuminates the HGDP but also contributes to our broader understanding of the contemporary life sciences and their social implications.
Race To The Finish
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Author : Jenny Reardon
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2009-02-09
Race To The Finish written by Jenny Reardon and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-09 with Science categories.
In the summer of 1991, population geneticists and evolutionary biologists proposed to archive human genetic diversity by collecting the genomes of "isolated indigenous populations." Their initiative, which became known as the Human Genome Diversity Project, generated early enthusiasm from those who believed it would enable huge advances in our understanding of human evolution. However, vocal criticism soon emerged. Physical anthropologists accused Project organizers of reimporting racist categories into science. Indigenous-rights leaders saw a "Vampire Project" that sought the blood of indigenous people but not their well-being. More than a decade later, the effort is barely off the ground. How did an initiative whose leaders included some of biology's most respected, socially conscious scientists become so stigmatized? How did these model citizen-scientists come to be viewed as potential racists, even vampires? This book argues that the long abeyance of the Diversity Project points to larger, fundamental questions about how to understand knowledge, democracy, and racism in an age when expert claims about genomes increasingly shape the possibilities for being human. Jenny Reardon demonstrates that far from being innocent tools for fighting racism, scientific ideas and practices embed consequential social and political decisions about who can define race, racism, and democracy, and for what ends. She calls for the adoption of novel conceptual tools that do not oppose science and power, truth and racist ideologies, but rather draw into focus their mutual constitution.
Plant Genome Diversity Volume 1
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Author : Jonathan Wendel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-03-23
Plant Genome Diversity Volume 1 written by Jonathan Wendel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-23 with Science categories.
In this timely new 2-volume treatise, experts from around the world have banded together to produce a first-of-its-kind synopsis of the exciting and fast moving field of plant evolutionary genomics. In Volume I of Plant Genome Diversity, an update is provided on what we have learned from plant genome sequencing projects. This is followed by more focused chapters on the various genomic “residents” of plant genomes, including transposable elements, centromeres, small RNAs, and the evolutionary dynamics of genes and non-coding sequences. Attention is drawn to advances in our understanding of plant mitochondrial and plastid genomes, as well as the significance of duplication in genic evolution and the non-independent evolution among sequences in plant genomes. Finally, Volume I provides an introduction to the vibrant new frontier of plant epigenomics, describing the current state of our knowledge and the evolutionary implications of the epigenomic landscape.
Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2
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Author : Johann Greilhuber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-13
Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2 written by Johann Greilhuber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-13 with Science categories.
This second of two volumes on Plant Genome Diversity provides, in 20 chapters, insights into the structural evolution of plant genomes with all its variations. Starting with an outline of plant phylogeny and its reconstruction, the second part of the volume describes the architecture and dynamics of the plant cell nucleus, the third examines the evolution and diversity of the karyotype in various lineages, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and monilophytes. The fourth part presents the mechanisms of polyploidization and its biological consequences and significance for land plant evolution. The fifth part deals with genome size evolution and its biological significance. Together with Volume I, this comprehensive book on the plant genome is intended for students and professionals in all fields of plant science, offering as it does a convenient entry into a burgeoning literature in a fast-moving field.
Exploring The Genetic Diversity Of Marine Organisms Based On The Analysis Of Chromosome And Genomic Dna Markers
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Author : Dongdong Xu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-11-25
Exploring The Genetic Diversity Of Marine Organisms Based On The Analysis Of Chromosome And Genomic Dna Markers written by Dongdong Xu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-25 with Science categories.
Genomic Diversity Of Bacillus Related Species
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Author : Hideto Takami
language : en
Publisher: Nova Biomedical Books
Release Date : 2008
Genomic Diversity Of Bacillus Related Species written by Hideto Takami and has been published by Nova Biomedical Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Bacillus (Bacteria) categories.
A great number of aerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive Bacillus species have been isolated on a number of occasions from a variety of terrestrial and deep-sea environments, including the Mariana Trench which has a depth of 10,897 m. Some of these Bacullus species are known to have various capabilities for adapting to extreme environments. In fact, Bacillus-related species can grow in a wide range of environments -- at pH 2-12, at temperatures between 5 and 78°C, in salinity from 0 to 30% NaCl, and under pressures from 0.1 Mpa to at least 30 Mpa. The author is now exploring how these adaptive capabilities, as reflected in their genomes, were acquired and what intrinsic genomic structures are present in Bacillus-related species that have allowed them to adapt to such a wide range of environments. To answer these questions, the author initiated a genome sequencing project in early 1998 and have to present determined the entire genomic sequences of three extremophilic bacilli: alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans, extremely halotolerant and alkaliphilic Oceanobacillus iheyensis, and thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus. The author provides the first comparative analysis of the extremophilic bacillar genomes with those of three other phylogenetically related mesophilic and neutrophilic bacilli, B. subtilis, B. anthracis and B. cereus, in order to highlight the commonality and diversity of the bacillar genome.