Gradience In Grammar
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Gradience In Grammar
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Author : Gisbert Fanselow
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-10-19
Gradience In Grammar written by Gisbert Fanselow and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book represents the state of the art in the study of gradience in grammar - the degree to which utterances are acceptable or grammatical, and the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality. Gradience is at the centre of controversial issues in the theory of grammar and the understanding of language. The acceptability of words and sentences may be linked to the frequency of their use and measured on a scale. Among the questions considered in the book are: whether such measures are beyond the scope of a generative grammar or, in other words, whether the factors influencing acceptability are internal or external to grammar; whether observed gradience is a property of the mentally represented grammar or a reflection of variation among speakers; and what gradient phenomena reveal about the relationship between acceptability and grammaticality, and between competence and performance. The book is divided into four parts. Part I seeks to clarify the nature of gradience from the perspectives of phonology, generative syntax, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. Parts II and III examine issues in phonology and syntax. Part IV considers long wh-movement from different methodological perspectives. The data discussed comes from a wide range of languages and dialects, and includes tone and stress patterns, word order variation, and question formation. Gradience in Grammar will interest linguists concerned with the understanding of syntax, phonology, language acquisition and variation, discourse, and the operations of language within the mind.
Syntactic Gradience
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Author : Bas Aarts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Syntactic Gradience written by Bas Aarts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Categorization (Linguistics) categories.
An investigation of gradience in grammar, this title looks at gradience in English word classes, phrases, and constructions, and examines how it is recognized, defined, and differentiated. Aarts also makes a series of linked proposals for its theoretical formalization.
Gradience Gradualness And Grammaticalization
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Author : Elizabeth Closs Traugott
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Gradience Gradualness And Grammaticalization written by Elizabeth Closs Traugott and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume, which emerged from a workshop at the "New Reflections on Grammaticalization 4" conference held at KU Leuven in July 2008, contains a collection of papers which investigate the relationship between synchronic gradience and the apparent gradualness of linguistic change, largely from the perspective of grammaticalization. In addition to versions of the papers presented at the workshop, the volume contains specially commissioned contributions, some of which offer commentaries on a subset of the other articles. The articles address a number of themes central to grammaticalization studies, such as the role of reanalysis and analogy in grammaticalization, the formal modelling of grammaticalization, and the relationship between formal and functional change, using data from a range of languages, and (in some cases) from particular electronic corpora. The volume will be of specific interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization, and general linguists working on the interface between synchrony and diachrony.
Auxiliary Selection Revisited
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Author : Rolf Kailuweit
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2015-03-05
Auxiliary Selection Revisited written by Rolf Kailuweit and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A central debate about the description of auxiliary selection concerns the regularity of auxiliary selection from a typological perspective. Thus, studies of auxiliary selection have both stressed the fact that certain recurrent parameters are highly relevant to the description of auxiliary selection, whereas other studies demonstrate significant differences in auxiliary selection systems. By integrating the synchronic and diachronic levels of linguistic description, the papers in the present volume work towards a framework that explains these contradictory findings. They discuss the role of semantic and syntactic constraints in gradient auxiliary selection, address the question of paradigmaticity of the have-be alternation, and shed light on the mechanisms of the gradual historical change from be- to have-selection. The volume thus puts forth a row of innovative theoretical and empirical findings from a wide range of typologically diverse European languages that substantially broaden our knowledge about the mechanisms of auxiliary selection systems.
Variation And Gradience In Phonetics And Phonology
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Author : Frank Kügler
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2009-08-17
Variation And Gradience In Phonetics And Phonology written by Frank Kügler and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-17 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book provides an overview of current issues in variation and gradience in phonetics, phonology and sociolinguistics. It contributes to the growing interest in gradience and variation in theoretical phonology by combing research on the factors underlying variability and systematic quantitative results with theoretical phonological considerations. Variation is inherent to language, and one of the aims of phonological theory is to describe and explain the mechanisms underlying variation at every level of phonological representation. Variation below the segment concerns articulatory, acoustic and perceptual cues that contribute to the formation of natural classes of sounds. At the segmental level there are grammatical differences in the production and perception of contextual variation of segments and in the syntagmatic constraints on the combination of segments. At the suprasegmental level the mapping of tones to grammatical functions and vice versa is discussed. Further aspects addressed in this book are factors outside of language: Variation that arises as a result of a particular dialect or of belonging to a certain age group, or variation that is the consequence of language change. Gradience and variation have always been a central issue in phonetic and sociolinguistic research. Gradience introduces variation in phonology as well. If a phonetic entity can be pronounced in different ways, depending on the environment, prosodic factors or dialectal influences, this ‘gradience’ may introduce ‘variation’, which we understand as a stable state of grammar.
