Global Biopiracy
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Global Biopiracy
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Author : Ikechi Mgbeoji
language : en
Publisher: UBC Press
Release Date : 2011-11-01
Global Biopiracy written by Ikechi Mgbeoji and has been published by UBC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Legal control and ownership of plants and traditional knowledge of the uses of plants (TKUP) is a vexing issue. The phenomenon of appropriation of plants and TKUP, otherwise known as biopiracy, thrives in a cultural milieu where non-Western forms of knowledge are systemically marginalized and devalued as "folk knowledge" or characterized as inferior. Global Biopiracy rethinks the role of international law and legal concepts, the Western-based, Eurocentric patent systems of the world, and international agricultural research institutions as they affect legal ownership and control of plants and TKUP.
Biopiracy Of Biodiversity
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Author : A. Mushita
language : en
Publisher: Africa Research and Publications
Release Date : 2007
Biopiracy Of Biodiversity written by A. Mushita and has been published by Africa Research and Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Biodiversity categories.
Confronting Biopiracy
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Author : Daniel F. Robinson
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2010
Confronting Biopiracy written by Daniel F. Robinson and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Law categories.
'Biopiracy' refers either to the unauthorised extraction of biological resources, such as plants with medicinal properties, and associated traditional knowledge from indigenous peoples and local communities, or to the patenting of spurious 'inventions' based on such knowledge or resources without compensation. Biopiracy cases continue to emerge in the media and public eye, yet they remain the source of considerable disagreement, confusion, controversy and grief. The aim of this book is to provide the most detailed, coherent analysis of the issue of biopiracy to date.The book synthesises the rise of the issue and increasing use of the term by activists and negotiators in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to form a critical understanding of the themes, implications and politics of biopiracy. Taking a case-study based approach, derived from interviews and fieldwork with researchers, government, industry, local farmers, healers and indigenous people, the author sequentially documents events that have occurred in biopiracy and bioprospecting controversies. Implications and ethical dilemmas are explored, particularly relating to work with local communities, and the power relations entailed. Detailing international debates from the WTO, CBD and other fora in an accessible manner, the book provides a unique overview of current institutional limitations and suggests ways forward. Options and solutions are suggested which are relevant for local communities, national governments, international negotiators, NGO and interest groups, researchers and industry.
Biopiracy
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Author : Vandana Shiva
language : en
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
Release Date : 2016-05-24
Biopiracy written by Vandana Shiva and has been published by North Atlantic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-24 with Political Science categories.
Genetic engineering and the cloning of organisms are “the ultimate expression of the commercialization of science and the commodification of nature.… Life itself is being colonized,” according to renowned environmentalist Vandana Shiva. The resistance to this biopiracy, she argues, is the struggle to conserve both cultural and biological diversity. As the land, forests, oceans, and atmosphere have already been colonized, eroded, and polluted, corporations are now looking for new colonies to exploit and invade for further accumulation—in Shiva’s view, the interior spaces of the bodies of women, plants, and animals. Featuring a new introduction by the author, this edition of Biopiracy is a learned, clear, and passionately stated objection to the ways in which Western businesses are being allowed to expropriate natural processes and traditional forms of knowledge.
Biodiversity Biopiracy And Biopolitics
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Author : Surender Singh Chauhan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Biodiversity Biopiracy And Biopolitics written by Surender Singh Chauhan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Biodiversity categories.
With special reference to India.
Book Review Global Bio Piracy
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Author : Chidi Oguamanam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Book Review Global Bio Piracy written by Chidi Oguamanam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The past 25 years have seen a charged discourse about bio-piracy: the unequal access to benefits of genetic resources and local knowledge, and the intellectual property system's failure to adequately recognize Indigenous or non-western knowledge, while expanding property rights over life forms. Ikechi Mgbeoji fills a need for a specific definition of bio-piracy and chronicles bio-piracy as a legal and social phenomenon. The book's thesis is that the industrialized world uses “two distinct but mutually re-enforcing strategies” to perpetuate bio-piracy: institutional/juridical mechanism, and a gendered and racist construct of indigenous epistemology. Chapter 1puts bio-piracy in historical perspective, and argues that national and global patent systems are vulnerable to manipulation and do not accommodate non-Western world views. Chapter 3 addresses international law concerning the conservation and use of plants and Indigenous knowledge, and examines the implications of bio-piracy for biological and cultural diversity. Chapter 4 expands on Mgbeoji's central thesis. Chapter 5 examines “the appropriative function of the interplay between patent systems of industrialized states and plant breeders' rights." The author discusses state responsibility under international law, arguing for the extension of such responsibilities to curb the menace of bio-piracy. The author explores and critiques various strategies of addressing bio-piracy, and elaborates on changes that would need to be made to the existing patent system to accommodate Indigenous knowledge.
