Health Disease And Causal Explanations In Medicine
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Health Disease And Causal Explanations In Medicine
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Author : L.Y Nordenfelt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Health Disease And Causal Explanations In Medicine written by L.Y Nordenfelt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
On May 13-15, 1982, some 50 scientists and scholars - physicians, philos ophers and social scientists - convened at Hasselby Castle in Stockholm for the first Nordic Symposium on the Philosophy of Medicine. The topics for the symposium included (1) the concepts of health and disease, (2) classification in medicine, and (3) causality and causal explanations in medicine. The majority of the participants were Scandinavian but the symposium was also able to welcome four distinguished guests from other parts of the world, Professors Stuart F. Spicker and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., U.S.A., Dr Anne M. Fagot, France, and Dr Werner Morbach, West Germany. The latter represented Professor Kazem Sadegh-zadeh, who unfortunately was prevented from attending. One of the main purposes of this symposium was to bring together people in Scandinavia who at present work within the field of Philosophy of Medi cine. This group is still relatively small but is growing rapidly, and the scholarly activity has recently been notable. This fact is clearly demonstrated by the presentation of 'Philosophy of Medicine in Scandinavia' in the Appendix of this volume.
Varieties Of Causal Explanation In Medical Contexts
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Author : Raffaella Campaner
language : en
Publisher: Udine/Gorizia Conference Proce
Release Date : 2020-04
Varieties Of Causal Explanation In Medical Contexts written by Raffaella Campaner and has been published by Udine/Gorizia Conference Proce this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04 with Medical categories.
Far from being the sole mode of explaining, explanation in terms of - mostly probabilistic - causes has nourished a wide debate addressing diseases, what produces them and how. Focusing on causal explanations involves, in turn, getting deeper into conceptions of causation, modelling, and control, and presents a range of relevant issues for research and clinical contexts. The aim of the volume is two-fold. In the first place, its purpose is to stress core features, differences and interactions between various theories belonging to, on the one hand, the mechanical and neo-mechanical approach to explanation, and, on the other hand, the interventionist approach, testing their suitability in medicine. In the second place, and related to the first, a form of pluralism is advocated which is grounded on a deep analysis of specific features of explanatory contexts in the health sciences, especially in cancer and mental health studies.
Etiological Explanations
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Author : Olaf Dammann
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-05-26
Etiological Explanations written by Olaf Dammann and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-26 with Medical categories.
Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. This interdisciplinary book provides a convenient and accessible distillation of the current status of research into this developing field, and adds a personal flavor to the discussion by proposing the etiological stance as a comprehensive approach to identify modifiable causes of illness. Key Features • Provides a synthesis of the epidemiological and philosophical concepts in this growing research area • Gives an accessible overview of current methods in biomedical causal metaphysics ̶ what is a cause of illness? ̶ and epistemology ̶ how do we identify it? • Proposes a novel approach that integrates modern epidemiological methodology and recent theories from philosophy of science Written for postgraduate students and researchers in the health and biomedical sciences, including those undertaking courses in the philosophy of medicine/science, public and global health, introduction to epidemiology, research methods, and advanced reasoning, the content will also be of interest to practicing public health workers, biomedical scientists, and physicians. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Olaf Dammann is Professor and Vice Chair of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; as well as a Professor in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Cover image: Mask used by "Eskimo" shaman in causation of illness. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Explaining Disease Philosophical Reflections On Medical Research And Clinical Practice
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Author : Raffaella Campaner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-08-09
Explaining Disease Philosophical Reflections On Medical Research And Clinical Practice written by Raffaella Campaner and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-09 with Medical categories.
This interdisciplinary monograph in philosophy of medicine examines models of explanation in health science and their relation with current medical trends, such as personalized and person-centered medicine. Medicine has provided challenging case studies for the general philosophy of science that have prompted rethinking of a wide range of philosophical notions – such as scientific law, theory and evidence – and contributed to the elaboration of pluralistic approaches to modeling, causality and explanation. The health sciences have increasingly recognized the role of philosophy of medicine as both a field of conceptual and methodological reflection, capable of addressing practical issues, and hence relevant for a proper understanding of the construction of medical knowledge, modeling practices, therapeutic strategies and preventive decisions. 'Explaining Disease' contains various case studies in medicine to describe the assumptions underpinning the construction of explanatory models of diseases. It shows the impact different explanatory strategies can have on practical matters, which in turn affect clinical evaluation and therapy and public health decisions. The book concludes with a few open-ended reflections to foster more thorough consideration of the role of philosophy of medicine can play its dialogue with the health sciences.
Concepts Of Health Illness And Disease
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Author : Caroline Currer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-17
Concepts Of Health Illness And Disease written by Caroline Currer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-17 with Health & Fitness categories.
Both health care practitioners and health planners are beginning to recognize the importance of differences between lay and professional concepts of health and illness. The editors of this volume, having themselves worked in this field for many years, have selected and brought together writings by distinguished scholars from Britain, France, the United States, Germany and Poland. What impresses most is the range of problems synthesized from a genuinely international and interdisciplinary perspective. No reader can fail to be fascinated by the often peculiar ways in which different societies have tried to cope with the existential questions of health and illness.
Health Disease And Illness
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Author : Arthur L. Caplan
language : en
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
Release Date : 2004-06-17
Health Disease And Illness written by Arthur L. Caplan and has been published by Georgetown University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-17 with Medical categories.
