Habituation Mechanisms And Their Impact On Cognitive Function
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Habituation Mechanisms And Their Impact On Cognitive Function
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Author : Susanne Schmid
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-08
Habituation Mechanisms And Their Impact On Cognitive Function written by Susanne Schmid and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-08 with Habituation categories.
Habituation describes the progressive decrease of the amplitude or frequency of a motor response to repeated sensory stimulation that is not caused by sensory receptor adaptation or motor fatigue. Habituation can occur in different time scales: habituation within a testing session has been termed short-term habituation, whereas habituation across testing sessions has been termed long-term habituation. Generally, the more spaced the stimuli for inducing habituation are presented (i.e. the slower habituation is induced), the longer it seems to take to recover the behavioural response to its initial magnitude. Habituation is opposed by behavioural sensitization, which is thought to be an independent mechanism that leads to an increased behavioural response, especially if the sensory stimulus is annoying or aversive. Habituation provides an important mechanism for filtering sensory information, as it allows filtering out irrelevant stimuli and thereby focussing on important stimuli, a prerequisite for many cognitive tasks. The importance is demonstrated in mental disorders that are associated with disruptions in habituation, e.g. schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. The inability to filter out irrelevant information in patients with these disorders strongly correlates with disruptions in higher cognitive functions, such as in different types of memory and attention. Habituation is also considered to be the most basic form of non-associative implicit learning, and it can be observed throughout the animal kingdom. Based on the importance of habituation for cognitive function and therefore for the survival of an animal, it is assumed that habituation mechanisms are highly conserved across species. On the other hand, there is emerging evidence for a multitude of homo- and heterosynaptic mechanisms underlying habituation, depending on the modality of sensory stimulation, the level of sensory information processing where habituation occurs, and the temporal composition of sensory stimulation. Eric Kandel used the sea hare Aplysia in order to study habituation mechanisms of the gill withdrawal reflex; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive to date. A multitude of different organisms, behaviours, and experimental approaches have been used since in order to study habituation, but still surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms. New insights also come from an unexpected side: in the recent past, groups that have been studying molecular mechanisms underlying short- and long-term synaptic plasticity phenomenons in different parts of the rodent brain are starting to link these plasticity processes to behavioural habituation. The scope of this Frontier Research Topic is to give an overview over the concept of habituation, different animal and behavioural models used for studying habituation mechanisms, as well as the different synaptic and molecular processes suggested to play a role in behavioural habituation through Original Research Articles, Methods, Hypothesis & Theory Articles, and Reviews.
The Cognitive Neurosciences Sixth Edition
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Author : David Poeppel
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2020-04-21
The Cognitive Neurosciences Sixth Edition written by David Poeppel and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-21 with Science categories.
The sixth edition of the foundational reference on cognitive neuroscience, with entirely new material that covers the latest research, experimental approaches, and measurement methodologies. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The sixth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biological underpinnings of complex cognition—the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. It offers entirely new material, reflecting recent advances in the field, covering the latest research, experimental approaches, and measurement methodologies. This sixth edition treats such foundational topics as memory, attention, and language, as well as other areas, including computational models of cognition, reward and decision making, social neuroscience, scientific ethics, and methods advances. Over the last twenty-five years, the cognitive neurosciences have seen the development of sophisticated tools and methods, including computational approaches that generate enormous data sets. This volume deploys these exciting new instruments but also emphasizes the value of theory, behavior, observation, and other time-tested scientific habits. Section editors Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Ulman Lindenberger, Kalanit Grill-Spector and Maria Chait, Tomás Ryan and Charan Ranganath, Sabine Kastner and Steven Luck, Stanislas Dehaene and Josh McDermott, Rich Ivry and John Krakauer, Daphna Shohamy and Wolfram Schultz, Danielle Bassett and Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Marina Bedny and Alfonso Caramazza, Liina Pylkkänen and Karen Emmorey, Mauricio Delgado and Elizabeth Phelps, Anjan Chatterjee and Adina Roskies
The Bloomsbury Handbook Of Context And Transformative Leadership In Higher Education
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Author : Mary Drinkwater
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2024-08-22
The Bloomsbury Handbook Of Context And Transformative Leadership In Higher Education written by Mary Drinkwater and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-22 with Education categories.
