Governmental Influences On Growth
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The Causes Of Government And The Consequences For Growth And Well Being
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Author : Simon John Commander
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Causes Of Government And The Consequences For Growth And Well Being written by Simon John Commander and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
A range of factors drive size of government: relative prices, the age-dependency ratio, how long a country has been independent, relative political freedom, and openness in trade. Larger governments tend to limit growth, but that tendency can be offset by well-functioning institutions and high-quality bureaucracy. Size of government is not the only issue that matters.Using a large cross-country data set, Commander, Davoodi, and Lee examine the factors that cause governments to grow and analyze how the size of government affects growth, whether measured as income growth or other measures of well-being, such as infant mortality and life expectancy. They find no robust link between government size and per capita income. The factors they find to be important in explaining government size are relative prices, the age-dependency ratio, how long a country has been independent, relative political freedom, and openness in trade. Their results also partially support the view that governments use consumption to buffer external risk, especially in low-income countries.As for how government size affects growth, they find a robust and significant negative relationship between growth and government size, as measured by consumption. Policy distortions, predictably, also have a negative effect on growth. But the positive effects of well-functioning institutions and high quality in government bureaucracies can offset the negative influence of large government size alone.Finally, they find that social-sector spending can exert a positive influence by reducing infant mortality and raising life expectancy. Better income distribution, higher per capita income, higher per capita income growth, and more political freedom have the same positive effect on those two measures of well-being.This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist, and New Products and Outreach Division, Economic Development Institute - was prepared as a background paper for World Development Report 1997 on the role of the state in a changing world.
Governmental Influences On Growth
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Author : Santa Clara County (Calif.). Transportation Planning Study
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Governmental Influences On Growth written by Santa Clara County (Calif.). Transportation Planning Study and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Land use categories.
Impact Of Government On Growth And Trade
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Author : Anne O. Krueger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Impact Of Government On Growth And Trade written by Anne O. Krueger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Economic development categories.
In this paper we attempt to test the development economist's perceptions of the negative contributions of governmental activities, as well as the positive contributions of other activities, to growth. This paper provides evidence on the importance of government behavior for economic growth and, in so doing, attempts to start building a bridge between the development economics literature and the new growth theory. The focal point is the recognition that governments do more than spend and tax in manners that maximize social welfare functions: they influence incentives and regulate in ways that affect private behavior, and their spending, even on infrastructure, is not always optimal.
The Causes Of Government And The Consequences For Growth And Well Being
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Author : Simon Commander
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
The Causes Of Government And The Consequences For Growth And Well Being written by Simon Commander and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
June 1997 A range of factors drive size of government: relative prices, the age-dependency ratio, how long a country has been independent, relative political freedom, and openness in trade. Larger governments tend to limit growth, but that tendency can be offset by well-functioning institutions and high-quality bureaucracy. Size of government is not the only issue that matters. Using a large cross-country data set, Commander, Davoodi, and Lee examine the factors that cause governments to grow and analyze how the size of government affects growth, whether measured as income growth or other measures of well-being, such as infant mortality and life expectancy. They find no robust link between government size and per capita income. The factors they find to be important in explaining government size are relative prices, the age-dependency ratio, how long a country has been independent, relative political freedom, and openness in trade. Their results also partially support the view that governments use consumption to buffer external risk, especially in low-income countries. As for how government size affects growth, they find a robust and significant negative relationship between growth and government size, as measured by consumption. Policy distortions, predictably, also have a negative effect on growth. But the positive effects of well-functioning institutions and high quality in government bureaucracies can offset the negative influence of large government size alone. Finally, they find that social-sector spending can exert a positive influence by reducing infant mortality and raising life expectancy. Better income distribution, higher per capita income, higher per capita income growth, and more political freedom have the same positive effect on those two measures of well-being. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist, and New Products and Outreach Division, Economic Development Institute - was prepared as a background paper for World Development Report 1997 on the role of the state in a changing world.
