Habituation Mechanisms And Their Impact On Cognitive Function
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Habituation Mechanisms And Their Impact On Cognitive Function
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Author : Susanne Schmid
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-08
Habituation Mechanisms And Their Impact On Cognitive Function written by Susanne Schmid and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-08 with Habituation categories.
Habituation describes the progressive decrease of the amplitude or frequency of a motor response to repeated sensory stimulation that is not caused by sensory receptor adaptation or motor fatigue. Habituation can occur in different time scales: habituation within a testing session has been termed short-term habituation, whereas habituation across testing sessions has been termed long-term habituation. Generally, the more spaced the stimuli for inducing habituation are presented (i.e. the slower habituation is induced), the longer it seems to take to recover the behavioural response to its initial magnitude. Habituation is opposed by behavioural sensitization, which is thought to be an independent mechanism that leads to an increased behavioural response, especially if the sensory stimulus is annoying or aversive. Habituation provides an important mechanism for filtering sensory information, as it allows filtering out irrelevant stimuli and thereby focussing on important stimuli, a prerequisite for many cognitive tasks. The importance is demonstrated in mental disorders that are associated with disruptions in habituation, e.g. schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. The inability to filter out irrelevant information in patients with these disorders strongly correlates with disruptions in higher cognitive functions, such as in different types of memory and attention. Habituation is also considered to be the most basic form of non-associative implicit learning, and it can be observed throughout the animal kingdom. Based on the importance of habituation for cognitive function and therefore for the survival of an animal, it is assumed that habituation mechanisms are highly conserved across species. On the other hand, there is emerging evidence for a multitude of homo- and heterosynaptic mechanisms underlying habituation, depending on the modality of sensory stimulation, the level of sensory information processing where habituation occurs, and the temporal composition of sensory stimulation. Eric Kandel used the sea hare Aplysia in order to study habituation mechanisms of the gill withdrawal reflex; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive to date. A multitude of different organisms, behaviours, and experimental approaches have been used since in order to study habituation, but still surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms. New insights also come from an unexpected side: in the recent past, groups that have been studying molecular mechanisms underlying short- and long-term synaptic plasticity phenomenons in different parts of the rodent brain are starting to link these plasticity processes to behavioural habituation. The scope of this Frontier Research Topic is to give an overview over the concept of habituation, different animal and behavioural models used for studying habituation mechanisms, as well as the different synaptic and molecular processes suggested to play a role in behavioural habituation through Original Research Articles, Methods, Hypothesis & Theory Articles, and Reviews.
The Cognitive Neurosciences Sixth Edition
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Author : David Poeppel
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2020-04-21
The Cognitive Neurosciences Sixth Edition written by David Poeppel and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-21 with Science categories.
The sixth edition of the foundational reference on cognitive neuroscience, with entirely new material that covers the latest research, experimental approaches, and measurement methodologies. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The sixth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biological underpinnings of complex cognition—the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. It offers entirely new material, reflecting recent advances in the field, covering the latest research, experimental approaches, and measurement methodologies. This sixth edition treats such foundational topics as memory, attention, and language, as well as other areas, including computational models of cognition, reward and decision making, social neuroscience, scientific ethics, and methods advances. Over the last twenty-five years, the cognitive neurosciences have seen the development of sophisticated tools and methods, including computational approaches that generate enormous data sets. This volume deploys these exciting new instruments but also emphasizes the value of theory, behavior, observation, and other time-tested scientific habits. Section editors Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Ulman Lindenberger, Kalanit Grill-Spector and Maria Chait, Tomás Ryan and Charan Ranganath, Sabine Kastner and Steven Luck, Stanislas Dehaene and Josh McDermott, Rich Ivry and John Krakauer, Daphna Shohamy and Wolfram Schultz, Danielle Bassett and Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Marina Bedny and Alfonso Caramazza, Liina Pylkkänen and Karen Emmorey, Mauricio Delgado and Elizabeth Phelps, Anjan Chatterjee and Adina Roskies
Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Synaptic Plasticity At Hippocampal And Cortical Synapses
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Author : Roberto De Pasquale
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-11
Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Synaptic Plasticity At Hippocampal And Cortical Synapses written by Roberto De Pasquale and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-11 with Science categories.
Habituation
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Author : Thomas J. Tighe
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-07-15
Habituation written by Thomas J. Tighe and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-15 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1976, this volume is based on a conference held in 1974. The purpose of the conference was to foster communication between those researchers studying habituation or closely related processes in children and those studying habituation at the level of neurophysiology and animal behaviour. Within each of these groups there was burgeoning interest in habituation, yet there had been little, if any, interaction between them. Overall, this volume provides a medium for cross-fertilization between animal-neurophysiological and developmental research on habituation, highlighting some of the current empirical and theoretical concerns within each area at the time. While other volumes may have provided more comprehensive and detailed reviews of aspects of habituation, the juxtaposition of developmental and animal neuro-physiological research provided in this text was unique in the literature at the time.
