Gray Whale Monitoring Study
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Gray Whale Monitoring Study
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Gray Whale Monitoring Study written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Gray whale categories.
Gray Whale Monitoring Study
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Author : United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Gray Whale Monitoring Study written by United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Gray whale categories.
Gray Whale Monitoring Study
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Gray Whale Monitoring Study written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.
Five Year Plan For Research And Monitoring Of The Eastern North Pacific Population Of Gray Whales
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Author : United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Gray Whale Monitoring Task Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Five Year Plan For Research And Monitoring Of The Eastern North Pacific Population Of Gray Whales written by United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Gray Whale Monitoring Task Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Gray whale categories.
Annual Report Of The Marine Mammal Commission
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Author : United States. Marine Mammal Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Annual Report Of The Marine Mammal Commission written by United States. Marine Mammal Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Marine mammals categories.
Pacific Ocs Region Draft Environmental Studies Plan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Pacific Ocs Region Draft Environmental Studies Plan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Continental shelf categories.
Annual Report To Congress
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Author : United States. Marine Mammal Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Annual Report To Congress written by United States. Marine Mammal Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Marine mammals categories.
Environmental Studies Plan
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Author : United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Environmental Studies Plan written by United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Continental shelf categories.
Distribution Numbers And Behavior Of Gray Whales In The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary During The Southward Migration January 1987
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Author : Mary Lou Jones
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Distribution Numbers And Behavior Of Gray Whales In The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary During The Southward Migration January 1987 written by Mary Lou Jones and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Animal behavior categories.
Anthropogenic Disturbance Of Western Gray Whale Behavior Off Sakhalin Island Russia
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Author : Glenn Andrew Gailey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Anthropogenic Disturbance Of Western Gray Whale Behavior Off Sakhalin Island Russia written by Glenn Andrew Gailey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The western North Pacific population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) is critically endangered of extinction. The population size is estimated to be 131 individuals with 31 reproductive females. Throughout their potential home range, the western gray whale population face several threats to their future survival. On their only known feeding grounds off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia, anthropogenic activity has increased in the past decade due to oil and gas exploration and platform/pipeline construction. This dissertation examines the influences of geophysical seismic surveys (pulse sounds) and platform/pipeline installation (continuous sounds). Each chapter progressively improves upon behavioral models that assess changes in gray whale movements and respirations relative to anthropogenic activity. Theodolite tracking and focal follow methodologies were employed to collect gray whales' movement and respiration information during and in the absence of anthropogenic activity. Spatial, temporal, environmental, and acoustic (pulse and/or continuous) sound levels and non-sound related anthropogenic variables were included as explanatory variables to examine their influence on movement and respiration response variables, such as speed, orientations, dive/surface time, breathing rates, etc. During the 3-D seismic activity, gray whales traveled faster, changed directions of movement less, were recorded farther from shore and stayed underwater longer between respirations as the received sound level exposure increased. During platform/pipeline installations, western gray whales increased their distance from shore with indicators of stress (rapid breathing) and observed to be sensitive to close distance of approach by vessels. No acoustic influence on western gray whale behavior was found during a 4-D seismic survey; however, sample sizes were small in this study to sufficiently detect more subtle to moderate changes in gray whale behavior. These studies illustrate short-term influences anthropogenic activity had on western gray whale behavior which could lead to longer-term responses that may be detrimental to the survival of certain individuals and/or the population. A comprehensive analyses are proposed to increase sample sizes to identify subtle to moderate behavioral changes as well as examine alternative hypotheses to the null hypothesis of no impact used in this dissertation. With the potential to displace individuals/population out of critical feeding habitats needed for their annual survival and the expected increase of anthropogenic activity in the future, this dissertation highlights the importance to monitor and identify problems and suggest alternatives to development/activities that may be impacting this endangered population of gray whales. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149559