Government Expenditures In Kenya 1950 2014 Determinants And Agricultural Growth Effects
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Government Expenditures In Kenya 1950 2014 Determinants And Agricultural Growth Effects
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Author : Benin, Samuel
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2018-11-29
Government Expenditures In Kenya 1950 2014 Determinants And Agricultural Growth Effects written by Benin, Samuel and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-29 with Political Science categories.
Annual data on Kenya from 1950 to 2014 are used to analyze the determinants of the level and composition of government expenditures and estimate the agricultural-output returns to the different types of government expenditures. The paper analyzes expenditures for six functions (general administration, defense, education, health, agriculture, and other economic functions—transport, communications, etc.) as well as the capital-to-recurrent expenditure ratios within each of the six functions. Simultaneous equations modeling methods are employed, and different diagnostic tests are used to check for and address issues with stationarity, causality, and autocorrelation. Different model specifications are used to assess the sensitivity of the results to using different measures and combinations of the conceptual variables that are hypothesized to affect the composition of government expenditures and agricultural production.
Government Expenditures In Kenya 1950 2014
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Author : Samuel Benin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Government Expenditures In Kenya 1950 2014 written by Samuel Benin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Two Decades After Maputo What S In The Caadp Ten Percent Determinants And Effects Of The Composition Of Government Agriculture Expenditure In Africa
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Author : Benin, Samuel
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2024-07-10
Two Decades After Maputo What S In The Caadp Ten Percent Determinants And Effects Of The Composition Of Government Agriculture Expenditure In Africa written by Benin, Samuel and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-10 with Political Science categories.
This paper analyzes the determinants of the composition of government agriculture expenditure (GAE) in Africa and estimates the effect of the composition on agricultural productivity using cross-country annual data from 2014 to 2020 and structural equations modeling methods. It includes different specifications of the explanatory variables to assess the sensitivity of the results to different assumptions of the conceptual variables that are hypothesized to affect the composition and pathways of impact of government expenditure. The results show that there is a wide variation in GAE across African countries, and few have achieved the 10 percent CAADP agriculture expenditure target. Most African countries spend much smaller proportions of the national budget on agriculture than the sector’s share in the economy, and total agriculture expenditure seems to be allocated across subsectors according to their relative contribution to the sector’s output, with forestry and fisheries being slightly favored compared with crops and livestock, which dominate the sector. The allocation is also affected by several factors, such as past output and size of the subsector, official development assistance, education, irrigation, and state of agricultural transformation, although there are cross-subsector differences in their influence. There are also subsector differences in the estimated effect of GAE on land productivity: 0.06 to 0.08 for expenditure on the total sector, 0.02 for research, 0 to 0.09 for crops, 0 to 0.08 for livestock, and 0 to 0.07 for fisheries. The lower bound of zero means that the estimated effect is not statistically significant in some of the model specifications, such as whether cross-subsector expenditure effects are considered. We discuss implications of the results and suggestions for future research.
Kenya S Agrifood System Structure And Drivers Of Transformation
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Author : Diao, Xinshen
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-03-03
Kenya S Agrifood System Structure And Drivers Of Transformation written by Diao, Xinshen and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-03 with Political Science categories.
This analysis is composed of two parts. The evolving structure of Kenya’s agrifood system (AFS) and its contribution to national development is assessed using a series of Social Accounting Matrixes (SAMs) for Kenya for the period 2009–2019. Economic performance is also assessed at subsector level to better understand the contributions of different agrifood value chains to Kenya’s development and economic transformation in recent years. The analysis reveals that the effects of AFS transformation stretches well beyond primary agriculture, creating jobs and income opportunities throughout the economy. In fact, the off-farm components of the AFS have grown more rapidly than primary agriculture, although differences in market structure and internationally tradable status contributed to varied patterns of growth across value chains. The analysis further reveals that it is the domestic market, not exports, that has driven the recent growth in Kenya’s AFS. Rapid urbanization and increased income generating opportunities in the rural nonfarm sector are causing dietary patterns to shift, which will continue to shape the transformation of the AFS in Kenya. A forward-looking analysis using IFPRI’s Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) model – an economywide modeling framework – assesses the potential impacts of future value chain growth on development outcome indicators. The findings reveal that value chains differ considerably in their effectiveness in achieving various development outcomes. Promoting only one value chain may also result in trade-offs across these development goals. For example, the coffee and tea value chains are highly effective at raising off-farm employment in the AFS, but they have weak impacts on diet quality. Likewise, cattle and dairy have strong off-farm GDP effects within the AFS, but are relatively ineffective at reducing poverty. By promoting and investing in several value chains simultaneously, policymakers can leverage synergies and mitigate trade-offs across development outcomes associated with specific value chains. The RIAPA analysis here suggests that joint promotion of the pulses and oilseeds, fruits and nuts, and cattle and dairy value chains will be most effective at impacting the full spectrum of development outcomes tracked in the model, including poverty, growth, jobs, and diets. However, the final value chain selection may change depending on the importance policymakers attach to the respective development outcomes.