Animal Models Of Cognitive Impairment
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Author : Edward D. Levin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-06-22
Animal Models Of Cognitive Impairment written by Edward D. Levin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-22 with Medical categories.
The costs associated with a drug's clinical trials are so significant that it has become necessary to validate both its safety and efficacy in animal models prior to the continued study of the drug in humans. Featuring contributions from distinguished researchers in the field of cognitive therapy research, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairmen
Neural Plasticity And Memory
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Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-04-17
Neural Plasticity And Memory written by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-17 with Psychology categories.
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Mechanisms Of Memory
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Author : J. David Sweatt
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-09-28
Mechanisms Of Memory written by J. David Sweatt and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-28 with Psychology categories.
This fully revised second edition provides the only unified synthesis of available information concerning the mechanisms of higher-order memory formation. It spans the range from learning theory, to human and animal behavioral learning models, to cellular physiology and biochemistry. It is unique in its incorporation of chapters on memory disorders, tying in these clinically important syndromes with the basic science of synaptic plasticity and memory mechanisms. It also covers cutting-edge approaches such as the use of genetically engineered animals in studies of memory and memory diseases. Written in an engaging and easily readable style and extensively illustrated with many new, full-color figures to help explain key concepts, this book demystifies the complexities of memory and deepens the reader’s understanding. More than 25% new content, particularly expanding the scope to include new findings in translational research. Unique in its depth of coverage of molecular and cellular mechanisms Extensive cross-referencing to Comprehensive Learning and Memory Discusses clinically relevant memory disorders in the context of modern molecular research and includes numerous practical examples
Why Do Linguistics
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Author : Fiona English
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2023-05-18
Why Do Linguistics written by Fiona English and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-18 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
What do we need to know about language and why do we need to know it? Providing the essential tools with which to analyse and talk about language, this book demonstrates the relevance of linguistics to our understanding of the world around us. This second edition includes: - Discussion of key areas of contemporary interest, such as neo-pronouns, translanguaging, and communication in the digital arena -Two brand new chapters exploring language and identity, and language and social media - A range of new and international examples - New and updated references and suggested readings - Tasks to aid learning at the end of each chapter - A glossary of key terms. Introducing a set of practical tools for language analysis and using numerous examples of authentic communicative activity, such as overheard conversations, social media posts, advertisements and public announcements, Why Do Linguistics? explores language and language use from a social, intercultural and multilingual perspective, showing how this kind of analysis works and what it can tell us about social interaction. Also accompanied by a new companion website featuring audio, video and other supportive resources for students and teachers, this book will help you to become an informed, active noticer of language.
Neurotransmitter Interactions And Cognitive Function
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Author : Edward D. Levin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-11-18
Neurotransmitter Interactions And Cognitive Function written by Edward D. Levin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-18 with Medical categories.
This book gathers cutting edge research on how transmitter interactions form the mechanistic bases for attention, learning and memory. The research provides a more accurate, though complex, picture of how the brain provides cognitive function, and offers new understanding about the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and novel avenues for therapeutic treatment. The contributors review their latest findings, and point out directions of advancement of the field of neurotransmitter interactions and cognitive function.
Food Neophobia
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Author : Steve Reilly
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2018-01-02
Food Neophobia written by Steve Reilly and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Food Neophobia: Behavioral and Biological Influences brings together academic and applied studies to give a comprehensive overview of this topic in both sensory and consumer science and pediatric psychology. The effects of food neophobia can have a huge impact on children’s lives and an influence across their lifespan. Split into two main sections, the book focuses on both the environmental and biological aspects of food neophobia. It covers social, contextual and psychosocial factors that affect food neophobia. Sensory aspects of food neophobia are covered with chapters on disgust and sensation seeking, and genetic and evolutionary influences are also thoroughly discussed. The book is essential reading for academic researchers studying food neophobia from a sensory, consumer science and psychological perspective. It will also be of value to food product developers, especially those working on products for children. Finally, healthcare professionals treating patients suffering from food neophobia will be able to gain greater insight into this condition. Covers the environmental and social influences on food neophobia Focuses on food neophobia in children and its effects on lifespan Includes discussions on the sensory elements of food neophobia, such as disgust and sensation seeking Provides treatment protocols for food neophobia