Hebrew Maccabees
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Hebrew Maccabees
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: Scriptural Research Institute
Release Date : 2024-01-17
Hebrew Maccabees written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by Scriptural Research Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-17 with History categories.
Hebrew Maccabees is one of the stranger Hebrew books to have survived to the present and is either a relic of the oldest surviving book about Judas the Hammer, or a remarkably heretical medieval forgery. There is no academic consensus on what it is, and few scholars have bothered to comment on it. The book deals with the life of Judas ‘the Maccabee,’ which is of little interest to Christians. His life is of interest to Jews, however, almost all books dealing with the Maccabean Revolt are rejected as scripture in Rabbinical Judaism. Jews generally treat the Septuagint’s 1st and 2nd Maccabees, and Josephus’ Antiquities of the Judeans as historical texts of debatable accuracy, while using the Megillat Taanit and Megillat Antiochus as sources on how Hanukkah should be practiced. Hanukkah, also called the Festival of Lights, is a holiday based on the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem that happened when Judas occupied Jerusalem. The festival continues, but all records of what happened are lost or ignored. The Megillat Taanit dates to the 1st century AD, and Megillat Antiochus dates to the 2nd century AD, and neither is considered a historically reliable source by academics. This suggests that what actually happened in the time of Judas was actively suppressed during the Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties, likely because Judas was later viewed as a heretic. In most of the books featuring Judas, he reports seeing angelic horsemen that no one else could see. These horsemen are clearly part of Judas’ story, however, if they were, in fact, angels riding horses, then Judas would be a prophet. Yet, he is not accepted as a prophet in Judaism or Christianity. The idea of angels riding horses is itself unheard of in Israelite and Judahite texts, other than in texts related to Judas, which suggests he may have actually been following a different religion. During the era of the Maccabean Revolt, the high priest in Jerusalem was not a Judahite, but a Phrygian named Philip. The Phrygians worshiped Sabazdiôs, the great horseman of the sky, who was represented by a hand. The Greeks interpreted the Phrygian Sabazdiôs and Judahite Sabaoth as two forms of Dionysus. In 2ⁿᵈ Maccabees, Dionysus is used as the name of the god worshiped in the temple in Jerusalem under Greek rule. Sabaoth was recorded by the Greeks of the Hellenistic era as the name of the Judahite god, based on the Aramaic ṣbảwt, meaning ‘desires.’ However, this word took on a very different meaning as Classical Hebrew formed during the Maccabean Revolt, becoming a word meaning ‘armies’ or ‘battles.’ The duel meanings of ‘ṣbảwt’ in Semitic languages go back to very ancient times, where the oldest recorded form was the Akkadian ṣābum, meaning ‘soldier.’ Over thousands of years, the name transitioned to ‘server’ and finally ‘desires’ in Aramaic and ‘abundance’ in Arabic. When the Hasmonean dynasty decided to ‘restore’ the Hebrew language, many ancient words and meanings were introduced to the Judahite dialect of Canaanite, resulting in the new Hebrew language having many archaic terms, including ṣbảwt. The name Sabaoth is used in the Septuagint, generally where the Masoretic texts used the word ‘armies,' which has resulted in many modern academics simply accepting this as a mistranslation, however, in Hebrew Maccabees, Judas is repeatedly referred to as the ‘Anointed of Sabaoth,’ confirming that if nothing else, the author viewed Sabaoth as a proper god. While it is natural to assume that the Maccabean Revolt was about getting rid of the worship of Sabaoth / Sabazios / Dionysus, as recounted in 2nd Maccabees, this book contradicts that, and reports that Judas was a Sabaoth worshiper. Moreover, there is some incidental evidence of the continuation of Sabaoth worship under the rule of the Hasmoneans in the writing of Josephus, and also the Babylonian Talmud.
Hebrew Maccabees
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Author : Scriptural Research Institute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024-03-11
Hebrew Maccabees written by Scriptural Research Institute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-11 with Religion categories.