Food Systems Transformation In Kenya Lessons From The Past And Policy Options For The Future Loading Files Full Book 7 78 Mb Pdf Chapters List 73 Kb Pdf Authors Breisinger Clemens Keenan Michael Mbuthia Juneweenex Njuki Jemimah Date Issued 2023 12 20 Language En Type Book Review Status Peer Review Access Rights Open Access Open Access Usage Rights Cc By 4 0 Metadata Sha
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Author : Breisinger, Clemens
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2024-02-12
Food Systems Transformation In Kenya Lessons From The Past And Policy Options For The Future Loading Files Full Book 7 78 Mb Pdf Chapters List 73 Kb Pdf Authors Breisinger Clemens Keenan Michael Mbuthia Juneweenex Njuki Jemimah Date Issued 2023 12 20 Language En Type Book Review Status Peer Review Access Rights Open Access Open Access Usage Rights Cc By 4 0 Metadata Sha written by Breisinger, Clemens and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-12 with Political Science categories.
The new Kenyan government faces a complex domestic and global environment, and it is widely expected to address key food and agricultural challenges with a new set of policies and programs. This policy brief presents key recommendations from a forthcoming book, Food Systems Transformation in Kenya: Lessons from the Past and Policy Options for the Future, which provides research-based “food for thought and action” to support the Kenyan government’s efforts to improve food security.
Trends And Composition Of Government Expenditures On Agriculture In Ghana 1960 2015
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Author : Benin, Samuel
language : un
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2019-06-25
Trends And Composition Of Government Expenditures On Agriculture In Ghana 1960 2015 written by Benin, Samuel and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-25 with Political Science categories.
When African leaders launched the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) in Maputo in 2003, they committed to spend 10 percent of their national expenditure budget on the agricultural sector. This commitment, popularly known as the Maputo Declaration, was designed in pursuit of a 6 percent agricultural growth rate each year. The African Union (AU) developed a guidance note on the measure to use to track progress in the commitment on government agriculture expenditure (GAE). The measure is based on the classification of the functions of government (COFOG), and the definition of GAE as the expenses of the government sector on agriculture—crops, livestock, forestry, and fishing and hunting (AU-NEPAD 2015). Specifically, the measure is the share of GAE in government total expenditure (GTE), which is GAE*100/GTE. Two recent agricultural public expenditure reviews (agPERs) conducted in Ghana show expenditure shares that are overestimated for measuring progress toward the Maputo 10 percent target, ranging from 6.5 to 21.2 percent in 2001–2011 (MOFA 2013) and from 5.8 to 7.5 percent in 2012–2015 (MOFA 2017). This is because the studies used concepts like “COFOG-plus” or “enhanced-COFOG” to include expenditures that are not meant to be included according to the AU guidance note. One example of this discrepancy is that the studies included government expenditures on feeder roads in GAE, although feeder roads promote socioeconomic development of entire rural communities and not just the agricultural sector. Also, expenditures of the Ghana Cocoa Board (Cocobod) were included in GAE, even though Cocobod, although responsible for the management and development of the cocoa subsector, is not part of the government sector. It is a public corporation that engages in market-based production activities financed entirely by the cocoa subsector that it serves, and there is no transfer from taxpayers through the Cocobod to the entire agricultural sector.2 Along with these inconsistencies with the official AU guidance note, the estimates and analyses in the two agPER studies mask the relatively low government expenditure in the noncocoa subsector, and may undermine efforts to boost provision of public goods and services in this subsector, which accounts for about 90 percent of Ghana’s agricultural gross domestic product (GDP). The cocoa subsector accounts for the remaining 10 percent of agricultural GDP.
Government Expenditure And Economic Growth
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1989-05-15
Government Expenditure And Economic Growth written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines the empirical evidence on the contribution that government and, in particular, capital expenditure make to the growth performance of a sample of developing countries. Using the Denison growth accounting approach, this study finds that social expenditures may have a significant impact on growth in the short run, but infrastructure expenditures may have little influence. While current expenditures for directly productive purposes may exert a positive influence, capital expenditure in these sectors appears to exert a negative influence. Experiments with other explanatory variables confirm the importance of the growth of exports to the overall growth rate.
Fiscal Policy And Long Term Growth
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-04-20
Fiscal Policy And Long Term Growth written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
Structural Change Fundamentals And Growth A Framework And Case Studies
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Author : McMillan, Margaret
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2017-05-11
Structural Change Fundamentals And Growth A Framework And Case Studies written by McMillan, Margaret and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-11 with Political Science categories.
The Agricultural Outlook
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Agricultural Outlook written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Agricultural estimating and reporting categories.
The Agricultural Outlook provides a five-year assessment of trends and prospects in the major agricultural commodity markets