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Global Genes Local Concerns


Global Genes Local Concerns
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Global Genes Local Concerns


Global Genes Local Concerns
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Author : Timo Minssen
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019

Global Genes Local Concerns written by Timo Minssen and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Biobanks categories.


With interdisciplinary chapters written by lawyers, sociologists, doctors and biobank practitioners, Global Genes, Local Concerns identifies and discusses the most pressing issues in contemporary biobanking. Addressing pressing questions such as how do national biobanks best contribute to translational research and how could academic and industrial exploitation, ownership and IPR issues be addressed and facilitated, this book contributes to the continued development of international biobanking by highlighting and analysing the complexities in this important area of research.



Foundations Of Global Genetic Optimization


Foundations Of Global Genetic Optimization
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Author : Robert Schaefer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-07-07

Foundations Of Global Genetic Optimization written by Robert Schaefer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Genetic algorithms today constitute a family of e?ective global optimization methods used to solve di?cult real-life problems which arise in science and technology. Despite their computational complexity, they have the ability to explore huge data sets and allow us to study exceptionally problematic cases in which the objective functions are irregular and multimodal, and where information about the extrema location is unobtainable in other ways. Theybelongtotheclassofiterativestochasticoptimizationstrategiesthat, during each step, produce and evaluate the set of admissible points from the search domain, called the random sample or population. As opposed to the Monte Carlo strategies, in which the population is sampled according to the uniform probability distribution over the search domain, genetic algorithms modify the probability distribution at each step. Mechanisms which adopt sampling probability distribution are transposed from biology. They are based mainly on genetic code mutation and crossover, as well as on selection among living individuals. Such mechanisms have been testedbysolvingmultimodalproblemsinnature,whichiscon?rmedinpart- ular by the many species of animals and plants that are well ?tted to di?erent ecological niches. They direct the search process, making it more e?ective than a completely random one (search with a uniform sampling distribution). Moreover,well-tunedgenetic-basedoperationsdonotdecreasetheexploration ability of the whole admissible set, which is vital in the global optimization process. The features described above allow us to regard genetic algorithms as a new class of arti?cial intelligence methods which introduce heuristics, well tested in other ?elds, to the classical scheme of stochastic global search.



Managing Global Genetic Resources


Managing Global Genetic Resources
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1993-01-01

Managing Global Genetic Resources written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.


This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.



Genome Finland


Genome Finland
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Author : Ilpo Helén
language : en
Publisher: Helsinki University Press
Release Date : 2024-06-27

Genome Finland written by Ilpo Helén and has been published by Helsinki University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-27 with Medical categories.


Genome Finland tells a story of genomic medicine in Finland from the study of rare Finnish diseases in the 1960s and 1970s to the implementation of personalized medicine in the 2020s. The main focus is on the 21st century – the period after the Human Genome Project – and on the establishment of new infrastructures to support genomic medicine, such as biobanks. The book opens up the reasoning and discussions as well as the settings and events through which Finnish medical genetics reached the top level of international biomedicine in the late 1990s, biobanks and biobank research evolved during the 2000s and 2010s, and large transnational public-private partnership projects utilising massive amounts of genome and patient data started to dominate also Finnish research into the 2020s. In particular, Genome Finland examines and exposes the connections between biomedical science, ‘knowledge-based’ economy and business, and innovation policy in Finland during the past decades.



Governing Intellectual Property Rights Within Publicly Funded Biobanks


Governing Intellectual Property Rights Within Publicly Funded Biobanks
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Author : Rajam Neethu
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2019-06-21

Governing Intellectual Property Rights Within Publicly Funded Biobanks written by Rajam Neethu and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-21 with Law categories.


Governing Intellectual Property Rights Within Publicly Funded Biobanks R. Neethu The boom in biobanks and health databases as research infrastructures have evoked various legal and ethical debates. Since then numerous new developments have emerged such as digitalization, big-data research and artificial intelligence which has important implications for biobank-based research and collaborations. This new paradigm offers new legal challenges for commercial involvement particularly within a publicly funded setting. In this innovative book, the author shows that securing maximum social benefit out of the knowledge emanating from the use of biobank resources lies in managing intellectual property inputs and outputs effectively in keeping with the values core to such research. Focusing on the challenges of involving intellectual property rights (IPRs) particularly in the precompetitive phase of biobank-based research, the book offers an extensive understanding of the role of different IPRs and identifies the gaps in the law and its implications for biobanks. The analysis covers important aspects in relation to biobanks such as: Digital integration and biomedical data storage; Ownership of biological samples; Commercialization and benefit sharing; Partnership models; Public sector research; Disposition of samples; Consent; Cross-border exchange; Trade secrecy; Privacy; Regulatory stewardship; Business strategies; Ethical considerations over biological resources; Patenting of inventions relating to personalized medicine; Ethical parameters within patent law; and Rights regarding genetic data and databases. The book includes observations, case studies and interviews conducted by the author. In conclusion, the author offers cogent recommendations for legal interoperability of IP rules and research practices designed to enhance the ability of biobanks to share, access and reuse data. This book is the first of its kind to explore the organizational and legislative choices for biobanks particularly while engaging in the protection of research results and technology transfer within a publicly funded setting. It will be of substantial interest to all stakeholders in biobanking, especially policymakers, biobankers and researchers working in the field of health law as well as for legal practitioners, academics and patient interest groups.



