Government Allocation Of Property Rights
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Property Rights Planning And Markets
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Author : Christopher J. Webster
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Property Rights Planning And Markets written by Christopher J. Webster and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
''This is an important book. The authors in effect offer a positive theory of planning and urbanisation. As such, Webster and Lai''s model, based on institutional economics, is a vast improvement on some equally ambitious predecessors. The book''s insights and clarity make it a must reading for anyone seeking better understanding of how cities evolve as they do, and why planning is an integral part of their evolution.'' - Ernest Alexander, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US ''A truly remarkable achievement.'' - Mark Pennington, University of London, UK ''Chris Webster and Lawrence Lai have created a coherent and insightful integration of concepts such as property rights, organizations, competition, incentives, transaction costs, public goods, and externalities, which will help theorists and urban practitioners analyze and manage city goods and services. An important insight of the authors is the recognition of the interdependencies of people in a neighborhood, which can be efficiently handled with shares in the property value of the neighborhood. There is a constant question of how much markets and how much government should be involved in urban matters, and the authors provide a reasoned, balanced approach which recognizes the vital role of government while appreciating the effectiveness of markets and decentralized decision making, including private institutions or" clubs" such as homeowners'' associations. Their position that governments and markets co-evolve and complement one another is sound, and their conclusions regarding the need to provide clear property rights and efficient rules provide us with theoretical tools to better understand how cities can be improved while being wary of the "allure of utopia".'' - Fred Foldvary, Santa Clara University, California, US ''This is a really important contribution to the planning literature. Beautifully written and clearly structured, it explains the complex relationship between" planning" and "markets" using the economic perspective of transaction cost theory and the" new-institutionalism". This provides a robust way of addressing the old "economic and planning" agenda, which the authors illustrate with references to cases and situations from across the world. Informative and stimulating, this should be included in every planning theory course, and will be helpful to all trying to re-think old debates about planning and markets.'' - Patsy Healey, Newcastle University, UK ''Professors Webster and Lai have written a masterly work that applies the principles of Hayek and of institutional economics to understanding cities. This is a refreshing and more convincing alternative to the standard politically correct views.'' - Harry W. Richardson, University of Southern California, US ''Property Rights, Planning and Markets covers an original and intriguing issue, viz. the existence and development of cities at the interface of market forces and planned or controlled policies ...the book offers new horizons and contains refreshing reading material.'' - Peter Nijkamp, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands This book represents a major innovation in the institutional analysis of cities and their planning, management and governance. Using concepts of transaction costs and property rights, the work shows systematically how urban order evolves as individuals co-operate in cities for mutual gain. Five kinds of urban order are examined, arising as co-operating individuals seek to reduce the costs of transacting with each other. These are organisational order (combinations of property rights), institutional order (rules and sanctions), proprietary order (fragmentation of property rights), spatial order and public domain order. Property Rights, Planning and Markets also offers an institutional interpretation of urban planning and management that challenges both the view that planning inevitably conflicts with freedom of contract and the view that its function is a means of correcting market failures. Real life examples from countries and regions around the world are used to illustrate the universal relevance of theoretical generalisations, which will be welcomed by a new generation of policymakers and students who take on a world view that goes beyond national boundaries.
Institutional Change In The Horn Of Africa
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Author : Sandra F. Joireman
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 1997-07
Institutional Change In The Horn Of Africa written by Sandra F. Joireman and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Traditional theories of property rights change have posited an evolutionary progression of property rights towards private property in response to changes in the relative price ratio of land compared to the other factors of production. Using case studies from two areas of Ethiopia and one area of Eritrea the dissertation demonstrates the role of political factors such as interest group preference and state intervention in directing property rights development away from a linear path. The case studies trace the development of three separate systems of property rights throughout the twentieth century up to the Ethiopian revolution of 1974. Analysis of history and litigation in the three areas demonstrates that in none did property rights evolve spontaneously towards privatization. In one area of the study relative price changes did not lead to changes in the system of property rights as the theory predicts. In the other two areas, changes in property rights followed a change in the relative price of land, but these changes were brought about exogenously, by the intervention of the government or interest groups in guiding property rights in a particular direction. There are two theoretical conclusions to the study 1) property rights development does not always occur when we expect it to, other factors such as vested interests and government reluctance can intervene with their development and 2) even if property rights do change in response to relative price changes, they may not always move towards privatization or greater specification. In addition, one interesting empirical result of the research was that in communal systems of land tenure the transaction costs of land transfer are higher, leading to a drag on economic efficiency in the overall economy of the region. Generally, the incorporation of political factors into the model of changing property rights leads to a less parsimonious, but more accurate description of the progression of land rights in developing countries in particular.