How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth
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Author : Mr.Ari Aisen
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-01-01
How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth written by Mr.Ari Aisen and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine the effects of political instability on economic growth. Using the system-GMM estimator for linear dynamic panel data models on a sample covering up to 169 countries, and 5-year periods from 1960 to 2004, we find that higher degrees of political instability are associated with lower growth rates of GDP per capita. Regarding the channels of transmission, we find that political instability adversely affects growth by lowering the rates of productivity growth and, to a smaller degree, physical and human capital accumulation. Finally, economic freedom and ethnic homogeneity are beneficial to growth, while democracy may have a small negative effect.
Impact Of Political Stability On Economic Development
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Author : Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit
language : en
Publisher: Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.
Release Date : 2019-10-04
Impact Of Political Stability On Economic Development written by Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit and has been published by Christian Faith Publishing, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-04 with Business & Economics categories.
The main theme of this study is chosen in response to the general consensus on the importance of conducting a comprehensive study that may shape the economic policies and promote the business sector as well as the government and other organizations. However, the key question posed by this study is whether the theory that political stability fosters economic development is simply the wishful thinking of people who value both stability and growth or whether it is a delusion of those who believe that most developing countries may enjoy rapid growth if they are stable. The importance of this study is clear: South Sudan is confronted with enormous challenges of administrative, ethnic, political, and economic development. In light of this, the current study addresses the following issues: "What is the impact of the political system in South Sudan on economic development? What is the impact of oil resources on sustainable development? What is the impact of the oil shutdown on political and economic stability, and what is the possibility of deficit financing? Is there any possibility for cooperation between Sudan and South Sudan?" In this context, the major objective of this study is to analyze the political development of the country to verify that political stability fosters the achievement of economic and social development. It also seeks to analyse the political history of Sudan in general and South Sudan in particular, emphasising the importance of political stability, among other considerations, as a precondition for socioeconomic development. Furthermore, other objectives of the study include suggestions on how political stability could be ensured in South Sudan and how good governance may promote political and economic stability. In light of the above, this study focuses on the issues of the political transition and policies that will improve the economic, political, and social well-being of the people of South Sudan. It seeks ways of setting up policies that will raise the standard of living of people with sustained growth and move from a simple, low-income economy to a modern, high-income economy. It also attempts to develop a framework for cooperation between Sudan and South Sudan. The methodology that is adopted to address these issues is collecting, sorting, and analysing primary and secondary information relating to the history of political and economic development in South Sudan, using empirical approaches such as SWOT analysis, information sources, references, and books. However, this study is organized as follows: chapter 1 discusses political stability and economic development in a theoretical framework through which we explore the empirical analysis; it is divided into four sections. Section 1 focuses on definition, causes, and measurement of political stability with an aim to assess the effect of political stability on growth-related variables. In section 2, we define the concept of political instability and measure it by using indicators like the number of coups d'état, the number of major government crises, the number of cabinet changes, and the number of political revolutions as well as political assassinations. Section 3 discusses the concept and definition of economic development and summarizes the major theories of economic development in five fundamental elements. The last section explores the implications of financing economic development by discussing domestic resources (including deficit financing) and foreign financial resources and the role of each of them in achieving economic development. Chapter 2 presents the political and social background of South Sudan is divided into three sections. Section 1 discusses South Sudan's ability to function and successfully implement its policies and strategic vision for the year 2040. Section 2 focuses on the demographic structure of South Sudan in terms of population, education, languages, and culture. Section 3 discusses the social indicators such as infrastructure, poverty, and corruption which affect improving social welfare as well as the political stability and economic development of the Republic of South Sudan. Chapter 3 focuses on the South Sudan economy and the challenges. Here we discuss the political and development challenges facing South Sudan as well as the investment opportunities. This chapter discusses the major challenges which face South Sudan, especially issues such as border demarcation, political reform, and oil shutdown as well as investment opportunities in oil and agriculture. In chapter 4, we discuss South Sudan's oil and economic development. It focuses on oil resources and their impact on sustainable development, the impact of oil shutdown on political and economic development and the possibility of deficit financing. In chapter 5, we discuss the future of stability and prosperity in South Sudan. It discusses how good governance and cooperation can be enormously beneficial to South Sudan in the process of building sustainable political and economic stability and what South Sudan can learn from other countries. The major findings of this study are as follows: - Political stability plays an important role in determining economic growth and economic development in many economies. - The degree of political stability is high if there is a high degree of democracy or autocracy. - Strong democracies or strong autocracies are best equipped to provide political stability that may lead to economic development. It is then the level of political stability within a given country, regardless of regime type, that results in economic growth. - Long-term sustainable economic growth depends on the ability to raise the rates of accumulation of physical and human capital by securing necessary sources (domestic, foreign, or deficit finance) to use efficiently for financing economic development. - Most economists view corruption as a major obstacle to development. It is seen as one of the causes of low income and is believed to play a critical role in generating poverty traps (e.g., Blackburn et al. 2006). Thus, corruption, according to this view, "sands" the wheels of development and it makes economic and political transitions difficult. - Not only is good governance critical to development, but it is also the most important factor in determining whether a country has the capacity to use resources effectively to promote economic growth and reduce poverty.