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Context and Transformative Leadership in Higher Education explores the importance of cultural, political, socioeconomic and historical context in change leadership in higher education. With contributions from four continents, the handbook brings together multi-contextual perspectives to explore the importance of context to the development of the field. A broad range of topics are covered, including skills, strategies and dispositions; local, regional and cross-national partnership development; opportunities and considerations for technology; and, future visions. Countries covered include Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Dubai, Ghana, Japan, Malaysia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK and the USA. The book forms part of the Bloomsbury Handbooks of Crises and Transformative Leadership in Higher Education collection, brought together by Mary Drinkwater.
Biotremology Physiology Ecology And Evolution
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Author : Peggy S. M. Hill
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-24
Biotremology Physiology Ecology And Evolution written by Peggy S. M. Hill and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-24 with Science categories.
Biotremology is a new and emerging discipline in biological sciences that covers all aspects of behavior associated with substrate-borne mechanical waves. This volume provides state-of-the-art reviews and technical contributions from leading experts and invited younger researchers on topics from signal production and transmission to perception in its ecological context. Reviews about the knowledge of well-studied groups are complemented with perspectives on the study of less-explored groups or contexts. Special attention is given to practical issues in measuring substrate-borne vibrations as well as to applied biotremology. The book appeals to all those interested in communication and vibrational behavior.
Advances In Social Cognition Assessment And Intervention In Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author : Soumeyya Halayem
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-06
Advances In Social Cognition Assessment And Intervention In Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Soumeyya Halayem and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-06 with Medical categories.
Computational Neuroscience Theoretical Insights Into Brain Function
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Author : Paul Cisek
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-11-14
Computational Neuroscience Theoretical Insights Into Brain Function written by Paul Cisek and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-14 with Medical categories.
Computational neuroscience is a relatively new but rapidly expanding area of research which is becoming increasingly influential in shaping the way scientists think about the brain. Computational approaches have been applied at all levels of analysis, from detailed models of single-channel function, transmembrane currents, single-cell electrical activity, and neural signaling to broad theories of sensory perception, memory, and cognition. This book provides a snapshot of this exciting new field by bringing together chapters on a diversity of topics from some of its most important contributors. This includes chapters on neural coding in single cells, in small networks, and across the entire cerebral cortex, visual processing from the retina to object recognition, neural processing of auditory, vestibular, and electromagnetic stimuli, pattern generation, voluntary movement and posture, motor learning, decision-making and cognition, and algorithms for pattern recognition. Each chapter provides a bridge between a body of data on neural function and a mathematical approach used to interpret and explain that data. These contributions demonstrate how computational approaches have become an essential tool which is integral in many aspects of brain science, from the interpretation of data to the design of new experiments, and to the growth of our understanding of neural function.• Includes contributions by some of the most influential people in the field of computational neuroscience• Demonstrates how computational approaches are being used today to interpret experimental data• Covers a wide range of topics from single neurons, to neural systems, to abstract models of learning
Merenstein Gardner S Handbook Of Neonatal Intensive Care E Book
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Author : Sandra Lee Gardner
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2020-02-05
Merenstein Gardner S Handbook Of Neonatal Intensive Care E Book written by Sandra Lee Gardner and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-05 with Medical categories.
