Hierarchical Perspectives On Marine Complexities
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Hierarchical Perspectives On Marine Complexities
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Author : Spencer Apollonio
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2002-10-30
Hierarchical Perspectives On Marine Complexities written by Spencer Apollonio and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-30 with Science categories.
The Gulf of Maine supports a vital fishery for North America and is one of the most intensely studied marine ecosystems in the world. An understanding of its ecology has practical applications to management of other marine systems and fisheries. This book is the first application of Hierarchy Theory to the ecological workings of the Gulf of Maine and of marine ecosystems in general. Hierarchy Theory offers a perspective that simplifies the apparent complications and contradictions of ecosystems, which encompass a number of scales of time (from minutes to decades or longer) and of space (from centimeters to kilometers). Spencer Apollonio explores in detail the idea of natural constraints inherent in hierarchical ecosystems and the impact upon such systems when constraints are reduced or removed. He argues that conventional fisheries management, which practices the removal of these constraints, may be doomed to failure. Apollonio focuses in particular on the "groundfish crisis" in the Gulf, the precipitous decline due to overfishing in populations of cod, haddock, pollock, hakes, and various types of flounders, which have together constituted the mainstay of the Maine fishing industry for centuries. Hierarchical Perspectives on Marine Complexities presents a compelling case for a new approach that holds the promise of resource sustainability in the face of enormously complicated natural and cultural forces.
Complexity Theory For A Sustainable Future
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Author : Jon Norberg
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2008-07-11
Complexity Theory For A Sustainable Future written by Jon Norberg and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-11 with Science categories.
Complexity theory illuminates the many interactions between natural and social systems, providing a better understanding of the general principles that can help solve some of today's most pressing environmental issues. Complexity theory was developed from key ideas in economics, physics, biology, and the social sciences and contributes to important new concepts for approaching issues of environmental sustainability such as resilience, scaling, and networks. Complexity Theory for a Sustainable Future is a hands-on treatment of this exciting new body of work and its applications, bridging the gap between theoretical and applied perspectives in the management of complex adaptive systems. Focusing primarily on natural resource management and community-based conservation, the book features contributions by leading scholars in the field, many of whom are among the leaders of the Resilience Alliance. Theoreticians will find a valuable synthesis of new ideas on resilience, sustainability, asymmetries, information processing, scaling, and networks. Managers and policymakers will benefit from the application of these ideas to practical approaches and empirical studies linked to social-ecological systems. Chapters present new twists on such existing approaches as scenario planning, scaling analyses, and adaptive management, and the book concludes with recommendations on how to manage natural resources, how to involve stakeholders in the dynamics of a system, and how to explain the difficult topic of scale. A vital reference for an emerging discipline, this volume provides a clearer understanding of the conditions required for systems self-organization, since the capacity of any system to self-organize is crucial for its sustainability over time.
Complex Ecology
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Author : Charles G. Curtin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-05-31
Complex Ecology written by Charles G. Curtin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-31 with Nature categories.
Research papers from the end of twentieth-century have been assembled, alongside expert commentary, for the first collected volume on complexity-based ecology.
Toward A Unified Ecology
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Author : Timothy F. H. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2015-06-23
Toward A Unified Ecology written by Timothy F. H. Allen and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-23 with Science categories.
The first edition of Toward a Unified Ecology was ahead of its time. For the second edition, the authors present a new synthesis of their core ideas on evaluating communities, organisms, populations, biomes, models, and management. The book now places greater emphasis on post-normal critiques, cognizant of ever-present observer values in the system. The problem it addresses is how to work holistically on complex things that cannot be defined, and this book continues to build an approach to the problem of scaling in ecosystems. Provoked by complexity theory, the authors add a whole new chapter on the central role of narrative in science and how models improve them. The book takes data and modeling seriously, with a sophisticated philosophy of science.
Discontinuities In Ecosystems And Other Complex Systems
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Author : Craig R. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2008-08-05
Discontinuities In Ecosystems And Other Complex Systems written by Craig R. Allen and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-05 with Science categories.
Following the publication of C. S. Holling's seminal work on the relationship between animal body mass patterns and scale-specific landscape structure, ecologists began to explore the theoretical and applied consequences of discontinuities in ecosystems and other complex systems. Are ecosystems and their components continuously distributed and do they adhere to scaling laws, or are they discontinuous and more complex than early models would have us believe? The resulting propositions over the structure of complex systems sparked an ongoing debate regarding the mechanisms generating discontinuities and the statistical methods used for their detection. This volume takes the view that ecosystems and other complex systems are inherently discontinuous and that such fields as ecology, economics, and urban studies greatly benefit from this paradigm shift. Contributors present evidence of the ubiquity of discontinuous distributions in ecological and social systems and how their analysis provides insight into complex phenomena. The book is divided into three sections. The first focuses on background material and contrasting views concerning the discontinuous organization of complex systems. The second discusses discontinuous patterns detected in a number of different systems and methods for detecting them, and the third touches on the potential significance of discontinuities in complex systems. Science is still dominated by a focus on power laws, but the contributors to this volume are convinced power laws often mask the interesting dynamics of systems and that those dynamics are best revealed by investigating deviations from assumed power law distributions. In 2008, a grand conference on resilience was held in Stockholm, hosting 600 participants from around the world. There are now three big centers established with resilience, the most recent one being the Stockholm Resilience Center, with others in Australia (an international coral reef center), Arizona State University's new sustainability center focusing on anthropology, and Canada's emerging social sciences and resilience center. Activity continues to flourish in Alaska, South Africa, and the Untied Kingdom, and a new center is forming in Uruguay.