Global Genes Local Concerns


Global Genes Local Concerns
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Author : Timo Minssen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Global Genes Local Concerns written by Timo Minssen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Biobanks categories.


With interdisciplinary chapters written by lawyers, sociologists, doctors and biobank practitioners, Global Genes, Local Concerns identifies and discusses the most pressing issues in contemporary biobanking. Addressing pressing questions such as how do national biobanks best contribute to translational research and how could academic and industrial exploitation, ownership and IPR issues be addressed and facilitated, this book contributes to the continued development of international biobanking by highlighting and analysing the complexities in this important area of research.



The Routledge Handbook Of Food Ethics


The Routledge Handbook Of Food Ethics
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Author : Mary Rawlinson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-07-01

The Routledge Handbook Of Food Ethics written by Mary Rawlinson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Philosophy categories.


While the history of philosophy has traditionally given scant attention to food and the ethics of eating, in the last few decades the subject of food ethics has emerged as a major topic, encompassing a wide array of issues, including labor justice, public health, social inequity, animal rights and environmental ethics. This handbook provides a much needed philosophical analysis of the ethical implications of the need to eat and the role that food plays in social, cultural and political life. Unlike other books on the topic, this text integrates traditional approaches to the subject with cutting edge research in order to set a new agenda for philosophical discussions of food ethics. The Routledge Handbook of Food Ethics is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising over 35 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into 7 parts: the phenomenology of food gender and food food and cultural diversity liberty, choice and food policy food and the environment farming and eating other animals food justice Essential reading for students and researchers in food ethics, it is also an invaluable resource for those in related disciplines such as environmental ethics and bioethics.



Handbook Of Intellectual Property Research


Handbook Of Intellectual Property Research
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Author : Irene Calboli
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021

Handbook Of Intellectual Property Research written by Irene Calboli and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Law categories.


This book offers a comprehensive overview of the methods and approaches that could be used as guidelines to address and develop scholarly research questions related to intellectual property law, bringing together contributions from a diverse group of scholars who derive from a wide range of countries, backgrounds, and legal traditions.



Gdpr And Biobanking


Gdpr And Biobanking
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Author : Santa Slokenberga
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-01-05

Gdpr And Biobanking written by Santa Slokenberga and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-05 with Law categories.


This open access book focuses on the discrepancies in biobank research regulations that are among the most significant hurdles to effective research collaboration. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has established stringent requirements for the processing of health and genetic data, while simultaneously allowing considerable multi-level exceptions for the purposes of scientific research. In addition to directly applicable exceptions, the GDPR places the regulatory responsibility for further defining how the Member States strike a balance between the individuals' rights and the public interest in research within their national legal orders. Since Member States' approaches to the trade-off between data subjects' rights on the one hand, and appropriate safeguards on the other, differ according to their ethical and legal traditions, their data protection requirements for research also differ considerably. This study takes a comprehensive approach to determine how the GDPR affects regulatory regimes on the use of personal data in biobanking research, with a particular focus on the balance between individuals' rights, public interest and scientific research. In this regard, it has two main goals: first, to scrutinize the GDPR research regime, its objective and constitutive elements, the impact it has on biobanking, and its role in a changing EU landscape post-Brexit; and second, to examine how various exceptions have been operationalized nationally, and what challenges and opportunities this diversification entails. The book not only captures the complexity GDPR creates for biobanking, but also sheds light on various approaches to tackling the corresponding challenges. It offers the first comprehensive analysis of GDPR for biobanking, and the most up-to-date overview of the national biobank regulatory frameworks in Europe.



Fairness Morality And Ordre Public In Intellectual Property


Fairness Morality And Ordre Public In Intellectual Property
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Author : Daniel J.Gervais
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2020-04-24

Fairness Morality And Ordre Public In Intellectual Property written by Daniel J.Gervais and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-24 with Law categories.


This incisive book explores the ways in which the major notions of fairness, morality and ordre public can be used both to justify and to limit intellectual property rights. Written by an international team of experts in the field, it provides varied and sometimes divergent perspectives on how these notions are applied to different rights and in different contexts.