Hebrew Maccabees is one of the stranger Hebrew books to have survived to the present and is either a relic the oldest surviving book about Judas the Hammer, or a remarkably heretical medieval forgery. There is no academic consensus on what it is, and few scholars have bothered to comment on it. The book deals with the life of Judas 'the Maccabee, ' which is of little interest to Christians. His life is of interest to Jews, however, almost all books dealing with the Maccabean Revolt are rejected as scripture in Rabbinical Judaism. Jews generally treat the Septuagint's 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ Maccabees, and Josephus' Antiquities of the Judeans as historical texts of debatable accuracy, while using the Megillat Taanit and Megillat Antiochus as sources on how Hanukkah should be practiced. Hanukkah, also called the Festival of Lights, is a holiday based on the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem that happened when Judas occupied Jerusalem. The festival continues, but all records of what happened are lost or ignored. The Megillat Taanit dates to the 1ˢᵗ century AD, and Megillat Antiochus dates to the 2ⁿᵈ century AD, and neither is considered a historically reliable source by academics. This suggests that what actually happened in the time of Judas was actively suppressed during the Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties, likely because Judas was later viewed as a heretic. In most of the books featuring Judas, he reports seeing angelic horsemen that no one else could see. These horsemen are clearly part of Judas' story, however, if they were, in fact, angels riding horses, then Judas would be a prophet. Yet, he is not accepted as a prophet in Judaism or Christianity. The idea of angels riding horses is itself unheard of in Israelite and Judahite texts, other than in texts related to Judas, which suggests he may have actually been following a different religion. During the era of the Maccabean Revolt, the high priest in Jerusalem was not a Judahite, but a Phrygian named Philip. The Phrygians worshiped Sabazdiôs, the great horseman of the sky, who was represented by a hand. The Greeks interpreted the Phrygian Sabazdiôs and Judahite Sabaoth as two forms of Dionysus. In 2ⁿᵈ Maccabees, Dionysus is used as the name of the god worshiped in the temple in Jerusalem under Greek rule. Sabaoth was recorded by the Greeks of the Hellenistic era as the name of the Judahite god, based on the Aramaic ṣbảwt, meaning 'desires.' However, this word took on a very different meaning as Classical Hebrew formed during the Maccabean Revolt, becoming a word meaning 'armies' or 'battles.' The duel meanings of 'ṣbảwt' in Semitic languages go back to very ancient times, where the oldest recorded form was the Akkadian ṣābum, meaning 'soldier.' Over thousands of years, the name transitioned to 'server' and finally 'desires' in Aramaic and 'abundance' in Arabic. When the Hasmonean dynasty decided to 'restore' the Hebrew language, many ancient words and meanings were introduced to the Judahite dialect of Canaanite, resulting in the new Hebrew language having many archaic terms, including ṣbảwt. The name Sabaoth is used in the Septuagint, generally where the Masoretic texts used the word 'armies, ' which has resulted in many modern academics simply accepting this as a mistranslation, however, in Hebrew Maccabees, Judas is repeatedly referred to as the 'Anointed of Sabaoth, ' confirming that if nothing else, the author viewed Sabaoth as a proper god. While it is natural to assume that the Maccabean Revolt was about getting rid of the worship of Sabaoth / Sabazios / Dionysus, as recounted in 2ⁿᵈ Maccabees, this book contradicts that, and reports that Judas was a Sabaoth worshiper. Moreover, there is some incidental evidence of the continuation of Sabaoth worship under the rule of the Hasmoneans in the writing of Josephus, and also the Babylonian Talmud.
From The Maccabees To The Mishnah
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Author : Shaye J. D. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Westminster John Knox Press
Release Date : 2006-01-01
From The Maccabees To The Mishnah written by Shaye J. D. Cohen and has been published by Westminster John Knox Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Religion categories.
In this new edition of a best-selling classic, Shaye Cohen offers a thorough analysis of Judaism's development from the early years of the Roman Empire to the formative period of rabbinic Judaism. Cohen's synthesis of religion, literature, and history offers deep insight into the nature of Judaism at this key period, including the relationship between Jews and Gentiles, the function of Jewish religion in the larger community, and the development of normative Judaism and other Jewish sects. In addition, Cohen provides clear explanations concerning the formation of the biblical canon and the roots of rabbinic Judaism. Now completely updated and revised, this book remains the clearest introduction to the era that shaped Judaism and provided the context for early Christianity. The Library of Early Christianity is a series of eight outstanding books exploring the Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts in which the New Testament developed.
From The Maccabees To The Mishnah Third Edition
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Author : Shaye Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Westminster John Knox Press
Release Date : 2014-11-22
From The Maccabees To The Mishnah Third Edition written by Shaye Cohen and has been published by Westminster John Knox Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-22 with Religion categories.
