Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Download Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Mr.David Coady
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-05-02
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates written by Mr.David Coady and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right A Global And Country Update Of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Ian Parry
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-24
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right A Global And Country Update Of Fossil Fuel Subsidies written by Ian Parry and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-24 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
Imf Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2023 Update
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Mr. Simon Black
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-08-24
Imf Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2023 Update written by Mr. Simon Black and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-24 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $7 trillion in 2022 or 7.1 percent of GDP. Explicit subsidies (undercharging for supply costs) have more than doubled since 2020 but are still only 18 percent of the total subsidy, while nearly 60 percent is due to undercharging for global warming and local air pollution. Differences between efficient prices and retail fuel prices are large and pervasive, for example, 80 percent of global coal consumption was priced at below half of its efficient level in 2022. Full fossil fuel price reform would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions to an estimated 43 percent below baseline levels in 2030 (in line with keeping global warming to 1.5-2oC), while raising revenues worth 3.6 percent of global GDP and preventing 1.6 million local air pollution deaths per year. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 170 countries.
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Vernon JC Rive
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform written by Vernon JC Rive and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This much-needed book provides an empirically-grounded, and theoretically informed account of international law sources, mechanisms, initiatives and institutions which address and affect the practice of subsidising fossil fuel consumption and production. Drawing on recent scholarship on emerging international governance mechanisms, ‘informal’ international law-making and regime interaction, it offers suggestions, and critiques suggestions of others, for how the international law framework could be employed more effectively and appropriately to respond to environmentally and fiscally harmful fossil fuel subsidies.
Energy Subsidy Reform
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Mr. Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-09-13
Energy Subsidy Reform written by Mr. Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Energy subsidies have wide-ranging economic consequences. Although they are aimed at protecting consumers, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. Subsidies also distort resource allocation by encouraging excessive energy consumption, artificially promoting capital-intensive industries, reducing incentives for investment in renewable energy, and accelerating the depletion of natural resources. Most subsidy benefits are captured by higher-income households, reinforcing inequality. Even future generations are affected through the damaging effects of increased energy consumption on global warming. This book provides (1) the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and (2) an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
Speed Scale
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : John Doerr
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2021-11-09
Speed Scale written by John Doerr and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-09 with Business & Economics categories.
“If you care about climate change, John Doerr’s new book, Speed & Scale, offers concrete steps that we can all take to make a difference.” - Barack Obama With clear-eyed realism and an engineer’s precision, Doerr lays out the practical actions, global ambitions, and economic investments we need to avert climate catastrophe. Guided by real-world solutions, Speed & Scale features unprecedented, firsthand accounts from climate leaders such as Laurene Powell Jobs, Christiana Figueres, Al Gore, Mary Barra, John Kerry, and dozens of other intrepid policymakers, innovators, and scientists. In Speed & Scale, Doerr presents a compelling 10-step plan to cut greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050–the global goal we need to reach to ensure a livable Earth for generations to come. From electrifying our energy grid to fixing our global food supply chain to capturing carbon from the air, Speed & Scale contains practical solutions for policymakers and entrepreneurs alike. As the world confronts an urgent climate crisis, Doerr reminds us that it is also the greatest economic opportunity of our lifetimes. Whether you’re a climate scientist or someone striving to make a difference in your local community, this book will help you to activate the sustainable solutions the world urgently needs. Praise for Speed & Scale: “Everybody should get Speed & Scale by John Doerr.” - Meryl Streep “A practical guide for participation in decarbonizing the global economy, a task as challenging as it is urgent.” - Christiana Figueres
Planetary Health
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Andy Haines
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-07-22
Planetary Health written by Andy Haines and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-22 with Law categories.
Human health is facing unprecedented threats from global environmental change. This book describes the challenges and opportunities to safeguard health.
Democratic Republic Of S O Tom And Pr Ncipe Selected Issues
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : International Monetary
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-04-04
Democratic Republic Of S O Tom And Pr Ncipe Selected Issues written by International Monetary and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe: Selected Issues
Solving The Climate Crisis
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : John J. Berger
language : en
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
Release Date : 2023-10-24
Solving The Climate Crisis written by John J. Berger and has been published by Seven Stories Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-24 with Science categories.
Groundbreaking solutions to the climate crisis from scientists, engineers, civic leaders, entrepreneurs and activists, offering hope to all readers concerned about our planet's future. Offers practical actions that reflect technological and economic advances with an introduction by former United States senator Russ Feingold. Solving the Climate Crisis is a hopeful and critical resource that makes a convincing and detailed case that there is a path forward to save our environment. Illustrating the power of committed individuals and the necessity for collaborative government and private-sector climate action, the book focuses on three essential areas: The technological dimension: move to 100% clean renewable energy as fast as we possibly can through innovations like clean-steel, “green” cement, and carbon-reuse companies; The ecological dimension: enhance and protect natural ecosystems, forests, and agricultural lands to safely store greenhouse gases and restore soils, transforming how we grow, process, and consume food; The social dimension: update and create new laws, policies and economic measures to recenter human values and reduce environmental and social injustice. Based on more than 6 years of research, Berger traveled the nation and abroad to interview governors, mayors, ranchers, scientists, engineers, business leaders, energy experts, and financiers as well as carbon farmers, solar and wind innovators, forest protectors, non-profit leaders, and activists. With real world examples, an explanation of cutting-edge technologies in solar and wind, and political organizing tactics, Solving the Climate Crisis provides a practical road map for how we effectively combat climate change. Replacing the fossil-fuel system with a newly invigorated, modernized, clean-energy economy will produce tens of millions of new jobs and save trillions of dollars. Protecting the climate is thus potentially the greatest economic opportunity of our time.
Research Handbook On Climate Change Mitigation Law
DOWNLOAD eBooks
Author : Reins, Leonie
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2022-09-08
Research Handbook On Climate Change Mitigation Law written by Reins, Leonie and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-08 with Law categories.
This meticulously revised second edition provides a comparative overview of climate change mitigation issues and international regulatory approaches, bringing together expert contributors to analyse key sectors such as energy, transport, cities, industry, land use, agriculture and waste.