High Energy Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cattle
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High Energy Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cattle
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
High Energy Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cattle written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Corn categories.
High Energy Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cattle
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Author : Randall Richard Uschold
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
High Energy Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Randall Richard Uschold and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Dairy cattle categories.
Corn Silage Contributions To Energy Supply And Milk Fat Synthesis Of Dairy Cows
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Author : Celso Heinzen Junior
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
Corn Silage Contributions To Energy Supply And Milk Fat Synthesis Of Dairy Cows written by Celso Heinzen Junior and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with categories.
Adequate energy supply to lactating dairy cows is essential to maximize genetic potential of milk production and efficiency. Corn silage often accounts for more than 50% of diets and therefore, corn starch is one of the main sources of energy fed to lactating dairy cows. However, the energy supply found in form of starch is dependent on its availability to the animal. Several strategies exist to improve starch digestibility in corn silages, including hybrid selection, kernel processing and prolonged storage. However, different ways to assess starch digestibility are used in the dairy industry and research, while ruminal disappearance is the most common procedure, it differs among laboratories, and much is unknown about how the analytical results of starch digestibility assays relates to in vivo digestibility and energy supply. Moreover, high inclusion of corn, in general, in dairy cattle diets are often related to milk fat depression, due to a highly fermentable carbohydrate source and unsaturated fatty acids profile that corn provides. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate a novel technology of corn silage hybrids effects on silage fermentation and starch digestibility, to better understand the sources of variation on starch digestibility assays to improve sample comparison, and to assess the risks of feeding starch and fatty acids from corn silage in milk fat depression.Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a genetically-modified corn hybrid with alpha-amylase expressed in the kernel (AMY) on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, nutrient composition, and starch disappearance of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and earlage. Both hybrids, AMY and its isogenic counterpart (ISO), were grown in 10 replicated plots (5 for WPCS and 5 for earlage). Samples of each plot were collected at harvest, homogenized, and divided into 5 subsamples which were randomly assigned to 5 storage lengths (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 d). Minor differences on fermentation profile were observed between AMY and ISO for WPCS and earlage. Starch concentration was greater for AMY than ISO in WPCS and earlage and greater starch disappearances at 0 h and 6 h were observed for ISO in WPCS and earlage. Minor effects on fermentation profile, microbial counts, aerobic stability, and nutrient composition suggests that AMY can be ensiled for prolonged periods with no concerns for undesirable fermentation or nutrient losses. However, in situ starch disappearance was lower for AMY compared to ISO. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate variation across time-points, sample grinding size procedures and bag pore sizes used in ruminal starch digestibility assays. Experiment 1: samples of different starch sources submitted three times to multiple laboratories to evaluate variability of starch digestibility assays and the use of different incubation time-points on feedstuff ranking. Greater variation was observed for shorter incubation time-points, while different submission of samples did not influence starch digestibility for corn forage and corn grain samples. Moreover, different incubation time-points can change the ranking of samples. Experiment 2: samples of different starch sources were used to investigate how different grinding sizes and incubation time-point procedures affect starch digestibility assays variation and ranking of samples. Longer incubation time-points and finely ground samples reduced variation of in vitro starch digestibility assays; however, smaller grinding size increased starch digestibility in all starch sources and affected sample ranking. Experiment 3: samples from different starch sources were incubated in situ at 0 h to investigate the loss of particles and their influence on ruminal kinetics. Our results suggest that secondary loss of particles on ruminal incubations at 0 h might be a problem that limits the relationship between bag disappearance and degradation in forage and corn grain samples. Experiment 4: dry ground corn and pure starch samples were washed in water at different temperatures and using different filter types (Dacron polyester in situ bags, Ankom Technology; DPB, F57 bags, Ankom Technology; F57 or filter papers Whatman G3; WG3) to understand their effects on DM recovery. Samples incubated in room temperature water had greater DM recovery when compared to samples incubated in water at 39℗ð C. Pure starch had greater DM recovery in F57 and WG3 when compared to DPB, however, dry ground corn samples DM recovery was similar across all filter types. Experiment 5: dry ground corn and pure starch samples were incubated in rumen fluid at 0 