In the 1850s, "Drapetomania" was the medical term for a disease found among black slaves in the United States. The main symptom was a strange desire to run away from their masters. In earlier centuries gout was understood as a metabolic disease of the affluent, so much so that it became a badge of uppercrust honor—and a medical excuse to avoid hard work. Today, is there such a thing as mental illness, or is mental illness just a myth? Is Alzheimer's really a disease? What is menopause—a biological or a social construction? Historically one can see that health, disease, and illness are concepts that have been ever fluid. Modern science, sociology, philosophy, even society—among other factors—constantly have these issues under microscopes, learning more, defining and redefining ever more exactly. Yet often that scrutiny, instead of leading toward hard answers, only leads to more questions. Health, Disease, and Illness brings together a sterling list of classic and contemporary thinkers to examine the history, state, and future of ever-changing "concepts" in medicine. Divided into four parts—Historical Discussions; Characterizing Health, Disease, and Illness; Clinical Applications of Health and Disease; and Normalcy, Genetic Disease, and Enhancement: The Future of the Concepts of Health and Disease—the reader can see the evolutionary arc of medical concepts from the Greek physician Galen of Pergamum (ca. 150 ce) who proposed that "the best doctor is also a philosopher," to contemporary discussions of the genome and morality. The editors have recognized a crucial need for a deeper integration of medicine and philosophy with each other, particularly in an age of dynamically changing medical science—and what it means, medically, philosophically, to be human.
Rethinking Causality Complexity And Evidence For The Unique Patient
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Rethinking Causality Complexity And Evidence For The Unique Patient written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Philosophy categories.
This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness.
On The Nature Of Health
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Author : L.Y Nordenfelt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
On The Nature Of Health written by L.Y Nordenfelt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Medical categories.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION This study of the concept of health is an attempt to combine central ideas in modern philosophy of medicine with certain results from analytical action theory. What emerges from the study is a concept of health based on an action-theoretic foundation. A person's health is characterized as his ability to achieve his vital goals. The general conception is not new. This study has been inspired by a number of scholars, both ancient and modern. The most important influences from the latter have been those of Georges Canguilhem, H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. , Caroline Whitbeck and Ingmar Pörn. The novel aspect of this book consists of elaborations made to the general conception. First, the action-theoretic platform is analysed in some detail. The nature of the ability involved, as well as the conditions for having that ability, are specified. Second, the vital goals of man are given considerable attention. Some previous attempts to define such vital goals are analysed and criticized. A new characterization is proposed, in which the vital goals are conceptually linked to the notion of happiness. A person's vital goals are such states of affairs as are necessary and together sufficient for his minimal happiness. Third, a number of consequences of this con ception are observed and analysed. One issue which is particularly empha sized is that ofwhether the concept ofhealth is a theoretical or a normative concept.
Classification Disease And Evidence
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Author : Philippe Huneman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-15
Classification Disease And Evidence written by Philippe Huneman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-15 with Philosophy categories.
This anthology of essays presents a sample of studies from recent philosophy of medicine addressing issues which attempt to answer very general (interdependent) questions: (a) what is a disease and what is health? (b) How do we (causally) explain diseases? (c) And how do we distinguish diseases, i.e. define classes of diseases and recognize that an instance X of disease belongs to a given class B? (d) How do we assess and choose cure/ therapy? The book is divided into three sections: classification, disease and evidence. In general, attention is focused on statistics in medicine and epidemiology, issues in psychiatry and connecting medicine with evolutionary biology and genetics. Many authors position the theories that they address within their historical contexts. The nature of health and disease will be addressed in several essays that also touch upon very general questions about the definition of medicine and its status. Several chapters scrutinize classification because of its centrality within philosophical problems raised by medicine and its core position in the philosophical questioning of psychiatry. Specificities of medical explanation have recently come under a new light, particularly because of the rise of statistical methods and several chapters investigate these methods in specific contexts such as epidemiology or meta-analysis of random testing. Taken together this collection addresses the question of how we gather, use and assess evidence for various medical theories. The rich assortment of disciplines featured also includes epidemiology, parasitology and public health, while technical aspects such as the application of game theory to medical research and the misuse of the DSM in forensic psychiatry are also given an airing. The book addresses more than the construction of medical knowledge, however, adding cogent appraisal of the processes of decision making in medicine and the protocols used to justify therapeutic choices.
Philosophy Of Medicine
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Author : Fred Gifford
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-08-23
Philosophy Of Medicine written by Fred Gifford and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-23 with Mathematics categories.
This volume covers a wide range of conceptual, epistemological and methodological issues in the philosophy of science raised by reflection upon medical science and practice. Several chapters examine such general meta-scientific concepts as discovery, reduction, theories and models, causal inference and scientific realism as they apply to medicine or medical science in particular. Some discuss important concepts specific to medicine (diagnosis, health, disease, brain death). A topic such as evidence, for instance, is examined at a variety of levels, from social mechanisms for guiding evidence-based reasoning such as evidence-based medicine, consensus conferences, and clinical trials, to the more abstract analysis of experimentation, inference and uncertainty. Some chapters reflect on particular domains of medicine, including psychiatry, public health, and nursing. The contributions span a broad range of detailed cases from the science and practice of medicine, as well as a broad range of intellectual approaches, from conceptual analysis to detailed examinations of particular scientific papers or historical episodes. Chapters view philosophy of medicine from quite different angles Considers substantive cases from both medical science and practice Chapters from a distinguished array of contributors