Glycosyltransferases
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Glycosyltransferases Advances In Research And Application 2011 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09
Glycosyltransferases Advances In Research And Application 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Medical categories.
Glycosyltransferases: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Glycosyltransferases in a concise format. The editors have built Glycosyltransferases: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Glycosyltransferases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Glycosyltransferases: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Glycosyltransferases
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Author : Inka Brockhausen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Glycosyltransferases written by Inka Brockhausen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Biochemistry categories.
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are essential for the biosynthesis of complex glycoconjugates and are powerful tools to study the functions of complex glycans in health, development and disease. Complex glycoconjugates, such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids, are assembled by GTs which synthesize specific linkages between sugars or sugars and protein. This is in contrast to the non-specific or less specific chemical glycation reactions, transglycosylation and reverse glycosylation reactions. Glycosyltransferases: Methods and Protocols contains a wide range of studies, methods and protocols which form a solid basis for investigations of the role and mechanisms, biology and pathology involving GTs. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Glycosyltransferases: Methods and Protocols is a vital contribution to glycobiology and glycopathology, and to applications of these enzymes in biotechnology and drug development. It will prove invaluable to students, postdoctoral fellows, and senior scientists carrying on research of GTs that has been intensified over the last years.
Handbook Of Glycosyltransferases And Related Genes
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Author : Naoyuki Taniguchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-28
Handbook Of Glycosyltransferases And Related Genes written by Naoyuki Taniguchi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-28 with Science categories.
The so-called postgenomic research era has now been launched, and the field of gly cobiology and glycotechnology has become one of the most important areas in life science because glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification reaction of proteins in vivo. On the basis of Swiss-Prot data, over 50% proteins are known to undergo glycosylation, but in fact the actual functions of most of the sugar chains in the glycoconjugates remain unknown. The complex carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans represent the secondary gene products formed through the reactions of glycosyl transferases. The regulation of the biosynthesis of sugar chains is under the control of the expression of glycosyltransferases, their substrate specificity, and their local ization in specific tissue sites. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that these enzymes play pivotal roles in a variety of important cellular differentiation and developmental events, as well as in disease processes. Over 300 glycosyltransferases appear to exist in mammalian tissues. If the genes that have been purified and cloned from various species such as humans, cattle, pigs, rats and mice are counted as one, approximately 110 glycogenes that encode glycosyltransferases and related genes have been cloned at present, and this number continues to grow each day. However, most of the functions of the glycosyltransferase genes and related genes are unknown. This fact has stimulated numerous new and interesting approaches in molecular biologi cal investigations.
Glycosyltransferases Advances In Research And Application 2012 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-12-26
Glycosyltransferases Advances In Research And Application 2012 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-26 with Medical categories.
Glycosyltransferases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Glycosyltransferases in a concise format. The editors have built Glycosyltransferases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Glycosyltransferases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Glycosyltransferases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Glycosyltransferases Advances In Research And Application 2013 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2013-06-21
Glycosyltransferases Advances In Research And Application 2013 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-21 with Medical categories.
Glycosyltransferases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Hexosyltransferases in a concise format. The editors have built Glycosyltransferases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Hexosyltransferases in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Glycosyltransferases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Advancing Mechanistic Understanding Of Glycosyltransferases
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Author : Susannah Melanie Lynn Gagnon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Advancing Mechanistic Understanding Of Glycosyltransferases written by Susannah Melanie Lynn Gagnon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Glycosyltransferase enzymes synthesize glycosidic linkages, generating carbohydrates and carbohydrate-linked entities ranging from cellulose, starch, and chitin to glycolipids, glycopeptides, and natural product antibiotics. These syntheses involve stereo- and regio-specific sugar transfer from an activated donor molecule, often a UDP-sugar, to an acceptor molecule. Functionally, glycosyltransferases are classified as either "retaining" or "inverting" enzymes depending on whether the stereochemical linkage of the donor substrate is conserved in the product. While inverting glycosyltransfer is mechanistically straightforward, the retaining mechanism remains poorly understood. For retaining glycosyltransferases, the central question is whether transfer occurs via a front-face "SNi-like" mechanism or through a 'double displacement' mechanism that invokes a glycosyl-enzyme covalent intermediate. GTA and GTB are retaining enzymes that catalyze the final step in human ABO(H) blood group A and B antigen synthesis through UDP-GalNAc or UDP-Gal transfer, respectively, to the H-antigen disaccharide acceptor. Although they have been intensively characterized, the processes of substrate recognition, mobile loop organization, and product release in GTA and GTB has long resisted explanation. Further, the question of the retaining enzyme mechanism persists, though the covalent intermediate of the proposed double displacement mechanism has been detected via mass spectrometry experiments with GTA/GTB mutants. Building on previous investigations, we have aimed to characterize and have uncovered details of mechanism, substrate binding, loop organization, and product release using a combined kinetic and structural approach. These investigations are essential not only for understanding GTA, GTB, and retaining glycosyltransferases as a whole, but also for the rational design of inhibitors. Such inhibitors could selectively target, for example, bacterial glycosyltransferases and thus would represent a new class of antimicrobials.
