Governments And Promised Fiscal Consolidations
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Governments And Promised Fiscal Consolidations
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Author : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-02-23
Governments And Promised Fiscal Consolidations written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-23 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper analyses the causes and consequences of fiscal consolidation promise gaps, defined as the distance between planned fiscal adjustments and actual consolidations. Using 74 consolidation episodes derived from the narrative approach in 17 advanced economies during 1978 – 2015, the paper shows that promise gaps were sizeable (about 0.3 percent of GDP per year, or 1.1 percent of GDP during an average fiscal adjustment episode). Both economic and political factors explain the gaps: for example, greater electoral proximity, stronger political cohesion and higher accountability were all associated with smaller promise gaps. Finally, governments which delivered on their fiscal consolidation plans were rewarded by financial markets and not penalized by voters.
Political Costs Of Tax Based Consolidations
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Author : Chuling Chen
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-12-27
Political Costs Of Tax Based Consolidations written by Chuling Chen and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-27 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies the impact of tax-based consolidations on reelection outcomes. Using a granular database of tax-based consolidations for a panel of 10 OECD countries over the last 40 years, we find that tax reforms are politically costly but some reforms are costlier than others. Measures aimed primarily at reducing existing deficits and debt are costlier than tax consolidation policies for improving long-term growth prospects. Electoral costs are particularly high for broad-based indirect tax and corporate tax reforms. Voters tend to penalize governments less if tax consolidations are announced early in the government’s term or if the government has a strong political mandate. Favorable economic conditions increase public support for tax-based consolidations. Personal income tax reforms are electorally salient if the reforms are frontloaded, announced during recessions, and in less progressive tax systems.
Fiscal Politics
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Author : Vitor Gaspar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-04-07
Fiscal Politics written by Vitor Gaspar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Two main themes of the book are that (1) politics can distort optimal fiscal policy through elections and through political fragmentation, and (2) rules and institutions can attenuate the negative effects of this dynamic. The book has three parts: part 1 (9 chapters) outlines the problems; part 2 (6 chapters) outlines how institutions and fiscal rules can offer solutions; and part 3 (4 chapters) discusses how multilevel governance frameworks can help.
Fiscal Adjustment For Stability And Growth
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Author : Mr.James Daniel
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2006-08-17
Fiscal Adjustment For Stability And Growth written by Mr.James Daniel and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-17 with Business & Economics categories.
The pamphlet (which updates the 1995 Guidelines for Fiscal Adjustment) presents the IMF’s approach to fiscal adjustment, and focuses on the role that sound government finances play in promoting macroeconomic stability and growth. Structured around five practical questions—when to adjust, how to assess the fiscal position, what makes for successful adjustment, how to carry out adjustment, and which institutions can help—it covers topics such as tax policies, debt sustainability, fiscal responsibility laws, and transparency.
An Empirical Analysis Of Fiscal Adjustments
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Author : Mr.C. John McDermott
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996-06-01
An Empirical Analysis Of Fiscal Adjustments written by Mr.C. John McDermott and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This study uses the fiscal expansion and consolidation experiences of the industrial countries over the period 1970 to 1995 to examine the interplay between fiscal adjustments and economic performance. A key finding is that fiscal consolidation need not trigger an economic slowdown. Fiscal consolidation that concentrates on the expenditure side, and especially on transfers and government wages, is more likely to succeed in reducing the public debt ratio than tax-based consolidation. Also, the greater the magnitude of the fiscal consolidation, the more likely it is to succeed in reducing the debt ratio.
Fiscal Reforms That Work
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Author : C. John McDermott
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996
Fiscal Reforms That Work written by C. John McDermott and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
Reducing the budget deficit is not easy. Keynesian theory suggests thatlowering government expenditures and raising revenues can lead to afalloff in economic activity. This paper argues the neoclassical approach - that a firm and credible reduction in expenditures, by engendering confidence that taxes will be less burdensome in the future,may lead to lower interest rates, boost consumption, and increaseinvestment spending.
From Stimulus To Consolidation
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Author : Juan Toro R.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-10-06
From Stimulus To Consolidation written by Juan Toro R. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper identifies policy tools that could be used for fiscal consolidation in advanced and emerging economies in the years ahead. The consolidation strategy, particularly in advanced countries, should aim to stabilize age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues. Bold reforms are needed to offset projected increases in age-related spending, particularly health care. On the revenue side, measures could include improving tax compliance, for example through better international cooperation, as well as increasing the yield from VAT by eliminating exemptions and reduced rates, further developing property taxes, and increasing excise rates within the range of rates already applicable in comparable countries.
Fiscal Politics
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Author : Vitor Gaspar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-04-07
Fiscal Politics written by Vitor Gaspar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Two main themes of the book are that (1) politics can distort optimal fiscal policy through elections and through political fragmentation, and (2) rules and institutions can attenuate the negative effects of this dynamic. The book has three parts: part 1 (9 chapters) outlines the problems; part 2 (6 chapters) outlines how institutions and fiscal rules can offer solutions; and part 3 (4 chapters) discusses how multilevel governance frameworks can help.
Fiscal Policy After The Financial Crisis
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Author : Alberto Alesina
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2013-06-25
Fiscal Policy After The Financial Crisis written by Alberto Alesina and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-25 with Business & Economics categories.
The recent recession has brought fiscal policy back to the forefront, with economists and policy makers struggling to reach a consensus on highly political issues like tax rates and government spending. At the heart of the debate are fiscal multipliers, whose size and sensitivity determine the power of such policies to influence economic growth. Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis focuses on the effects of fiscal stimuli and increased government spending, with contributions that consider the measurement of the multiplier effect and its size. In the face of uncertainty over the sustainability of recent economic policies, further contributions to this volume discuss the merits of alternate means of debt reduction through decreased government spending or increased taxes. A final section examines how the short-term political forces driving fiscal policy might be balanced with aspects of the long-term planning governing monetary policy. A direct intervention in timely debates, Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis offers invaluable insights about various responses to the recent financial crisis.
Cross Country Spillovers Of Fiscal Consolidations In The Euro Area
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Author : Mr.Tigran Poghosyan
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-06-28
Cross Country Spillovers Of Fiscal Consolidations In The Euro Area written by Mr.Tigran Poghosyan and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-28 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper revisits the issue of cross-country spillovers from fiscal consolidations using an innovative empirical methodology. We find evidence in support of fiscal spillovers in 10 euro area countries. Fiscal consolidation in one country not only reduces domestic output (direct effect), but also the output of other member countries (indirect/spillover effect). Fiscal spillovers are larger for: (i) more closely located and economically integrated countries, and (ii) fiscal shocks originating from relatively larger countries. On average, 1 percent of GDP fiscal consolidation in 10 euro area countries reduces the combined output by 0.6 percent on impact, out of which half is driven by indirect effects from fiscal spillovers. The impact peters out and becomes insignificant over the medium-term. It is largely driven by tax measures, which have a relatively stronger effect on output compared to expenditure measures. The results are robust to alternative measures of bilateral links across countries.