Co-authored by an interprofessional collaborative team of physicians and nurses, Merenstein & Gardner's Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care, 9th Edition is the leading resource for interprofessional, collaborative care of critically ill newborns. It offers comprehensive coverage with a unique interprofessional collaborative approach and a real-world perspective that make it a practical guide for both nurses and physicians. The new ninth edition features a wealth of expanded content on delivery-room care; new evidence-based care "bundles"; palliative care in the NICU; interprofessional collaborative care of parents with depression, grief, and complicated grief; and new pain assessment tools. Updated high-quality references have also been reintegrated into the book, making it easier for clinicians to locate research evidence and standards of care with minimal effort. These additions, along with updates throughout, ensure that clinicians are equipped with the very latest clinical care guidelines and practice recommendations — all in a practical quick-reference format for easy retrieval and review. - UNIQUE! Core author team of two physicians and two nurses gives this internationally recognized reference a true interprofessional collaborative approach that is unmatched by any other resource. - Consistent organization within clinical chapters include Physiology/Pathophysiology, Etiology, Prevention, Data Collection (History, Signs and Symptoms, and Laboratory Data), Treatment/Intervention, Complications, and Parent Teaching sections. - UNIQUE! Color-highlighted point-of-care clinical content makes high-priority clinical content quick and easy to find. - UNIQUE! Parent Teaching boxes outline the relevant information to be shared with a patient's caregivers. - Critical Findings boxes outline symptoms and diagnostic findings that require immediate attention to help the provider prioritize assessment data and steps in initial care. - Case studies demonstrate how to apply essential content to realistic clinical scenarios for application-based learning. - NEW! Updated content throughout reflects the latest evidence-based practice, national and international guidelines, and current protocols for interprofessional collaborative practice in the NICU. - NEW! Up-to-date, high-quality references are now reintegrated into the text for quick retrieval, making it easier for clinicians to locate research evidence and standards of care with minimal effort. - NEW! Expanded content on delivery-room care includes the impact of staffing on quality of care, delayed cord clamping, resuscitation, and more. - NEW! Coverage of the new evidence-based care "bundles" keeps clinicians up to date on new guidelines that have demonstrated improved outcomes of very preterm infants. - NEW! Coverage of new pain assessment tools equips NICU providers with essential resources for maintaining patient comfort. - NEW! Expanded coverage of palliative care in the NICU provides the tools needed to ensure patient comfort. - NEW! Expanded coverage of interprofessional collaborative care of parents with depression, grief, and complicated grief prepares clinicians for this essential area of practice.
Cognitive Functioning In Schizophrenia Leveraging The Rdoc Framework
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Author : Deanna M. Barch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-17
Cognitive Functioning In Schizophrenia Leveraging The Rdoc Framework written by Deanna M. Barch and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-17 with Medical categories.
This book highlights recent research investigating psychological and neural mechanisms contributing to dysfunctional cognition in people with schizophrenia. The work on cognition in schizophrenia from the past 20 years is highlighted, and emphasis throughout the book is placed on utilizing the Research Domain Criterion framework. Thus, the book also covers animals work relevant to schizophrenia that assesses behaviors utilizing the same framework, enabling mechanistic studies and highlighting potential biomarkers of function. The book also includes important areas of research in the field of cognitive function in schizophrenia that have received less attention, such as cognitive side-effects of current treatments and olfactory-based cognition. Altogether, the book provides a translational perspective of the most-up-to-date research on cognition in schizophrenia to-date, but with identification of novel directions for research initiatives..
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medicine categories.
Vestibular System Part 2 Psychophysics Applied Aspects And General Interpretations
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Author : H.H. Kornhuber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vestibular System Part 2 Psychophysics Applied Aspects And General Interpretations written by H.H. Kornhuber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
The function of the vestibular system is not as obvious as those of vision, hearing, touch or smell. Vestibular dysfunction, however, is clearly apparent where lesions are present. It is probably for this reason that the vestibular sense was not discovered until the nineteenth century and that clinicians have continued to playa major role in basic vestibular research right up to the present. The relationship between basic and clinical research is certainly stronger in the vesti bular field than in that of tactile sensation, for instance, as testified by the work of clinicians as MENIERE, BREUER, BARANY, DEKLEIJN and FRENZEL. In this respect the situation is similar in vestibular physiology and in endocrinology, and for the same reason. This second part of the vestibular volume of the Handbook of Sensory Physio logy will be of interest to neurologists, otologists, neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists and physiotherapists on the one hand, and psychologists, physiologists, engineers and aviation specialists on the other. For a full understanding of Part 2, it is necessary to have assimilated the basic anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of Part 1.