Applications Of Glycosyltransferases In Drug Discovery
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Applications Of Glycosyltransferases In Drug Discovery written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Sugar nucleotides play a critical role in biology as substrates for glycosyltransferase enzymes, which are ubiquitous throughout biology and involved in a variety of essential processes which include energy storage, carbohydrate metabolism, intra- and extracellular trafficking and recognition, protein glycosylation, cell wall biosynthesis, and the synthesis of medicinally relevant natural products. The study and application of glycosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of natural products and drug discovery efforts and, indeed, the role of glycosylation in biology in general, continues to be limited by both the lack of glycosyltransferases promiscuous in terms of both nucleotide sugar and aglycon recognition and easily accessible routes to sugar nucleotides. The Streptomyces antibioticus glycosyltransferase OleD, however, provides an excellent model system for both understanding general promiscuity and catalyzing formation of nucleotide sugars through application of underutilized reverse reactions. Additionally, both the wild type enzyme and its engineered variants are capable of serving as general catalysts for drug discovery efforts by recognizing over 70 unique aglycon scaffolds, afford facile access to over 40 unique natural and `unnatural' nucleotide sugars in a combinatorial manner, serve as a model with which to understand and exploit the typical thermodynamic landscape of these reactions, and provide high throughput colorimetric assays for general glycosyl transfer and sugar nucleotide utilization. These discoveries and technology developments are directly applicable to drug discovery, protein engineering, and other sugar nucleotide dependent investigations and promise to inspire future efforts into understanding and harnessing glycosylation's unique role in biology.
Glycosylation
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Author : Mohammed Al-Rubeai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11
Glycosylation written by Mohammed Al-Rubeai and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Science categories.
The analysis and modification of glycans of recombinant proteins continues to be active and challenging area of research and for the successful manufacture of these proteins. In Cell Engineering, volume 3: Glycosylation, Dr. Mohammed Al-Rubeai has compiled a group of articles that will provide research workers not only with reviews of the advances that have been made in all facets of the subject but with an in-depth assessment of the state of the art methodology and the various approaches for the improvement of glycoprotein production. Particularly important in this respect is the advances made in the development of genetically engineered host cell lines with novel glycosylation properties, as well as the integration of mass spectrophotometric analysis with separation techniques. This volume is intended not only for research students and senior scientists in cell culture and glycobiology, but also for industrial biotechnologists and biochemical engineers interested in the production of therapeutic glycoproteins, virus vector and ex vivo expansion of human cells for medical treatment.
Identification Characterization And Utilization Of Glycosyltransferases
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Author : Nicholas Roman Pettit
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Identification Characterization And Utilization Of Glycosyltransferases written by Nicholas Roman Pettit and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Abstract: Among the many biomolecules found in nature, such as amino acids and DNA, carbohydrates are among the most important and abundant. The assembly of carbohydrates to build various oligosaccharides or glycans is of considerable interest in the glycobiology community, as understanding, controlling, and manipulating such assemblies can yield many interesting insights. This is because glycans are directly involved with many critical biological processes such as molecular recognition, cell-to-cell communication, protein folding and stability, as well as being involved many unique disease state phenotypes. The assembly of these glycans is commonly accomplished by a class of enzymes called glycosyltransferases, and it is these enzymes which have been exploited in vitro for the synthesis of attractive oligosaccharides. However, the identification, characterization, and subsequent exploitation of a glycosyltransferase is a very tedious and long process which stems from the root problem that knowing the primary function of a glycosyltransferase must be determined experimentally. This is because glycans are not the result of primary gene products, and identifying the function and specificity of a glycosyltransferase is not straight forward. In this thesis, the work has been focusing on developing a method by which function can be quickly assigned to a putative glycosyltransferase, as well as characterizing several bacterial glycosyltransferases, and lastly exploiting glycosyltransferase functions to perform various functions Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to the function of glycans, the function and biosynthesis of cell surface oligosaccharides, an overview of the methodologies used to determine glycosyltransferase functions, and lastly a review of chemical approaches to study and exploit oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Chapter 2 and 3 are primarily associated with characterization of bacterial glycosyltransferases and biosynthesis of O-antigen structures in two different strains of E. coli. Chapter 2 focuses on investigating the biosynthesis of the O-antigen repeating unit in E. coli O127 and E. coli O128; whereas Chapter 3 focuses on the detailed biochemical characterization of WbnI, a bacterial homologue of the important human blood group B galactosyltransferase. In Chapter 4, a high throughput technology was developed by which a putative glycosyltransferase can be quickly cloned, expressed, and relative substrate specificity determined. This work utilizes ligation independent cloning, in vitro protein expression, and SAMDI mass spectrometry along with a library of donor/acceptor substrates, by which enzymatic activity of putative glycosyltransferases is assessed. In Chapter 5, glycosyltransferases and sugar nucleotide biosynthesis are exploited both in vivo and in vitro for the synthesis of interesting and novel oligosaccharides. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the main results of all the studies included in this thesis, and also provides further directions for each project.
Essentials Of Glycobiology
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Author : Ajit Varki
language : en
Publisher: CSHL Press
Release Date : 1999
Essentials Of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and has been published by CSHL Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.