Government Allocation Of Property Rights
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Author : Elizabeth S. Rolph
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Government Allocation Of Property Rights written by Elizabeth S. Rolph and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Environmental policy categories.
The purpose of this research is to examine existing programs that confer property rights to learn what requirements shape them. We expect that if we can identify patterns in the design of such policies, these patterns will, in turn, suggest the political imperatives that constrain program design decisions. As a first cut in exploring the constraints underlying the design of regulatory programs that confer property rights, I have chosen to examine only the essential features of a relatively large sample of programs. I chose this option on the premise that the larger sample demonstrates patterns more effectively than in-depth analyses of a few cases would. Our sample includes 12 cases selected primarily because they were well-known and information on them was readily available. The oldest case in the group is a regulatory program that has been in force since 1927. The newest cases are still in their formative stages. The cases have been chosen from the narrow range of programs where a property right has been conferred to achieve a regulatory goal, although individually the programs may have varying purposes and designs. Three elements appear to determine the basic structure of a regulatory program that confers rights; who the recipient is, how much he receives, and what he receives.
A New Start For Fresh Water
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Author : Robert A. Makgill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
A New Start For Fresh Water written by Robert A. Makgill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The purpose of this article is to consider water allocation and property rights as presently governed under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA), canvass the key problems associated with the present regime and then discuss the manner in which these problems might be addressed in Phase Two of the amendments to the RMA. The article addresses the following issues: Allocation between competitors for water is presently determined by those first in time. This system of allocation does not enable an application for allocation to be refused on the basis that a later proposal meets higher environmental or economic standards. The government is signalling that the first-in first-served approach is to be replaced by a system that enables water to be allocated to its most valued uses. This looks likely to include a market based system for allocation. Research has shown that a lack of flexibility over allocation and transfer has discouraged efficient water use. Irrigators, for example, are fearful that moving to more efficient forms of irrigation will result in the loss of water rights. This is because restrictions on the kinds of use, and location of use, make it difficult to use water for other purposes under existing consents. Restrictions over use and location similarly make it difficult to transfer water rights to other parties either in full or for short periods of time. Work undertaken by successive government departments has indicated that greater flexibility and transferability of water rights would provide a strong financial incentive for greater efficiency. The government's New Start for Fresh Water (NSFW) strategy is largely silent on the issue of flexibility and transferability, but the government is committed to maximising the economic return from water. Considering this policy background and current recessionary environment it is likely that reforms to flexibility and transferability will be introduced in order to both encourage more efficient water use and stimulate new economic activity. There is presently little detail on how any of the potential changes to water allocation and property rights might work. The Land and Water Forum and government's Technical Advisory Group (TAG) are to report to the government on this by July this year. It is unclear at this stage whether there will be an opportunity for public submissions prior to the report being delivered. This is because the Land and Water Forum is supposed to represent all key stakeholders. However, the NSFW does anticipate wide public consultation before major policy decisions are made. It is worth noting in this vein that the aquaculture TAG's initial report was open to public submission. In any case, there will be an opportunity for wider public submissions once any proposed legislative reforms reach the select committee stage.
Where There Is No Government
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Author : Sandra F. Joireman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-07-25
Where There Is No Government written by Sandra F. Joireman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-25 with Political Science categories.
It is safe to say that a sizeable majority of the world's population would agree with the proposition that that property rights are important for political and social stability as well as economic growth. But what happens when the state fails to enforce such rights? Throughout sub-Saharan Africa, this is in fact an endemic problem. In Where There is No Government, Sandra Joireman explains how weak state enforcement regimes have allowed private institutions in sub-Saharan Africa to define and enforce property rights. After delineating the types of actors who step in when the state is absent--traditional tribal leaders, entrepreneurial bureaucrats, NGOs, and violent groups--she argues that the institutions they develop can be helpful or predatory depending on their incentives and context. Because such institutions are neither inherently good nor inherently bad, Joireman develops a set of measurement criteria to assess which types of property regimes and enforcement mechanisms are helpful and which are harmful to social welfare. By focusing on the varieties of property rights enforcement in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda, Joireman moves beyond simply evaluating the effectiveness of official property rights laws. Provocatively, she also challenges the premise that changes in property law will lead to changes in property rights on the ground. Indeed, states that change their property laws face challenges in implementation when they do not control the authority structures in local communities. Utilizing original research on the competitors to state power in Sub-Saharan Africa and the challenges of providing secure and defensible property rights, Where There is No Government is a sharp analysis of one of the most daunting challenges facing the African subcontinent today.