Biopiracy
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Author : Dagnachew Melese Tefera
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2014-12-15
Biopiracy written by Dagnachew Melese Tefera and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-15 with categories.
All living organisms; plants, animals and microbes, carry genetic material that could be potentially useful to humans. Hence, the issue of ownership over genetic resources and related traditional knowledge has become one of the most controversial worldwide agendas. Big pharmaceuticals and the global north argue that genetic resources are common heritages of mankind; hence there should be no restriction of ownership. The global south, however, argue for the recognition of the sovereign right and ownership of states over their genetic resources, hence without their permission no one can either access or own their resources. Mainly until 1990's and even currently, there have been acts of accessing and owning the genetic resources and related traditional knowledge without the consent and/or permission of the owning state of the resource and a subsequent acquisition of patent right for the innovations made. It is this act of plunder of genetic resources that is depicted as an act of Biopiracy. Ethiopia, one of the bio-diverse nations, is also a victim. This work calls for an internationally binding instrument to curb the problem.
Global Biodiversity
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Author : K. C. Agrawal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Global Biodiversity written by K. C. Agrawal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biodiversity categories.
Chiefly in Indian context.
There S No Such Thing As Biopiracy And It S A Good Thing Too
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Author : James Ming Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
There S No Such Thing As Biopiracy And It S A Good Thing Too written by James Ming Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Tales of northern exploitation of biological wealth and ethnobiological knowledge from the global south have become so frequent, so familiar, and so uniform that allegations of biopiracy now follow a predictable script. I come not to praise the biopiracy narrative, but to bury it. Most allegations of biopiracy are so thoroughly riddled with inconsistencies and outright lies that the entire genre, pending further clarification, must be consigned to the realm of rural legend. Despite its implausibility, however, accusations of biopiracy set the rhetorical baseline in many debates within the international law of environmental protection and intellectual property. The time has come to dismantle the myth of biopiracy root and branch.This article assesses claims of biopiracy according to the layered model of information platforms. Every information platform consists of three distinct layers - physical, logical, and content - and biological information is no exception. The conventional biological distinction between phenotypes and genotypes separates the physical from the logical layer of information in individual biological specimens and in species at large. Ethnobiological knowledge is best characterized as the inventive transformation of genetic information into commercially valuable applications. An appropriately utilitarian view of property and its relationship to each layer of biological information dissolves any allegation of biopiracy.Moreover, this article considers what the proponents of the biopiracy narrative have been seeking and how the global community might give the global south what it needs (if not necessarily what it wants). Although the overarching goal of compensating traditional communities for their contribution to the global storehouse of biological knowledge remains out of reach for the moment, more modest - and in many ways more beneficial - intermediate objectives are quite feasible. Simple reforms of existing patent law can prevent outsiders from securing intellectual property in knowledge already developed by traditional communities. In addition, countries rich and poor should develop a framework for regulating the practice of bioprospecting and encourage the professionalization of parataxonomy.
Bio Piracy
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Author : Tabrez Ahmad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Bio Piracy written by Tabrez Ahmad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The Herbal Products which are folk medicines made up of plants and plant extracts. The scope of herbal medicine is expanded to include fungal and bee products as well as minerals, shells and certain animal parts etc. These medicines are served as natural health care unlike synthetic drugs and have no side effect. With the expansion of Globalization, these domestic, folk products in the name of herbal products place themselves in the corners of the world. One out of 125 every species studied at the Herb Research Foundation in Boulder, Colorado, produced a major drug with an annual market of at least $200 million in the US. The future global potential of herbal drugs is thus obvious: only around 1,000 of 365,000 known species of plants have been studied so far for their medicinal properties. And India, with over 45,000 plant species, looms as the major battleground in the ballooning biopiracy stakes. The Indian Herbal and medicinal products industry has a huge potential to be one of the leaders in earning foreign revenues for the country but currently it holds only a very negligible share in total herbal exports of the world. Biopiracy, or the stealing of genetic material and knowledge from communities in the biodiversity-rich developing countries is an exploding issue in the world. Studies have been reported in the past showing more than 40% of Western pharmaceutical products contain Asian plant extracts. But these Asian countries, including the local communities and tribes, earned nothing in return. The herbal and medicinal products face a severe challenge of Bio-piracy on traditional herbal and medicinal products as it threatens to act as a trade barrier to the export of herbal and medicinal products. Advocates of traditional-knowledge protections want nations to share in the financial rewards of patented products based on native plants and animals, but creating a system that could award compensation and resolve disputes presents a mind-boggling challenge. Who gets the rights? How do they manage it? How do they maintain it? How long does it last and from which starting point. These are only a few of the questions that have yet to be answered, There is a widespread consensus that this is an issue that should be addressed, but the world has not agreed on how to approach this problem. The authors will try to explain the major impacts of the Bio-piracy and also bring forth the necessary recommendations to handle the problem of Bio-piracy.