Heuristic Reasoning
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Heuristic Reasoning
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Author : Emiliano Ippoliti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-05
Heuristic Reasoning written by Emiliano Ippoliti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How can we advance knowledge? Which methods do we need in order to make new discoveries? How can we rationally evaluate, reconstruct and offer discoveries as a means of improving the ‘method’ of discovery itself? And how can we use findings about scientific discovery to boost funding policies, thus fostering a deeper impact of scientific discovery itself? The respective chapters in this book provide readers with answers to these questions. They focus on a set of issues that are essential to the development of types of reasoning for advancing knowledge, such as models for both revolutionary findings and paradigm shifts; ways of rationally addressing scientific disagreement, e.g. when a revolutionary discovery sparks considerable disagreement inside the scientific community; frameworks for both discovery and inference methods; and heuristics for economics and the social sciences.
Heuristic Reasoning In Management Accounting
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Author : Jörn Sebastian Basel
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012
Heuristic Reasoning In Management Accounting written by Jörn Sebastian Basel and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
Heuristics are short-cuts and deliberately ignore information, for instance through examining fewer cues or integrating less information. However, this collides with a view on management accountants and controllers as rational agents which seems to suggest that all available information should be considered. As their role as information supplier is often accompanied with the task to assist managers in their judgment and decision making, they have huge influence on these processes. Therefore, it is of high relevance to know if, how, and which heuristics management accountants and controllers use. Furthermore, we need to know which individual and situational factors influence their usage of heuristics. With a series of five empirical studies, applying a mixed-methods research design, the author sheds light to these research questions and addresses some central claims of the potential biases but also the stunning benefits of relying on heuristic reasoning. Central to his discussion are dual-process-approaches which are debated in cognitive psychology. Scholars of these approaches claim that we should distinguish between two distinct processes (or systems) of the human mind. Following this interpretation, heuristics are processes which are described as intuitive, automatic, fast, and unconscious. They are routinized cognitive processes which are based on experience in certain social environments and thus often exhibit ecological rationality. Overall, this book picks up an up-to-date topic in behavioural accounting research, which not only is of relevance for researchers but as well for practitioners.
Thinking And Reasoning In Human Decision Making
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Author : Peter A. Facione
language : en
Publisher: Insight Assessment
Release Date : 2007
Thinking And Reasoning In Human Decision Making written by Peter A. Facione and has been published by Insight Assessment this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Education categories.
Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty
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Author : Paul R. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Pitman Publishing
Release Date : 1985
Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty written by Paul R. Cohen and has been published by Pitman Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Computers categories.
A Theory Of Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty
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Author : Stanford University. Computer Science Dept. Heuristic Programming Project
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
A Theory Of Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty written by Stanford University. Computer Science Dept. Heuristic Programming Project and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
Heuristic Strategies In The Speeches Of Cicero
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Author : Gábor Tahin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-23
Heuristic Strategies In The Speeches Of Cicero written by Gábor Tahin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-23 with Philosophy categories.
This book introduces a new form of argumentative analysis: rhetorical heuremes. The method applies the concepts of heuristic thinking, probability, and contingency in order to develop a better understanding of complex arguments in classical oratory. A new theory is required because Greek and Roman rhetoric cannot provide detailed answers to problems of strategic argumentation in the analysis of speeches. Building on scholarship in Ciceronian oratory, this book moves beyond the extant terminology and employs a concept of heuristic reasoning derived from the psychology of decision making and mathematical problem solving. The author analyses selected passages from Cicero’s forensic speeches where arguments of probability are deployed, and shows that the Sophistic concept of probability can link ancient rhetoric and modern theories of argumentation. Six groups of heuremes are identified, each of which represents a form of probabilistic reasoning by which the orator plays upon the perception of the jurors.
The Heuristics Debate
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Author : Mark Kelman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-04-15
The Heuristics Debate written by Mark Kelman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-15 with Law categories.
All of us use heuristics--that is, we reach conclusions using shorthand cues without using or analyzing all of the available information. Heuristics pervade all aspects of life, from the most mundane practices to more important ones, like economic decision making and politics. People may decide how fast to drive merely by mimicking others around them or decide in which safety project to invest public resources based on the past disasters most readily called to mind. Not surprisingly, opinions vary about our tendency to use heuristics. The 'heuristics and biases' school argues that the practice often leads to outcomes that are not ideal: people act on too little information, make incorrect assumptions, and don't understand the consequences of their actions. The 'fast and frugal' school contends that while mistakes will inevitably occur, the benefits generally outweigh the costs--not only because using heuristics enables us to reach judgments given realistic constraints of time and attention, but because heuristics users often outperform those using more conventionally rational methods. In The Heuristics Debate, Mark Kelman takes a step back from the chaos of competing academic debates to consider what we have learned--and still need to learn--about the way people actually make decisions. In doing so, Kelman uncovers a powerful tool for understanding the relationship between human reasoning and public policy. Can we figure out more optimal modes of disclosure to consumers or better rules of evidence and jury instructions if we understand more accurately how people process information? Can we figure out how best to increase compliance with law if we understand how people make decisions about whether or not to comply? Alongside a penetrating analysis of the various schools of thought on heuristics, Kelman offers a comprehensive account of how distinct conceptions of the role and nature of heuristic reasoning shape--and misshape--law and policy in America. The Heuristics Debate is a groundbreaking work that will change how we think about the relationship between human psychology, the law, and public policy.
Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty An Artificial Intelligence Approach
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Author : Paul Raymond Cohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty An Artificial Intelligence Approach written by Paul Raymond Cohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Artificial intelligence categories.
Building Theories
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Author : David Danks
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-18
Building Theories written by David Danks and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-18 with Philosophy categories.
This book explores new findings on the long-neglected topic of theory construction and discovery, and challenges the orthodox, current division of scientific development into discrete stages: the stage of generation of new hypotheses; the stage of collection of relevant data; the stage of justification of possible theories; and the final stage of selection from among equally confirmed theories. The chapters, written by leading researchers, offer an interdisciplinary perspective on various aspects of the processes by which theories rationally should, and descriptively are, built. They address issues such as the role of problem-solving and heuristic reasoning in theory-building; how inferences and models shape the pursuit of scientific knowledge; the relation between problem-solving and scientific discovery; the relative values of the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic view of theories in understanding theory construction; and the relation between ampliative inferences, heuristic reasoning, and models as a means for building new theories and knowledge. Through detailed arguments and examinations, the volume collectively challenges the orthodox view’s main tenets by characterizing the ways in which the different “stages” are logically, temporally, and psychologically intertwined. As a group, the chapters provide several attempts to answer long-standing questions about the possibility of a unified conceptual framework for building theories and formulating hypotheses.
Reasoning Rationality And Dual Processes
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Author : Jonathan St B.T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-10-30
Reasoning Rationality And Dual Processes written by Jonathan St B.T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with Psychology categories.
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.