Heterogeneity In The Crust And Upper Mantle
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Heterogeneity In The Crust And Upper Mantle
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Author : John A. Goff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Heterogeneity In The Crust And Upper Mantle written by John A. Goff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Most of our knowledge about the physical structure and the chemical composition of the Earth's deep interior is inferred from seismic data. The interpretation of seismic waves generally follows the assumption that the Earth's physical structure is grossly layered and that fluctuations of the physical parameters within individual layers are smooth in structure and small in magnitude. While this view greatly facilitates the analytic and interpretative procedure, it is clearly at odds with evidence from outcrops and boreholes, which indicates that compositional, structural and petrophysical heterogeneity in the Earth prevails over a wide range of scales. This book is the first to unify three different views of crustal and upper mantle heterogeneity. It brings together the geological view, which is derived from the analysis of crustal exposures and deep boreholes; the stochastic view, which attempts to find order and structure in these seemingly chaotic data; and the seismological view, which considers the end product of the complex interaction of seismic energy with the heterogeneous structure at depth. John Goff and Klaus Holliger have compiled chapters that explore and quantify the relationship between geological and petrophysical heterogeneity and its seismic response, and use seismic data to probe the fabric of the Earth's interior. Geologists, geostaticians, and geophysicists alike will benefit from the integrative perspective presented in Heterogeneity in the Crust and Upper Mantle: Nature, Scaling, and Seismic Properties, making this text an unparalleled reference for professionals and students in Earth science fields.
Heterogeneity In The Crust And Upper Mantle
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Author : John A Goff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002-11-30
Heterogeneity In The Crust And Upper Mantle written by John A Goff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-30 with categories.
The Earth S Heterogeneous Mantle
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Author : Amir Khan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-04-28
The Earth S Heterogeneous Mantle written by Amir Khan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-28 with Science categories.
This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the secrets of the evolution of our planet. This series of topical reviews and original contributions address 4 themes. Theme 1 covers topics in geophysics, including global and regional seismic tomography, electrical conductivity and seismic imaging of mantle discontinuities and heterogeneities in the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Theme 2 addresses geochemical views of the mantle including lithospheric evolution from analysis of mantle xenoliths, composition of the deep Earth and the effect of water on subduction-zone processes. Theme 3 discusses geodynamical perspectives on the global thermo-chemical structure of the deep mantle. Theme 4 covers application of mineral physics data and phase equilibrium computations to infer the regional-scale thermo-chemical structure of the mantle.
Seismic Wave Propagation And Scattering In The Heterogeneous Earth Second Edition
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Author : Haruo Sato
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-28
Seismic Wave Propagation And Scattering In The Heterogeneous Earth Second Edition written by Haruo Sato and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-28 with Science categories.
Seismic waves - generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources - have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or spherical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda waves, have shown that there are heterogeneities of random size scattered randomly throughout the layers of the classic seismic model. This book focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed. The second edition especially includes new observational facts such as the spatial variation of medium inhomogeneities and the temporal change in scattering characteristics and recent theoretical developments in the envelope synthesis in random media for the last ten years. Mathematics is thoroughly rewritten for improving the readability. Written for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students of geophysics or planetary sciences, this book should also be of interest to civil engineers, seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave propagation through inhomogeneous elastic media.
Oceanic Hotspots
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Author : Roger Hekinian
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Oceanic Hotspots written by Roger Hekinian and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Ocean Hotspots provides a comprehensive overview of recent and ongoing research on intraplate volcanism in the ocean basins with special emphasis on the Pacific Ocean. The geology of the seamounts and their associated seamount chains is described, along with detailed geophysical, geochemical and hydrothermal observations made by a multi-disciplinary group of marine geoscientists. These observations lead to a deeper understanding of how the ascending mantle melts, represented by hotspots, are able to penetrate the lithosphere, build seamounts, and enhance hydrothermal circulation. The "fixed" hotspot-generated seamount chains also provide key constraints on plate tectonic reconstructions on the Earth's crust.
Problems And Methods For Lithospheric Exploration
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Author : Roberto Cassinis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Problems And Methods For Lithospheric Exploration written by Roberto Cassinis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
This volume contains several contributions among those held at the fourth Course of the International School of Applied Geophysics, Erice, March 15-24, 1982. The content has been arranged according to the three main topics covered during the course: the goedynamic models, the contribution of geophysics to their construction and the optimization and constrains of the exploration methods. At the end of the volume, four short notes are published, written by participants to the course and related to the general subject. It is regrettable that not all the lectures and discussions are available for publication in this volume. However, it is hoped that the papers presented here will stimulate further discussions and suggest new topics for future meetings. R.Cassinis v CONTENTS 1 Introductory note R Cassinis Global seismology and the investigation of deep 5 continental structure G Nolet The relation between superficial and deep structure of 23 the Caucasus region and possible geodynamic model V N Sholpo Seismicity and crustal structure in the Italian region: 53 a preliminary zoning R Cassinis 93 Structure seismology I P Kosminskaya Main features of crustal structures in mediterranean 113 collisional zones P Giese Potentia~ and constraints of near vertical reflection 133 seismics in non-sedimentary deep formations K Helbig and J Schmoll Geoelectrical deep explorations by means of direct currents L Alfano 179 Reflection profiling of the continental crust R Phinney Evidence for a strong crust-mantle boundary undulation in the TYrrhenian sea from a refraction seismic 183 survey C B!)ttcher
Upper Mantle Heterogeneities From Active And Passive Seismology
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Author : K. Fuchs
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Upper Mantle Heterogeneities From Active And Passive Seismology written by K. Fuchs and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
600 km giving insight into the 3D structure of the upper mantle. These data are confronted with the requirements of the CTBT for 3D regional seismic models of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system. The two primary purposes of the present work are, first, to present these seismic observations on super long-range profiles in digitised format, using peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) in the former USSR, and, second, to present the joint thoughts of experts from the deep seismic sounding (DSS) and the comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) communities. Implications for petrological and other earth science disciplines are presented. Audience: The CTBT community and earth scientists interested in the 3D structure of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system.
Physics Of Sedimentology
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Author : Kenneth J. Hsü
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Physics Of Sedimentology written by Kenneth J. Hsü and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
Physics of Sedimentology explains sedimentological processes via the fundamental physics that underlies the actual mechanisms involved. The applicability of fundamental principles, such as Newton's Three Laws of Motion, the Law of Conservation of Energy, the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, and of other physical relations in hydraulics and groundwater hydrology is illustrated by discussions of natural processes which form sediments and sedimentary rocks. The author's educational background as a major in physics and geology, and his 40-years' experience in teaching and research have enabled him to bring together physics and geology in this enjoyable and highly readable book. In this second edition several chapters have been updated and amended to reflect progress in the field.
High Performance Computing In Science And Engineering 99
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Author : E. Krause
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
High Performance Computing In Science And Engineering 99 written by E. Krause and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
The book contains reports about the most significant projects from science and engineering of the Federal High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). They were carefully selected in a peer-review process and are showcases of an innovative combination of state-of-the-art modeling, novel algorithms and the use of leading-edge parallel computer technology. The projects of HLRS are using supercomputer systems operated jointly by university and industry and therefore a special emphasis has been put on the industrial relevance of results and methods.
Plates Plumes And Planetary Processes
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Author : Gillian R. Foulger
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2007
Plates Plumes And Planetary Processes written by Gillian R. Foulger and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Science categories.
Presents a collection of papers discussing various hypotheses and models of planetary plumes.