Geological And Hydrological Factors For Siting Hazardous Or Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities Classic Reprint
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Geological And Hydrological Factors For Siting Hazardous Or Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities Classic Reprint
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Author : Richard C. Berg
language : en
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Release Date : 2018-03-19
Geological And Hydrological Factors For Siting Hazardous Or Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities Classic Reprint written by Richard C. Berg and has been published by Forgotten Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Excerpt from Geological and Hydrological Factors for Siting Hazardous or Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities This report (1) identifies criteria important to the siting of a HW or llrw disposal facility and recom mends geological and hydrological guidelines and re strictions for siting such a facility, (2) justifies the im portance of geological and hydrological criteria with regard to site performance, and (3) discusses methods of investigation for site selection and characterization. This document emphasizes aspects of siting not ade quately discussed in the literature, such as the design of a geological characterization program and regional and site-specific geomorphic aspects of facility siting. It is designed to help state and local officials under stand the complexities of geology and hydrology in the siting process. More importantly, it provides those responsible for site selection and characterization with a checklist of items that must be considered and under stood to ensure that an environmentally safe site is selected, one in which the potential for contamination to underlying groundwater resources is low and the potential disruption of the site by natural causes is minimal. Although this report specifically addresses the selection and characterization of sites for HW or llrw disposal, the methodology and procedures presented here also could be applied to the siting of municipal landfills and other waste storage facilities; they could aid also in the siting of industries that are high generators of chemicals or waste products. For the first time, a detailed discussion of the ele ments necessary to conduct a regional geological and hydrological investigation is presented. The need for a regional approach to siting was discussed by Kempton, Berg, and Soller They mentioned that the procedure has not been widely used, partly because its methods for extrapolating data are not commonly accepted by those called upon to deal with site-specific problems that require the rapid gathering and interpretation of geological and hydrological data. However, to understand and interpret site-specific hy drogeological data, the regional geological framework must first be constructed. This significantly improves the ability of siting investigators to predict the occur rence and distribution of aquifers and helps in deter mining local and regional groundwater flow systems. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Selection And Investigation Of Sites For The Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes In Hydraulically Induced Subsurface Fractures
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Author : Ren Jen Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Selection And Investigation Of Sites For The Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes In Hydraulically Induced Subsurface Fractures written by Ren Jen Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Nuclear facilities categories.
Injection of intermediate-level radioactive wastes (specific activity of less than 6 x 103γCi/mL, consisting mainly of radionuclides, such as strontium and cesium, having half-lives of less than 50 years) mixed with cement into a thick shale formation is a promising and feasible disposal method. Hydraulic fracturing provides openings in the shale to accommodate the wastes. Ion exchange and radionuclide-adsorption materials can be added to the grout during mixing to further increase the radionuclide-retaining capacity of the grout. After solidification of the grout, the injected wastes become an integral part of the shale formation, and therefore the wastes will remain at depth and in place as long as the injection zone is not subjected to erosion or dissolution. Problems concerning safety of the disposal method are (1) the potential for inducing vertical fractures, (2) phase separation during and after the injections, (3) the reliability of methods for determining the orientation of induced fractures, (4) the possibility of triggering earthquakes, and (5) radionuclides being leached and transported by ground water. In bedded shale, a difference between tensile strength normal to and that parallel to bedding planes favors the formation of fractures along bedding planes that are nearly horizontal. Even in areas where vertical stress is slightly greater than the horizontal stresses, nearly horizontal bedding-plane fractures can be hydraulically induced in shale at depths less than 1,000 meters. Test injections should be made during site evaluation to determine if horizontal bedding-plane fractures can be induced. The orientation of induced fractures can be indirectly monitored by recording injection pressures during injection time and by measuring the decay of water injections and the uplift of ground surface after the injections; however, it can be directly determined by gamma-ray logs made in observation wells before and after each injection, if the injected fluid or wastes contain enough gamma-ray emitting radionuclides. If waste grout is properly mixed, phase separation should be less than one percent of the total amount injected. The mobility of waste in the separated liquid is further decreased by the low permeability (less than 10−6 darcy) and the large ion-exchange and adsorption capacity of shale, which thus reduce the potential for contamination. Grout injections do not cause extensive increases in pore pressure within shale, and a disposal site should be located in a geologically stable and tectonically relaxed area, that is, an area lacking local active faults. Thus a disposal in shale in such areas can avoid the two necessary and essential conditions for triggering earthquakes by fluid injections, an increase in pore pressure and rock already stressed near its breaking strength. Waste injections are made in several stages at different levels through an injection well. After the first series of injections at the greatest depth, the well is plugged by cement at that depth. The second series of injections are made a suitable distance above the first. The repeated use of the injection well distributes the cost of constructing injection and monitoring wells over many injections, thereby making hydraulic fracturing and grout injection economically attractive as a method for the disposal of radioactive wastes. Theoretical considerations about inducing nearly horizontal beddingplane fractures in shale are discussed, as are field procedures for site selection, safety, and the monitoring and operation of radioactive waste disposal. Case histories are used as examples to demonstrate the application of the theory and techniques of field operations.
Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility Closure
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility Closure written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Low-level radiation categories.
Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site Safety Assessment Document
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site Safety Assessment Document written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
The Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Safety Assessment Document evaluates site characteristics, facilities and operating practices which contribute to the safe handling and storage/disposal of radioactive wastes at the Nevada Test Site. Physical geography, cultural factors, climate and meteorology, geology, hydrology (with emphasis on radionuclide migration), ecology, natural phenomena, and natural resources are discussed and determined to be suitable for effective containment of radionuclides. Also considered, as a separate section, are facilities and operating practices such as monitoring; storage/disposal criteria; site maintenance, equipment, and support; transportation and waste handling; and others which are adequate for the safe handling and storage/disposal of radioactive wastes. In conclusion, the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site is suitable for radioactive waste handling and storage/disposal for a maximum of twenty more years at the present rate of utilization.
Disposal Of Solid Radioactive Wastes In Bedded Salt Deposits
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Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Radioactive Waste Management
language : en
Publisher: National Academies
Release Date : 1970
Disposal Of Solid Radioactive Wastes In Bedded Salt Deposits written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Radioactive Waste Management and has been published by National Academies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Radioactive waste disposal in the ground categories.
Geologic And Hydrologic Characterization And Evaluation Of The Basin And Range Province Relative To The Disposal Of High Level Radioactive Waste
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Geologic And Hydrologic Characterization And Evaluation Of The Basin And Range Province Relative To The Disposal Of High Level Radioactive Waste written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
This report describes the first phase in evaluating the geology and hydrology of the Basin and Range Province for potential suitability of geohydrologic environments for isolation of high-level radioactive waste. The geologic and hydrologic factors considered in the Province evaluation include distribution of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions and data on ground-water hydrology. Potential host media considered include argillaceous rocks, tuff, basaltic rocks, granitic rocks, evaporites, and the unsaturated zone. The tectonic factors considered are Quaternary faults, late Cenozoic volcanics, seismic activity, heat flow, and late Cenozoic rates of vertical uplift. Hydrologic conditions considered include length of flow path from potential host rocks to discharge areas, interbasin and geothermal flow systems and thick unsaturated sections as potential host media. The Basin and Range Province was divided into 12 subprovinces; each subprovince is evaluated separately and prospective areas for further study are identified. About one-half of the Province appears to have combinations of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions, and ground-water hydrology that merit consideration for further study. The prospective areas for further study in each subprovince are summarized in a brief list of the potentially favorable factors and the issues of concern. Data compiled for the entire Province do not permit a complete evaluation of the favorability for high-level waste isolation. The evaluations here are intended to identify broad regions that contain potential geohydrologic environments containing multiple natural barriers to radionuclide migration. 13 refs., 14 figs.
Low Level Waste Disposal Facility Safety Analysis Experience
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Low Level Waste Disposal Facility Safety Analysis Experience written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
This paper describes work performed to estimate radionuclide inventories (Material at Risk) for use in developing upgraded safety documentation for the Solid Waste Facility (SWMF) at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS). The SMWF includes disposal and storage facilities for low-level radioactive waste generated at SRS and other government-owned locations. The SWMF is primarily composed of ''burial grounds, '' where waste has been disposed of in trenches since 1953, concrete vaults, scheduled to be used for disposal starting in 1994, and above-ground paved ''pads, '' where transuranic (TRU) waste is stored in containers awaiting future disposal at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. The SWMF also includes areas for above-ground storage of contaminated used equipment, a waste compactor, tanks for storage of slightly contaminated reprocessing solvents, a facility to certify waste prior to shipment to WIPP, and buildings for storage of containerized mixed and hazardous waste. The SRS is an approximately circular region approximately 30 km (18 miles) in diameter and approximately 800 square kilometers (300 square miles) in area. Most of the areas (or ''subfacilities'') making up the SWMF are located near the center of the site.
Low Level Radioactive Waste Annual Survey Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Low Level Radioactive Waste Annual Survey Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Hazardous wastes categories.
The Illinois Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLRW) Management Act mandates an annual survey of all LLRW generators in Illinois.
Disposition Of High Level Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-05
Disposition Of High Level Waste And Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-05 with Science categories.
Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Geologic And Hydrologic Characterization And Evaluation Of The Basin And Range Province Relative To The Disposal Of High Level Radioactive Waste Part Iii Geologic And Hydrolic Evaluation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Geologic And Hydrologic Characterization And Evaluation Of The Basin And Range Province Relative To The Disposal Of High Level Radioactive Waste Part Iii Geologic And Hydrolic Evaluation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
The geologic and hydrologic factors considered in the Province evaluation include distribution of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions and data on ground-water hydrology. Potential host media considered include argillaceous rocks, tuff, basaltic rocks, granitic rocks, evaporites, and the unsaturated zone. The tectonic factors considered are Quaternary faults, late Cenozoic volcanics, seismic activity, heat flow, and late Cenozoic rates of vertical uplift. Hydrologic conditions considered include length of flow path from potential host rocks to discharge areas, interbasin and geothermal flow systems and thick unsaturated sections as potential host media. The Basin and Range Province was divided into 12 subprovinces; each subprovince is evaluated separately and prospective areas for further study are identified. About one-half of the Province appears to have combinations of potential host rocks, tectonic conditions, and ground-water hydrology that merit consideration for further study. The prospective areas for further study in each subprovince are summarized in a brief list of the potentially favorable factors and the issues of concern. Data compiled for the entire Province do not permit a complete evaluation of the favorability for high-level waste isolation. The evaluations here are intended to identify broad regions that contain potential geohydrologic environments containing multiple natural barriers to radionuclide migration. 13 refs., 14 figs.