Property Rights And Indian Economies
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Author : Terry Lee Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 1992
Property Rights And Indian Economies written by Terry Lee Anderson and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with History categories.
Most research on American Indian economies seeking to explain why Indians have remained near the bottom of the economic ladder has concentrated on resource endowments. This approach has focused policy attention on creating government programs to expand resource exploitation either by encouraging non-Indians to develop reservation resources or by directly enhancing reservation physical and human capital stocks. However, these policies have ignored institutions and the important role of local customs and privileges. This book explicitly considers this institutional context and focuses on the rules that determine who controls physical and human resources and who benefits from their use. Applying the analytical tools from economics, law, anthropology, and political science, the authors consider the three main ingredients necessary for successful economies: stable government, minimal bureaucracies, and the rule of law.
The Importance Of Property Rights In Economic Development
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Author : Fikile Holomisa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Importance Of Property Rights In Economic Development written by Fikile Holomisa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Commons categories.
Property Rights
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Author : Terry L. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-26
Property Rights written by Terry L. Anderson and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-26 with Law categories.
The institution of property is as old as mankind, and property rights are today deemed vital to a prosperous economic system. Much has been written in the last decade on the economics of the legal institutions protecting such rights. This unprecedented book provides a magnificent introduction to the subject. Terry Anderson and Fred McChesney have gathered twelve leading thinkers to explore how property rights arise, and how they bolster economic development. As the subtitle indicates, the book examines as well how controversies over valuable property rights are resolved: by agreement, by violence, or by law. The essays begin by surveying the approaches to property taken by early political economists and move to colorful applications of property rights theory concerning the Wild West, the Amazon, endangered species, and the broadcast spectrum. These examples illustrate the process of defining and defending property rights, and demonstrate what difference property rights make. The book then considers a number of topics raised by private property rights, analytically complex topics concerning pollution externalities, government taking of property, and land use management policies such as zoning. Overall, the book is intended as an introduction to the economics and law of property rights. It is divided into six parts, with each featuring an introduction by the editors that integrates prior chapters and material in coming chapters. In the end, the book provides a fresh, comprehensive overview of an intriguing subject, accessible to anyone with a minimal background in economics. With chapters written by noted experts on the subject, Property Rights offers the first primer on the subject ever produced. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Louise De Alessi, Yoram Barzel, Harold Demsetz, Thráinn Eggertsson, Richard A. Epstein, William A. Fischel, David D. Haddock, Peter J. Hill, Gary D. Libecap, Dean Lueck, Edwin G. West, and Bruce Yandle.
The Fundamental Interrelationships Between Government And Property
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Author : Nicholas Mercuro
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2003-07-17
The Fundamental Interrelationships Between Government And Property written by Nicholas Mercuro and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This collection of 22 commissioned essays from scholars across numerous fields responded to the question: What are the most fundamental things you can say concerning the interrelations between the institutions of government and property? Contributing authors were asked to address this question in a positive analysis and that their essay penetrate to the deepest (most fundamental) levels of property-government organization. Their contributions are illuminating.
Coasian Bargaining Property Rights And The State
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Author : Daniel Rothschild
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Coasian Bargaining Property Rights And The State written by Daniel Rothschild and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The real purpose behind Ronald Coase's article, “The Problem of Social Cost” is to point out that government intervention as a solution to supposed market imperfections are not costless. Since government interventions can perhaps lead to greater costs than the problem the intervention is trying to correct, instead of assuming that government can fix the solution it is instead necessary to apply the laws of economics to the real world and see in which case government intervention is the appropriate remedy and in which case the market solution is preferable. The problem with judging the real world in terms of assigning property rights based on maximizing social benefits and minimizing social costs makes various assumptions that are not actually applicable to the real world. Coase views costs and benefits in the aggregate, assumes perfect information where the costs and benefits are known, ignores that how property rights are defined and the initial allocation does matter, and believes that government rules are sometimes capable of maximizing value and wealth even though government rules are themselves not alienable property subject to economic calculation. Coase may consider it important to use economics to explain the real world, but then doing so involves looking at value as subjective and the world as existing in non-equilibrium, something Coase does not believe.