This is the third edition of Shaye J. D. Cohen's important and seminal work on the history and development of Judaism between 164 BCE to 300 CE. Cohen's synthesis of religion, literature, and history offers deep insight into the nature of Judaism at this key period, including the relationship between Jews and Gentiles, the function of Jewish religion in the larger community, and the development of normative Judaism and other Jewish sects. Cohen offers students more than just history, but an understanding of the social and cultural context of Judaism as it developed into the formative period of rabbinic Judaism. This new edition includes a brand-new chapter on the parting of ways between Jews and Christians in the second century CE. From the Maccabees to the Mishnah remains the clearest introduction to the era that shaped Judaism and provided the context for early Christianity.
1st 2nd Maccabees
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Author : Bayt Agoodah Publications
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-04-22
1st 2nd Maccabees written by Bayt Agoodah Publications and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-22 with categories.
This edition of 1st and 2nd Maccabees is peculiar in that it is the only English-Hebrew version available. Extracted from the Greek Septuagint and restored to the Hebrew Tongue, this is a must have for your library.
1 Maccabees
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Author : Daniel R. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2022-04-26
1 Maccabees written by Daniel R. Schwartz and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-26 with Religion categories.
A new translation and commentary on I Maccabees that offers a fresh interpretation of the author’s values and purpose First Maccabees, composed in the second century BCE, chronicles four decades of clashes between Hellenistic Syria and Judea, from Antiochus Epiphanes’s ascent to the throne in 175 BCE to the Hasmoneans’ establishment of an independent Judean state, ruled by Simon and his sons. In this volume, Daniel R. Schwartz provides a new translation of the Greek text and analyzes its historical significance. In dialogue with contemporary scholarship, the introduction surveys the work’s themes, sources, and transmission, while the commentary addresses textual details and issues of historical reconstruction, often devoting special attention to the lost Hebrew original and its associations. Schwartz demonstrates that 1 Maccabees, despite its Hebraic biblical style and its survival within the Christian canon, deviates from biblical and Judaic works by marginalizing God, evincing scorn for martyrs, and ascribing to human power and valor crucial historical roles. This all fits its mandate: justification of the Hasmonean dynasty, especially the Simonides.
Jewish Identity And Politics Between The Maccabees And Bar Kokhba
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Author : Benedikt Eckhardt
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2011-10-28
Jewish Identity And Politics Between The Maccabees And Bar Kokhba written by Benedikt Eckhardt and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-28 with Religion categories.
Based on an interdisciplinary conference held in Münster, this volume discusses the interrelation between political change and Jewish identity in the three centuries between the Maccabean and the Bar Kokhba revolt (168 BCE – 135 CE).
2 Maccabees
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Author : Robert Doran
language : en
Publisher: Hermeneia: A Critical & Histor
Release Date : 2012
2 Maccabees written by Robert Doran and has been published by Hermeneia: A Critical & Histor this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Religion categories.
The second-century B.C.E. Maccabean revolt against Seleucid oppression was a watershed event in early Jewish history and Second Maccabees is an important testimony to the revolt and its aftermath. Robert Doran's commentary on 2 Maccabees explores the interplay between history and historiography in the document. Providing detailed philological analysis of the elegant Greek of the text, Doran carefully sifts the evidence for the historicity of the events recounted, while giving full attention to the literary and rhetorical qualities that mark this dramatic narrative.
The Third And Fourth Books Of Maccabees
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Author : Moses Hadas
language : el
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
The Third And Fourth Books Of Maccabees written by Moses Hadas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with Aprocryphal books (Old Testament) categories.
The Maccabean Martyrs As Saviours Of The Jewish People
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Author : Jan Willem van Henten
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-11-22
The Maccabean Martyrs As Saviours Of The Jewish People written by Jan Willem van Henten and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-22 with Religion categories.
This volume deals with the presentation of the so-called Maccabean martyrs and the elder Razis in 2 and 4 Maccabees, discussing the religious, the political as well as the philosophical aspects of noble death in these writings. It argues that the theme of martyrdom is a very important part of the self-image of the Jews as presented by the authors of both works. Eleazar, the anonymous mother with her seven sons and Razis should, therefore, be considered heroes of the Jewish people. The first part of the book discusses the sources and the second part deals with the descriptions of noble death. This section of the book also offers extensive discussions of related non-Jewish traditions which highlight the political-patriotic dimension of noble death as described in 2 and 4 Maccabees.