Global Injustice Collective Responsibility And Individual Action
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Global Injustice Collective Responsibility And Individual Action
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Author : Sze-Yi Pao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Global Injustice Collective Responsibility And Individual Action written by Sze-Yi Pao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Global Injustice, Collective Responsibility, and Individual Action" by Sze-yi, Pao, 包世一, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: I examine under what conditions an ordinary individual living in a globally affluent country is responsible for the occurrence of global and international injustices like climate change, extreme poverty, and unjust wars, and is required to remedy them. One problem is that in virtue of their scale and complexity, global problems are produced and can only be solved by collective action (or inaction). An individual's contributory action (or inaction), taken in isolation, is insufficient or even unnecessary to bring about the collective harm or prevent it. I argue that an individual's contribution that is unnecessary to the harm occurring is nonetheless unjustified if it causally contributes to the harm or if it fails to meet some subjective conditions. I also suggest that the particular way individuals' actions interact to produce a collective outcome has implications for what an individual should do: it matters whether the collective harm emerges only when the number of contributions meet an exact, all-or-nothing threshold, or whether it is the result of an incremental aggregation of a large number of individually insignificant contributions. Regarding some instances of global injustice, the collective harming in question is not a discrete, anomalous event against a just background condition but is rather a prevalent practice embedded in the social structure comprising the social rules, culture, and infrastructure. While actions of ordinary individuals help perpetrate the unjust social structure, it is institutions like states, corporations, and supra-national agencies that set the framework of the structure. Institutions may even be the perpetrators of harm, and individuals contribute, if they do, only as accessories. For instance, when buying products from a multinational corporation, an individual may - intentionally or not - provide support to its malpractices (e.g., exploitation of workers or environmental pollution), and a citizen who is not directly involved in his state's act of waging an unjust war may financially contribute to it through his tax payment. I discuss how the dynamic between institutional actors and ordinary individuals bears on our evaluation of these latter's responsibility for global injustices. A number of theories seek to justify imputing remedial duties to individuals for harmful acts committed by their state functionaries or their co-nationals on the mere basis of their membership in their states or nations, i.e., notwithstanding that they have not contributed, through their actions or omissions, to the harms. I examine three such accounts that appeal to three different criteria of state or national membership: sharing the national culture in general; willingly participating in (and receiving benefits from) the state's activities; and hypothetically "authorizing" the state's acts. I contend that some of these criteria are not clearly spelled out and their empirical applicability to the cases concerned is limited. More importantly, responsibility distributed on grounds of group membership is at most vicarious responsibility, and it is not clear that given the particular nature of the group in question, namely, the nation-state, it is justified to hold its members, i.e., the citizenry, responsible when they are not truly responsible. Subjects: Justice Individual Responsibility
Cosmopolitan Responsibility
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Author : Jan-Christoph Heilinger
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-11-18
Cosmopolitan Responsibility written by Jan-Christoph Heilinger and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-18 with Philosophy categories.
The world we live in is unjust. Preventable deprivation and suffering shape the lives of many people, while others enjoy advantages and privileges aplenty. Cosmopolitan responsibility addresses the moral responsibilities of privileged individuals to take action in the face of global structural injustice. Individuals are called upon to complement institutional efforts to respond to global challenges, such as climate change, unfair global trade, or world poverty. Committed to an ideal of relational equality among all human beings, the book discusses the impact of individual action, the challenge of special obligations, and the possibility of moral overdemandingness in order to lay the ground for an action-guiding ethos of cosmopolitan responsibility. This thought-provoking book will be of interest to any reflective reader concerned about justice and responsibilities in a globalised world. Jan-Christoph Heilinger is a moral and political philosopher. He teaches at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, and at Ecole normale supérieure, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Just Responsibility
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Author : Brooke A. Ackerly
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
Just Responsibility written by Brooke A. Ackerly and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Philosophy categories.
Can we respond to injustices in the world in ways that do more than just address their consequences? In this book, Brooke A. Ackerly argues that what to do about injustice is not just an ethical or moral question, but a political question about assuming responsibility for injustice. Ultimately, Just Responsibility offers a theory of global injustice and political responsibility that can guide action.