Growth Debt And Politics
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Author : Lewis W. Snider
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-04-08
Growth Debt And Politics written by Lewis W. Snider and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-08 with Political Science categories.
This book addresses the question of how political capacity of the government of a developing country affects its ability to implement structural adjustments in its economy in response to external pressures. It builds on the inductive foundation of comparative case studies and speculative insights.
The Effects Of Corruptionon Growth Investment And Government Expenditure
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Author : Paolo Mauro
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996-09
The Effects Of Corruptionon Growth Investment And Government Expenditure written by Paolo Mauro and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-09 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper discusses the possible causes and consequences of corruption. It provides a synthetic review of recent studies that analyze this phenomenon empirically. In addition, it presents further results on the effects of corruption on growth and investment, and new cross-country evidence on the link between corruption and the composition of government expenditure.
Understanding United States Government Growth
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Author : William Dale Berry
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1987-10-05
Understanding United States Government Growth written by William Dale Berry and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-10-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Understanding United States Government Growth develops and tests alternative explanations of government growth since World War II. It opens with an analysis of debate about the causes and consequences of government growth, including the excessive government view that the public sector has grown beyond the scope demanded by citizens due to its own structural defects, and the responsive interpretation that government has gown because it has reacted appropriately to external public demands. The authors review the major political and economic explanations for government growth and criticize earlier empirical attempts to test these explanations. In the second half of the book, they distinguish four components of government growth: growth in the cost of government and growth in the scope of government activities in three domains--transfer payments, domestic purchases, and defense purchases. Both responsive and excessive explanations of each of these components of growth are developed and tested to allow an evaluation of the validity of the two contrasting views about big government.
Government And Growth
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Author : Villy Bergstrom
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Release Date : 1997
Government And Growth written by Villy Bergstrom and has been published by Oxford University Press on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The sixth volume in the FIEF Studies in Labour Markets and Economic Policy series is a contribution to the empirical literature on endogenous growth theory, which studies the interrelationships of institutions, government policies, distribution, and growth. After an Introductory overview bythe editor, the volume contains four main chapters, each of which is followed by review comments: Alesina and Perotti review recent literature on the political economy of growth, and discuss such topics as the relationship between income instability and growth, whether democratic institutions and civil liberties influence growth performance, and whether income inequality hampers growth or not. Hansson and Henrekson study the tendency--predicted by neoclassical growth theory--of per capita income and productivity to converge between countries. They focus on the diffusion of technology and the phenomenon of 'catching up', whereby poor countries copy the production methods and possibilyorganizational methods in advanced countries. Grier uses a similar neoclassical production-function approach, but brings in some new explanatory factors for the growth process, including union density, the existence of corporatist as opposed to economically liberal governments, and centralized versus decentralized wage formation. Analysing four cases of late, successful industrialization (South Korea, Taiwan, Finland, and Austria) Juhana Vartiainen shows that, under certain conditions, decentralized market solutions of the problems of resource allocation are inferior to state planning and corporatism with or withoutgovernment involvement.