The Science Of Open Spaces
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Author : Charles G. Curtin
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2015-07-23
The Science Of Open Spaces written by Charles G. Curtin and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-23 with Architecture categories.
Since the days of the American Frontier, our management policies have promoted a one-size-fits-all mentality for large, complex landscapes. Landscape ecologist Charles Curtin argues that instead we need a science-based approach that accounts for the dynamic nature of complex systems and gives local stakeholders a say in their futures. The Science of Open Spaces proposes that we return to "first principles"--fundamental physical laws of the universe--and think about complex systems from the ground up based on modern scientific theory backed up by practical experience. Curtin walks us through foundational concepts of thermodynamics, ecology, sociology, and resilience theory, applying them to real-world examples from years he has spent designing large-scale, place-based collaborative research programs in the United States and around the world.
The Mortal Sea
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Author : W. Jeffrey Bolster
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2012-10-08
The Mortal Sea written by W. Jeffrey Bolster and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-08 with History categories.
Since the Viking ascendancy in the Middle Ages, the Atlantic has shaped the lives of people who depend upon it for survival. And just as surely, people have shaped the Atlantic. In his innovative account of this interdependency, W. Jeffrey Bolster, a historian and professional seafarer, takes us through a millennium-long environmental history of our impact on one of the largest ecosystems in the world. While overfishing is often thought of as a contemporary problem, Bolster reveals that humans were transforming the sea long before factory trawlers turned fishing from a handliner's art into an industrial enterprise. The western Atlantic's legendary fishing banks, stretching from Cape Cod to Newfoundland, have attracted fishermen for more than five hundred years. Bolster follows the effects of this siren's song from its medieval European origins to the advent of industrialized fishing in American waters at the beginning of the twentieth century. Blending marine biology, ecological insight, and a remarkable cast of characters, from notable explorers to scientists to an army of unknown fishermen, Bolster tells a story that is both ecological and human: the prelude to an environmental disaster. Over generations, harvesters created a quiet catastrophe as the sea could no longer renew itself. Bolster writes in the hope that the intimate relationship humans have long had with the ocean, and the species that live within it, can be restored for future generations.
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management
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Author : Jason S. Link
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-01-25
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management written by Jason S. Link and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-25 with Nature categories.
By examining a suite of over 90 indicators for 9 major US fishery ecosystem jurisdictions, the authors systematically track the progress the country has made towards advancing EBFM and making it an operational reality, lessons which are applicable to oceans globally.
Oceanography And Marine Biology
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Author : R. N. Gibson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2005-06-24
Oceanography And Marine Biology written by R. N. Gibson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-24 with Science categories.
Written by experts actively engaged in the field, . Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review explores the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of marine science. An essential reference for researchers and students in all fields of marine science, the text contains analyses on cold sleep sediments, unburnt coal in the marine environment, biofiltration and biofouling on artificial structures in Europe, ecology of rafting in marine ecosystems, effects of globalisation in marine environments, and much more. Its consistent presentation and timely topics make it a perennial favorite among researchers and students in all fields of marine science.
Shifting Baselines
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Author : Jeremy B.C. Jackson
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2012-06-22
Shifting Baselines written by Jeremy B.C. Jackson and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-22 with Nature categories.
Shifting Baselines explores the real-world implications of a groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term "shifting baselines" to describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal. This seminal volume expands on Pauly's work, showing how skewed visions of the past have led to disastrous marine policies and why historical perspective is critical to revitalize fisheries and ecosystems. Edited by marine ecologists Jeremy Jackson and Enric Sala, and historian Karen Alexander, the book brings together knowledge from disparate disciplines to paint a more realistic picture of past fisheries. The authors use case studies on the cod fishery and the connection between sardine and anchovy populations, among others, to explain various methods for studying historic trends and the intricate relationships between species. Subsequent chapters offer recommendations about both specific research methods and effective management. This practical information is framed by inspiring essays by Carl Safina and Randy Olson on a personal experience of shifting baselines and the importance of human stories in describing this phenomenon to a broad public. While each contributor brings a different expertise to bear, all agree on the importance of historical perspective for effective fisheries management. Readers, from students to professionals, will benefit enormously from this informed hindsight.