Heterogeneous Firms Informality And Trade Liberalization
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Heterogeneous Firms Informality And Trade Liberalization
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Author : Dennis Becker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Heterogeneous Firms Informality And Trade Liberalization written by Dennis Becker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The dissertation explores the impact of trade liberalization on heterogeneous firms in the presence of informality. In the first paper, I investigate the role of the informal sector in the impact of trade liberalization on welfare, employment and wage inequality in a model of trade with heterogeneous firms. The findings suggest that trade liberalization reduces informal employment unambiguously. Contrary to the extant literature, however, its impact on welfare, total employment and wage inequality is country-specific. The second paper introduces product-level regulation as new driver of informality in a model of heterogeneous multi-product firms and endogenous product choice, where firms face regulation at both firm- and product-level and may comply with or evade either. The model suggests that firmlevel regulation causes informality by deterring firm registration. However, product-level regulation has two effects: it directly drives product informality within the formal sector as evasion of product regulation and indirectly deters firms from registering. When considering product-revenue distribution, formal firms are less diversified than informal firms, which implies that the formalization of economies may entail welfare loses due to decreased product diversity. The third paper studies trade liberalization, informality and corruption. Informality is commonly seen as response to regulations and weak institutions. Yet, regulatory changes, such as trade liberalization, and institutions interact, rendering their joint effect on formality ambiguous. I therefore study the impact of trade liberalization on firm formality in a model of heterogeneous firms and endogenous corruption. The model suggests that a higher entry cost to the formal sector, entailing more corruption, and trade liberalization decrease formality. However, as trade liberalization reduces corruption, the formal sector is less responsive to trade in economies with higher entry cost, hampering the selection effect of trade. An instrumental variable panel data analysis on Vietnamese SME surrounding Vietnam's WTO accession confirms the predictions.
Heterogeneous Firms And Informality
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Author : Dennis Becker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Heterogeneous Firms And Informality written by Dennis Becker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The informal sector is often seen as a coping mechanism for firms that choose to evade registration fees or pay low wages. In this paper, I investigate the role of the informal sector in the impact of trade liberalization on welfare, employment and wage inequality in a model of trade with heterogeneous firms. The findings suggest that trade liberalization reduces informal employment unambiguously. Contrary to the extant literature, however, its impact on welfare, total employment and wage inequality is country-specific.
Trade Liberalization With Heterogeneous Firms
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Author : Richard E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Trade Liberalization With Heterogeneous Firms written by Richard E. Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Free trade categories.
Heterogeneous Firms And Trade
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Author : Marc J. Melitz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Heterogeneous Firms And Trade written by Marc J. Melitz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business enterprises categories.
This paper reviews the new approach to international trade based on firm heterogeneity in differentiated product markets. This approach explains a variety of features exhibited in disaggregated trade data, including the higher productivity of exporters relative to non-exporters, within-industry reallocations of resources following trade liberalization, and patterns of trade participation across firms and destination markets. Accounting for these empirical patterns reveals new mechanisms through which the aggregate economy is affected by trade liberalization, including endogenous increases in average industry and firm productivity -- National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Comparative Advantage And Heterogeneous Firms
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Author : Andrew B. Bernard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Comparative Advantage And Heterogeneous Firms written by Andrew B. Bernard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Diversification in industry categories.
This paper presents a model of international trade that features heterogeneous firms, relative endowment differences across countries, and consumer taste for variety. The paper demonstrates that firm reactions to trade liberalization generate endogenous Ricardian productivity responses at the industry level that magnify countries' comparative advantage. Focusing on the wide range of firm-level reactions to falling trade costs, the model also shows that, as trade costs fall, firms in comparative advantage industries are more likely to export, that relative firm size and the relative number of firms increases more in comparative advantage industries and that job turnover is higher in comparative advantage industries than in comparative disadvantage industries.
Trade Liberalization With Heterogenous Firms
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Author : Richard E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Trade Liberalization With Heterogenous Firms written by Richard E. Baldwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Free trade categories.
This paper examines the impact of trade liberalization with heterogeneous firms using the Melitz (2003) model. We find a number of novel results and effects including a Stolper-Samuelson like result and several results related to the volume of trade, which are empirically testable. We also find what might be called an anti-variety effect as the result of trade liberalization. This resonates with the often voiced criticism from antiglobalists that globalization leads the world to become more homogenous by eliminating local specialities. Nevertheless, we find that trade liberalization always leads to welfare gains in the model.