Fuzzy Grammar
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Author : Bas Aarts
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2004-03-26
Fuzzy Grammar written by Bas Aarts and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book brings together classic and recent papers in the philosophical and linguistic analysis of fuzzy grammar, gradience in meaning, word classes, and syntax. Issues such as how many grains make a heap, when a puddle becomes a pond, and so forth, have occupied thinkers since Aristotle and over the last two decades been the subject of increasing interest among linguists as well as in fields such as artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. The work is designed to be of use to students in all these fields. It has a substantial introduction, is divided into thematic parts, contains annotated sections of further reading, and is fully indexed.
Gradient Acceptability And Linguistic Theory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-12-15
Gradient Acceptability And Linguistic Theory written by and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-15 with Grammar, Comparative and general categories.
This book examines a challenging problem at the intersection of theoretical linguistics and the psychology of language: the interpretation of gradient judgments of sentence acceptability in relation to theories of grammatical knowledge. Acceptability judgments constitute the primary source of data on which such theories have been built, despite being susceptible to various extra-grammatical factors. Through a review of experimental and corpus-based research on a variety of syntactic phenomena and an in-depth examination of two case studies, Elaine J. Francis argues for two main positions. The first is that converging evidence from online comprehension tasks, elicited production tasks, and corpora of naturally-occurring discourse can help to determine the sources of variation in acceptability judgments and to narrow down the range of plausible theoretical interpretations. The second is that the interpretation of judgment data depends crucially on the theoretical commitments and assumptions made, especially with respect to the nature of the syntax-semantics interface and the choice of either a categorical or a gradient notion of grammaticality. The theoretical frameworks considered in this book include derivational theories (e.g. Minimalism, Principles and Parameters), constraint-based theories (e.g. Sign-based Construction Grammar, Simpler Syntax), competition-based theories (e.g. Stochastic Optimality Theory, Decathlon Model), and usage-based approaches. The volume shows that while acceptability judgment data are typically compatible with the assumptions of various theoretical frameworks, some gradient phenomena are best captured within frameworks that permit soft constraints-non-categorical grammatical constraints that encode the conventional preferences of language users.
Generality Gradience And The All Or None
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Author : Dwight Bolinger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961
Generality Gradience And The All Or None written by Dwight Bolinger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with English language categories.
Gradient Acceptability And Linguistic Theory
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Author : Elaine J. Francis
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-12-15
Gradient Acceptability And Linguistic Theory written by Elaine J. Francis and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book examines a challenging problem at the intersection of theoretical linguistics and the psychology of language: the interpretation of gradient judgments of sentence acceptability in relation to theories of grammatical knowledge. Acceptability judgments constitute the primary source of data on which such theories have been built, despite being susceptible to various extra-grammatical factors. Through a review of experimental and corpus-based research on a variety of syntactic phenomena and an in-depth examination of two case studies, Elaine J. Francis argues for two main positions. The first is that converging evidence from online comprehension tasks, elicited production tasks, and corpora of naturally-occurring discourse can help to determine the sources of variation in acceptability judgments and to narrow down the range of plausible theoretical interpretations. The second is that the interpretation of judgment data depends crucially on the theoretical commitments and assumptions made, especially with respect to the nature of the syntax-semantics interface and the choice of either a categorical or a gradient notion of grammaticality. The theoretical frameworks considered in this book include derivational theories (e.g. Minimalism, Principles and Parameters), constraint-based theories (e.g. Sign-based Construction Grammar, Simpler Syntax), competition-based theories (e.g. Stochastic Optimality Theory, Decathlon Model), and usage-based approaches. The volume shows that while acceptability judgment data are typically compatible with the assumptions of various theoretical frameworks, some gradient phenomena are best captured within frameworks that permit soft constraints-non-categorical grammatical constraints that encode the conventional preferences of language users.
Syntactic Gradience
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Author : Bas Aarts
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2007-06-21
Syntactic Gradience written by Bas Aarts and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This is the first exhaustive investigation of gradience in syntax, conceived of as grammatical indeterminacy. It looks at gradience in English word classes, phrases, clauses and constructions, and examines how it may be defined and differentiated. Professor Aarts addresses the tension between linguistic concepts and the continuous phenomena they describe by testing and categorizing grammatical vagueness and indeterminacy. He considers to what extent gradience is a grammatical phenomenon or a by-product of imperfect linguistic description, and makes a series of linked proposals for its theoretical formalization. Bas Aarts draws on, and reviews, work in psychology, philosophy and language from Aristotle to Chomsky., and writes clearly on a fascinating and important aspect of language and cognition. His book will appeal to scholars and graduate students of language and syntactic theory in departments of (English) linguistics, philosophy and cognitive science.