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Georgia Financial System Stability Assessment

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Georgia Financial System Stability Assessment

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Author : International Monetary
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-21

Georgia Financial System Stability Assessment written by International Monetary and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-21 with Business & Economics categories.

A recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic now underway in Georgia has benefited from a recent pickup in external demand and substantial fiscal support. Significant exchange rate depreciation, global commodity price increases and supply constraints have contributed to inflationary pressures and provided impetus for the authorities to start tightening monetary policy during 2021. Credit growth slowed during the pandemic but has since picked up again. Household and firm indebtedness is relatively high reflecting rapid credit growth in recent years. Banks face elevated credit risks as they carry high exposure to unhedged borrowers in foreign currency, some of whom are facing debt-servicing difficulties due to the pandemic.

Georgia

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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2001-11-26

Georgia written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-26 with Business & Economics categories.

The Georgian financial system is small by international standards and by comparison with countries in the region. The vulnerabilities and policy challenges in the Georgian financial system are closely linked to the transitional stage of the economy. The legal framework governing the financial sector needs improvement. The assessment of compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) for Effective Banking Supervision (EBS) found that while substantial advances in bank supervision have occurred during the past two to three years, there are several areas in need of improvement.

Georgia

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Author : International Monetary Fund Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Georgia written by International Monetary Fund Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.

Dated November 2001.

Georgia Financial Sector Assessment Program Technical Note Stress Testing And Financial Stability Analysis

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Author : Peter Keller
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1993

Georgia Financial Sector Assessment Program Technical Note Stress Testing And Financial Stability Analysis written by Peter Keller and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.

This note presents the results of banks’ stress tests carried out jointly by the NBG and the FSAP teams in the context of the 2021 FSAP. It describes the scope, methodology and results of a series of top-down stress tests carried out during January‒April 2021. At the request of the Georgian authorities, complementary bottom-up exercises were not implemented, on account of the operational challenges facing banks because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Georgia

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-09

Georgia written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-09 with Business & Economics categories.

The National Bank of Georgia (NBG) has a broad mandate to safeguard financial stability in Georgia and has applied several measures that can be considered macroprudential. For instance, the NBG adjusted risk weights for foreign-currency (FX) loans to unhedged borrowers in a countercyclical manner in recent years. Going forward, it plans to introduce the Basel III countercyclical capital buffer regime for the banking system in 2015, which will require that it sets or releases the buffer on a regular basis, based on assessments of cyclical risks. Policymakers should consider establishing a full-fledged macroprudential policy framework in line with international best practices. The current framework is too broad to support the effective and transparent use of macroprudential policy going forward. An improved system would involve a revised legal framework to cement the use of a broad range of macroprudential instruments, the establishment of a Financial Stability Committee at the NBG level, and strong accountability and communication practices, including by the publication of regular reports on financial stability. The list of available macroprudential instruments should go beyond risk buffers and allow the NBG to set measures that directly influence the banks’ activities, e.g., through the application of loan-to-value (LTV) or payment-to-income (PTI) caps. The introduction of macroprudential measures for FX-induced credit and liquidity risks have led to a strengthening of banks’ risk buffers. On the asset side, additional risk weights are applied to FX loans to unhedged borrowers, while on the liability side, reserve requirements are higher for FX deposits and other borrowings. Furthermore, banks have to hold more liquidity for nonresident deposits (of which 92 percent are in foreign currency as of end-2013), if those deposits exceed 10 percent of total deposits. Combined with the general liquidity regulation, these measures have increased banks’ capital and liquidity buffers, as shown in the results of the FSAP solvency and liquidity stress tests. The planned introduction of buffer requirements to mitigate cyclical and structural risks is a welcome step. The countercyclical capital buffer and the capital surcharge for systemically important banks are planned to be implemented over the next few years. The capital surcharge for systemically important banks, which would currently apply at least to the three largest banks by total assets, is particularly important in the Georgian context due to the high market concentration in the banking sector.

Georgia Financial Sector Assessment Program Technical Note Financial Safety Net Resolution And Crisis Management

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Author : Jack Boorman
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1994

Georgia Financial Sector Assessment Program Technical Note Financial Safety Net Resolution And Crisis Management written by Jack Boorman and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Business & Economics categories.

Since the prior FSAP the authorities have comprehensively updated the legal, policy and procedural framework for failing bank resolution. In 2019 both the NBG and Banking Laws were amended to provide the authorities with powers to resolve banks that in the past might have been deemed too-big-to-fail; this eventuality is now greatly diminished. In 2017 a Deposit Insurance System Law was adopted to provide protection to natural person depositors when a bank fails and is liquidated. In 2020 the NBG published a series of rules specifying its policies and procedures for the use of its new powers, and jointly with the MoF published regulations addressing the use of temporary public funding to mitigate the potential systemic implications of bank failures.