The Effect Of Trade Liberalization On Informality And Wages
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Author : Benjamin Aleman-Castilla
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Effect Of Trade Liberalization On Informality And Wages written by Benjamin Aleman-Castilla and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Free trade categories.
This paper studies the impact of NAFTA on informality and real wages in Mexico. Using a dynamic industry model with firm heterogeneity, it is predicted that import tariff elimination could reduce the incidence of informality by making more profitable to some firms to enter the formal sector, forcing the less productive informal firms to exit the industry, and inducing the most productive formal firms to engage in trade. The model also predicts market share reallocations towards the most productive firms, and an increase in real wages due to the increased labour demand by these firms. Using data on Mexican and U.S. import tariffs together with the Mexican National Survey of Urban Labour (ENEU), I find that reductions in the Mexican import tariffs are significantly related to reductions in the likelihood of informality in the tradable industries. I also find that informality decreases less in industries with higher levels of import penetration, while it decreases more in industries that are relatively more export oriented. Finally, I confirm that the elimination of the Mexican import tariffs is related to an increase in real wages, and that the elimination of the U.S. import tariff has contributed to the expansion of the formal-informal wage differentials.
Trade Liberalization Firm Heterogneity And Wages
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Author : Pravin Krishna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Trade Liberalization Firm Heterogneity And Wages written by Pravin Krishna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Commercial policy categories.
In this paper, the authors use a linked employer-employee database from Brazil to examine the impact of trade reform on the wages of workers employed at heterogeneous firms. The analysis of the data at the firm-level confirms earlier findings of a differential positive effect of trade liberalization on the average wages at exporting firms relative to non-exporting firms. However, this analysis of average firm-level wages is incomplete along several dimensions. First, it cannot fully account for the impact of a change in trade barriers on workforce composition especially in terms of unobservable (time-invariant) characteristics of workers (innate ability) and any additional productivity that obtains in the context of employment in the specific firm (match specific ability). Furthermore, the firm-level analysis is undertaken under the assumption that the assignment of workers to firms is random. This ignores the sorting of worker into firms and leads to a bias in estimates of the differential impact of trade on workers at exporting firms relative to non-exporting firms. Using detailed information on worker and firm characteristics to control for compositional effects and using firm-worker match specific effects to account for the endogenous mobility of workers, the authors find the differential effect of trade openness on wages in exporting firms relative to domestic firms to be insignificant. Consistent with the models of Helpman, Itskhoki, and Redding (2010) and Davidson, Matusz and Schevchenko (2008), they also find that the workforce composition improves systematically in exporting firms in terms of innate (time invariant) worker ability and in terms the quality of the worker-firm matches.
Trade Liberalization Firm Performance And Labor Market Outcomes In The Developing World
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Author : Paolo Epifani
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Trade Liberalization Firm Performance And Labor Market Outcomes In The Developing World written by Paolo Epifani and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Comercio regional categories.
Reviews the micro-level evidence on the effects of trade and investment liberalization in the developing world. He focuses, in particular, on the effects of the 1991 trade reform in India since it provides an excellent controlled experiment in which the effects of a drastic trade regime change can be measured. His main findings are: 1) There is evidence of trade-induced productivity gains (in this respect, however, India is an exception. 2) These gains mainly stem from intra-industry reallocation of resources among firms with different productivity levels. 3) The gains are larger in import-competing sectors. 4) There is no evidence of significant scale efficiency gains. Unilateral trade liberalization is often associated with a reduced scale efficiency. 5) There is evidence of a pro-competitive effect of trade liberalization. 6) There is no evidence either of learning-by-exporting effects or of beneficial spillover effects from foreign-owned to local firms active in the same sectors. 7) There is evidence, however, of positive vertical spillovers from foreign direct investment. 8) There is evidence of skill upgrading induced either by technology imports or by trade-induced reallocations of market shares in favor of plants with higher skill-intensity. 9) There is no evidence of trade-induced increases in labor demand elasticities. But direct evidence suggests that trade exposure raises wage volatility. 10) There is no evidence of substantial employment contraction in import-competing sectors.
Trade Liberalization With Heterogenous Firms
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Trade Liberalization With Heterogenous Firms written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.