h, using different filter bags (F57 and DPB) to investigate the effect of sample type and filter bags on DM and starch recovery. F57 bags were able to retain 100% of the starch incubated in pure starch, however, no difference between bags were found for dry ground corn samples for DM or starch recovery. These experiments highlighted the importance of the consideration of specific procedures in starch digestibility assays when ranking samples or generating information for ration formulation. The objective of the last study was to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids and starch on milk fat secretion, the fatty acid profile changes in whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and high-moisture corn (HMC) with different silage management practices as well as the contributions of these nutrients derived from WPCS and HMC to milk fat secretion. Twenty-three published studies that evaluated lipids supplementation to dairy cows were included in the dataset and meta-regressions analysis were conducted to model the effects of: 1) dietary fatty acids, starch and forage concentrations (expressed as % of DM) on milk fatty acids concentration (expressed as g/100g); 2) dietary fatty acids, starch and forage concentrations (expressed as % of DM) on milk fatty acids yield (expressed as g/d); 3) intake of fatty acids (expressed as g/d), starch, and forage (expressed as kg/d) on milk fatty acids concentration (expressed as g/100g); and 4) intake of fatty acids (expressed as g/d), starch and forage (expressed as kg/d) on milk fatty acids yield (expressed as g/d). While predictions of milk fatty acids concentrations are useful, models that predict milk fatty acids yield had greater performance. In general, starch concentration and starch intake had a positive effect on de novo and total milk fatty acids yield, while unsaturated fatty acids had a negative effect. Samples of WPCS and HMC from previous studies from our laboratory were analyzed for fatty acids profile to evaluate the effects of cutting height and storage length on fatty acids profile of WPCS and the effects of DM concentration and storage length on fatty acids profile of HMC. Increasing cutting height increased unsaturated fatty acids in WPCS, however, storage length and DM concentration effects did not follow a clear pattern of changes in fatty acids profile of WPCS and HMC. Simulations using the generated models were conducted to visualize the contributions of different inclusions of WPCS and HMC in the diet as well as different WPCS and HMC management practices to milk fat secretion. Our results suggest that energy contributions from starch and saturated fatty acids are important in milk fat synthesis predictions, while supporting the general role of unsaturated fatty acids on milk fat depression described in the literature. Management practices like cutting height, dry matter concentration and storage length affect fatty acids profile of WPCS and HMC and it may affect rumen bacteria metabolism and milk fat secretion.
Sources Of Variation In Corn Silage Quality And Feeding Value For Lactating Dairy Cows
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Author : Carla Sjostrom Kuehn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Sources Of Variation In Corn Silage Quality And Feeding Value For Lactating Dairy Cows written by Carla Sjostrom Kuehn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Alfalfa Silage
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Author : Ollie Ezekiel Reed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1917
Alfalfa Silage written by Ollie Ezekiel Reed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1917 with Alfalfa silage categories.
Corn Silage For The Dairy Ration
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Author : James W. Crowley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Corn Silage For The Dairy Ration written by James W. Crowley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Corn categories.
Utilization Of Corn Silage By Lactating Dairy Cows
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Author : Mehmet Ali Bal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Utilization Of Corn Silage By Lactating Dairy Cows written by Mehmet Ali Bal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Evaluation Of An Amylase Enabled Corn Silage In Lactating Cows
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Author : Sergio Cueva Welchez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Evaluation Of An Amylase Enabled Corn Silage In Lactating Cows written by Sergio Cueva Welchez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of an amylase-enabled corn silage on the lactation performance, enteric gas emission and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. The amylase-enabled corn hybrid (Enogen; Syngenta Seeds LLC) was harvested, ensiled, and included in the diet at 40% of dry matter (DM) of the cows. The Enogen corn silage (ECS) was compared with silage from a control (CON) isogenic corn hybrid without the amylase trait. Both silages were included at the same inclusion rate of dietary DM and the diet fed, with exception of the silage source, was identical between the treatments. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of ECS on lactational performance, enteric gas emission, and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Both corn hybrids were grown for approximately 130 d, and silages were fermented for approximately 220 d before the beginning of the animal experiment in April 2019. At harvest, the CON hybrid yielded approximated 1.1 t of DM/ha more than the ECS hybrid. Crude protein concentration was 6% lesser in ECS when compared with the CON hybrid. Acid detergent fiber was also 3.9% lesser for ECS. Furthermore, the ECS was greater in starch content, when compared with the CON (9.3%, on average). As expected, the amylase activity in ECS was 13-fold greater when compared with the CON silage. Nevertheless, the differences mentioned in the nutritional content of the silages, did not result in major differences in fermentation end-products between the silages. Inclusion of ECS at 40% dietary DM did not affect DMI but increased MY (40.8 vs 38.8 kg/d), improved feed efficiency (1.55 vs. 1.47 kg/kg) and tended to improve energy-corrected milk yield (ECM) feed efficiency in lactating cows (1.50 vs. 1.45 kg/kg). Milk lactose was greater (4.92 vs 4.86 %) for cows fed the ECS diet, relative to CON, but milk protein and fat contents were similar. Methane emission intensity (per unit of milk yield) was decreased by the ECS diet compared with CON; however, treatment did not affect CH4 emission intensity expressed per kilogram of ECM. Rumen fermentation, apart from a decreased molar proportion of butyrate in rumen fluid of ECS-fed cows, was not affected by treatment. Amylase activity was numerically, but not statistically, greater in rumen fluid of ECS-fed cows, however, the difference could be related both to a greater amylase activity in ECS (as previously described) and greater starch intake with the ECS diet, when compared with CON. As suspected, intake of starch was greater in cows fed the ECS diet relative to CON, and apparent total-tract DM digestibility also tended to be greater in cows fed the ECS. There were no differences in intakes in any of the other nutrients or their apparent total-tract digestibility. Nitrogen intake and utilization, as well as urinary purine derivative excretion, were not affected by the silage treatment. Effects induced by ECS were likely a result of the greater starch content in ECS and greater overall availability of digestible nutrients. Moreover, given that ECS decreased CH4 emission intensity (per unit of MY, but not of ECM), data would suggest that the carbon footprint of milk production could be reduced by inclusion of ECS, Inclusion of an amylase-enabled hybrid in dairy rations showed promising effects by improving feed efficiency and ECM feed efficiency in dairy cows. However, the amylase-enabled corn silage used in the current experiment tended to have a greater overall availability of digestible nutrients and was greater in starch content, when compared with its isogenic counterpart. In this regard, effects observed on cow performance can be attributed, at least partially, to differences in silage nutritional composition. Research investigating the effects of feeding amylase-enabled corn silages to dairy cows is limited. This makes it challenging to concretely determine the mode and extent of action of the amylase enzyme in the current study. Thus, future research on amylase-enabled hybrids should be focused on determining modes and stages of action of the enzyme, potential nutritional and environmental benefits in dairy cows, and possible interactions with other additives or dietary ingredients. The amylase-enabled technology seems to be promising, however, questions remain that must be answered to fully understand the benefits of the inclusion of amylase-enabled corn in dairy cow diets.
Effects Of Corn Silage Hybrids And Dietary Nonforage Fiber Sources On Productive Performance In Early Lactating Dairy Cows Fed High Forage Diets
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Author : Michael Shane Holt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effects Of Corn Silage Hybrids And Dietary Nonforage Fiber Sources On Productive Performance In Early Lactating Dairy Cows Fed High Forage Diets written by Michael Shane Holt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of corn silage hybrids and nonforage fiber sources (NFFS) in high forage diets formulated with high dietary proportion of alfalfa hay (AH) and corn silage (CS) on ruminal fermentation and productive performance by early lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (4 ruminally fistulated) averaging 36 " 6.2 d in milk were used in a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows were fed 1 of 4 dietary treatments during each of the four 21-d periods. Treatments were: 1) conventional corn silage (CCS)-based diet without NFFS, 2) CCS-based diet with NFFS, 3) brown midrib corn silage (BMRCS)-based diet without NFFS, and 4) BMRCS-based diet with NFFS. Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Sources of NFFS consisted of ground soyhulls and pelleted beet pulp to replace a portion of AH and CS in the diets. In vitro 30-h NDF degradability was greater for BRMCS than CCS (42.3 vs. 31.2%). Neither CS hybrids nor NFFS affected intake of DM and nutrients. Digestibility of N, NDF, and ADF tended to be greater for cows consuming CCS-based diets. Milk yield was not influenced by CS hybrids and NFFS. However, a tendency for an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS occurred with increasing milk yield due to feeding NFFS with the BMRCS-based diets. Yields of milk fat and 3.5% FCM decreased when feeding the BMRCS-based diet, and there was a tendency for an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS by further decreased milk fat concentration because of feeding NFFS with BMRCS-based diet. Although feed efficiency (milk/DM intake) was not affected by corn silage hybrids and NFFS, there was an interaction between CS hybrids and NFFS because feed efficiency increased when NFFS was fed only with BMRCS-based diet. Total VFA production and individual molar proportion were not affected by diets. Dietary treatments did not influence ruminal pH profiles except that duration (h/d) of pH
Corn Silage For Wisconsin Cattle
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Author : Neil A. Jorgensen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Corn Silage For Wisconsin Cattle written by Neil A. Jorgensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Corn categories.