Georgia

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-08

Recent experience in handling troubled banks was limited. The National Bank of Georgia (NBG) is the lead authority responsible for managing problem banks, as it can appoint a temporary administrator, declare a bank as insolvent and bankrupt, and commence a liquidation procedure. In the 1990s, market entry was not subject to significant restrictions, and the number of banks operating in Georgia reached a peak of 229 in 1994. Since then, the authorities have commenced a significant number of liquidation procedures, and the last cases based on insolvency grounds have been closed in 2009. Therefore, the legal framework for bank resolution and liquidation has not been applied to a significant extent in recent times. The framework for emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) has been improved, but enhancement is needed to protect the NBG against financial risk. The NBG is explicitly authorized to provide ELA to commercial banks that are considered to be viable, and a 2012 NBG decree sets out certain procedural rules governing the disbursement of the ELA. However, when financial stability is endangered, rules on collateral, interest rate, and duration of the facility can be relaxed. This special carve-out can expose the NBG to financial risks—the existence of a systemic threat, rather, calls for a role to be played by the government. Moreover, provisions on collateral, interest rate, and duration should be updated to better take into account the specificities of ELA, and accountability mechanisms should be enhanced. The bank resolution and liquidation regime presents important shortcomings. The NBG can take control of a problem bank by appointing a temporary administrator, which can, in theory, arrange for certain resolution transactions. The bank liquidation framework is prescribed in more detail, given the significant experience gained by the NBG in the past. However, the bank resolution framework lacks a number of important features and several amendments are needed to update it in line with emerging international best practices, with a view to enabling the authorities to implement a speedy and cost-effective resolution process.

Georgia

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-08

The Georgian banking sector is sound and stable and has continued to perform well, but faces a number of key risks and vulnerabilities that need to be closely monitored. Particularly challenging among them are credit and funding risks related to dollarization, concentration in the banking sector, and reliance on nonresident deposits. While NPLs are gradually declining from their peak in 2009, credit growth is above its long-term sustainable trend. Dollarization presents specific challenges as it increases credit and liquidity risks. There are two major dollarization-related problems: First, most of the borrowers in U.S. dollars (USD) are unhedged, as their income and expenditures are in national currency (this is especially evident in case of households). Second, the NBG has limited ability to provide liquidity support in USD and other foreign currencies. However, it should be noted that the NBG is implementing a set of macroprudential measures aimed at making FX lending more expensive for banks. For example, current risk weights for FX loans are topped at 175 percent. Separate stress tests (STs) performed by the NBG and by the FSAP mission show that the banking system as a whole is able to withstand severe shocks, given that most banks maintain healthy capital buffers well above regulatory minimum. The tests were conducted in several scenarios ranging from slow growth to severe macroeconomic shocks, and the results show that major banks would generally remain adequately capitalized, taking into account current profits and introduction of Basel II. In adverse scenarios, recapitalization needs are manageable in terms of GDP (1.6 percent for the worst-case scenario). At the same time, uncertainty due to non-linearity of shocks related to lari depreciation warrant continuation of build-up of capital buffers as long as FX denominated loans constitute substantial share of banks’ loan portfolios. Credit portfolio concentration risks are limited: default by the largest three borrowers would require additional capital of GEL 50 million for five banks. Market risks are very limited, and trading books do not exist. However, some banks are particularly vulnerable and need to strengthen their capital buffers and to mitigate funding risks. These banks exceed the minimum capital requirement by only a few percentage points (p.p.), which limits their loss-absorption capacity. The high level of profitability and solid net interest margins would go down during crisis periods, driving down net interest and other income. To avoid this pitfall, it is important to introduce Individual Capital Guidance, especially for the weakest banks. When it comes to funding risks, further diversification of funding sources and de-dollarization could help to minimize identified vulnerabilities.

Georgia

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-08

There have been significant improvements in both the quality of regulation and the supervisory approach since the 2007 FSAP. Many amendments to existing laws, new laws, and regulations have been introduced, aimed at addressing shortfalls identified in the 2007 FSAP. These improvements will be evident throughout this assessment. At the same time, a number of weaknesses have been identified. Among these is an operational risk within the NBG’s own Banking Supervisory Department. There has been a very high level of staff turnover in recent years due to a lack of salary competitiveness vis-à-vis the commercial banks, and there appears to be over-reliance on key personnel. Also, the level and type of staff training need to be expanded. While the NBG puts significant effort into understanding the risk profile of each individual bank and the banking system as a whole, more attention is needed to improve the quality of risk management of the banks. In a number of areas, notably bank licensing, the NBG relies on its broad supervisory powers to carry out its functions in the absence of detailed explicit powers. While this regime generally seems to work well in practice, it could leave the NBG open to challenge where these broad powers are not supported by more granular powers. Recently, several amendments to the legislation have been introduced in order to address these shortcomings.

Georgia Financial Sector Assessment Program Technical Note Selected Issues In Banking Supervision

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Author : International Monetary
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-30

Georgia Financial Sector Assessment Program Technical Note Selected Issues In Banking Supervision written by International Monetary and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-30 with Business & Economics categories.

This note was prepared for the 2021 FSAP mission to Georgia and provides recommendations on a select set of banking supervision topics against relevant elements of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision. The current review focused on implementation and effectiveness of recent changes to the Georgian banking supervisory framework, and included actions being taken or planned to address current challenges facing Georgian authorities.

Georgia Financial System Stability Assessment

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