Global Poverty And Individual Responsibility
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Author : Abigail Gosselin
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2009
Global Poverty And Individual Responsibility written by Abigail Gosselin and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
Global poverty and responsibility -- Duties of beneficence -- Duties of redress -- Duties of institutional justice -- Responsibilities of affluent individuals.
Global Injustice And Obligations To Take Political Action
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Author : Elizabeth Kahn
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-13
Global Injustice And Obligations To Take Political Action written by Elizabeth Kahn and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-13 with Political Science categories.
Sharing Responsibility
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Author : Larry May
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1996-06
Sharing Responsibility written by Larry May and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06 with Philosophy categories.
Are individuals responsible for the consequences of actions taken by their community? What about their community's inaction or its attitudes? In this innovative book, Larry May departs from the traditional Western view that moral responsibility is limited to the consequences of overt individual action. Drawing on the insights of Arendt, Jaspers, and Sartre, he argues that even when individuals are not direct participants, they share responsibility for various harms perpetrated by their communities.
Encyclopedia Of Global Justice
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Author : Deen K. Chatterjee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011
Encyclopedia Of Global Justice written by Deen K. Chatterjee and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Electronic books categories.
This encyclopedia provides a premier reference guide for students, scholars, policy makers, and others interested in assessing the moral consequences of global interdependence and understanding the concepts and arguments that shed light on the myriad aspects of global justice.
Cosmopolitan Responsibility
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Author : Jan-Christoph Heilinger
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-11-18
Cosmopolitan Responsibility written by Jan-Christoph Heilinger and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-18 with Philosophy categories.
The world we live in is unjust. Preventable deprivation and suffering shape the lives of many people, while others enjoy advantages and privileges aplenty. Cosmopolitan responsibility addresses the moral responsibilities of privileged individuals to take action in the face of global structural injustice. Individuals are called upon to complement institutional efforts to respond to global challenges, such as climate change, unfair global trade, or world poverty. Committed to an ideal of relational equality among all human beings, the book discusses the impact of individual action, the challenge of special obligations, and the possibility of moral overdemandingness in order to lay the ground for an action-guiding ethos of cosmopolitan responsibility. This thought-provoking book will be of interest to any reflective reader concerned about justice and responsibilities in a globalised world. Jan-Christoph Heilinger is a moral and political philosopher. He teaches at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, and at Ecole normale supérieure, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Envisioning A Sustainable Society
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Author : Lester W. Milbrath
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 1989-11-01
Envisioning A Sustainable Society written by Lester W. Milbrath and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-11-01 with Religion categories.
The evidence is increasingly persuasive. We are changing the way our planet's physical systems work—irrevocably. These changes are global and interconnected and unavoidable. They are upon us already, making it virtually impossible for any modern society to continue its present trajectory of growth. This book provides a penetrating analysis of how we have come to this point, of why science and technology will fail to solve these problems, and of how we as a society must change in order to avoid ecological catastrophe. The scope is broad, the urgency of the message is impossible to ignore.
Injustice
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Author : Michael E. Goodhart
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
Injustice written by Michael E. Goodhart and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Philosophy categories.
"This book challenges the dominant approach to problems of justice in global normative theory and offers a radical alternative designed to transform our thinking about what kind of problem injustice is and how political theorists might do better in understanding and addressing it. It argues that the dominant approach, ideal moral theory (IMT), takes a fundamentally wrong-headed approach to the problem of justice. IMT seeks to work out what an ideally just society would look like, and only then outlines our moral obligations in realizing that ideal. In other words, it ignores the realities of everyday politics. As Michael Goodhart asserts, IMT postpones engagement with actually existing injustices and distorts our understanding of them, and it normalizes many problematic features of our world. On the other hand, the leading alternatives to IMT struggle to make sense of the role values play in politics. This book sees justice as an ideology and develops an innovative bifocal theoretical framework for making sense of it. This framework provides two complementary perspectives on justice: a theoretical perspective that situates competing ideological claims about justice in a broader political context and a partisan perspective that evaluates the structure and coherence of particular conceptions of justice. As opposed to IMT, it focuses on barriers to justice and advocates an activist political theory that takes sides in political struggles against injustice. Goodhart argues that theorists can help to generate the countervailing power necessary for social transformation through the work of articulation, translation, and mapping, work which contributes to a more comprehensive social science of injustice"--