High Temperature Fusion Reactor Cooling Using Brayton Cycle Based Partial Energy Conversion
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High Temperature Fusion Reactor Cooling Using Brayton Cycle Based Partial Energy Conversion
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-06-20
High Temperature Fusion Reactor Cooling Using Brayton Cycle Based Partial Energy Conversion written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-20 with categories.
For some future space power systems using high temperature nuclear heat sources most of the output energy will be used in other than electrical form, and only a fraction of the total thermal energy generated will need to be converted to electrical work. The paper describes the conceptual design of such a partial energy conversion system, consisting of a high temperature fusion reactor operating in series with a high temperature radiator and in parallel with dual closed cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power systems, also referred to as closed Brayton cycle (CBC) systems, which are supplied with a fraction of the reactor thermal energy for conversion to electric power. Most of the fusion reactor's output is in the form of charged plasma which is expanded through a magnetic nozzle of the interplanetary propulsion system. Reactor heat energy is ducted to the high temperature series radiator utilizing the electric power generated to drive a helium gas circulation fan. In addition to discussing the thermodynamic aspects of the system design the authors include a brief overview of the gas turbine and fan rotor-dynamics and proposed bearing support technology along with performance characteristics of the three phase AC electric power generator and fan drive motor. Juhasz, Albert J. and Sawicki, Jerzy T. Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2003-212721, E-14238
Concept Design For A High Temperature Helium Brayton Cycle With Interstage Heating And Cooling
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Concept Design For A High Temperature Helium Brayton Cycle With Interstage Heating And Cooling written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The primary metric for the viability of these next generation nuclear power plants will be the cost of generated electricity. One important component in achieving these objectives is the development of power conversion technologies that maximize the electrical power output of these advanced reactors for a given thermal power. More efficient power conversion systems can directly reduce the cost of nuclear generated electricity and therefore advanced power conversion cycle research is an important area of investigation for the Generation IV Program. Brayton cycles using inert or other gas working fluids, have the potential to take advantage of the higher outlet temperature range of Generation IV systems and allow substantial increases in nuclear power conversion efficiency, and potentially reductions in power conversion system capital costs compared to the steam Rankine cycle used in current light water reactors. For the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), Helium Brayton cycles which can operate in the 900 to 950 C range have been the focus of power conversion research. Previous Generation IV studies examined several options for He Brayton cycles that could increase efficiency with acceptable capital cost implications. At these high outlet temperatures, Interstage Heating and Cooling (IHC) was shown to provide significant efficiency improvement (a few to 12%) but required increased system complexity and therefore had potential for increased costs. These scoping studies identified the potential for increased efficiency, but a more detailed analysis of the turbomachinery and heat exchanger sizes and costs was needed to determine whether this approach could be cost effective. The purpose of this study is to examine the turbomachinery and heat exchanger implications of interstage heating and cooling configurations. In general, this analysis illustrates that these engineering considerations introduce new constraints to the design of IHC systems that may require different power conversion configurations to take advantage of the possible efficiency improvement. Very high efficiency gains can be achieved with the IHC approach, but this can require large low pressure turbomachinery or heat exchanger components, whose cost may mitigate the efficiency gain. One stage of interstage cooling is almost always cost effective, but careful optimization of system characteristics is needed for more complex configurations. This report summarizes the primary factors that must be considered in evaluating this approach to more efficient cycles, and the results of the engineering analysis performed to explore these options for Generation IV high temperature reactors.
Parametric Investigation Of Brayton Cycle For High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor
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Author : Chang Oh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Parametric Investigation Of Brayton Cycle For High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor written by Chang Oh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The Idaho National Engineering and EnvironmentalLaboratory (INEEL) is investigating a Brayton cycle efficiencyimprovement on a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR)as part of Generation-IV nuclear engineering research initiative. In this project, we are investigating helium Brayton cyclesfor the secondary side of an indirect energy conversion system. Ultimately we will investigate the improvement of the Braytoncycle using other fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide. Prior to the cycle improvement study, we established a numberof baseline cases for the helium indirect Brayton cycle. Thesecases look at both single-shaft and multiple-shaftturbomachinary. The baseline cases are based on a 250 MWthermal pebble bed HTGR. The results from this study areapplicable to other reactor concepts such as a very hightemperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR), fast gas-cooled reactor(FGR), supercritical water reactor (SWR), and others. In this study, we are using the HYSYS computer code foroptimization of the helium Brayton cycle. Besides the HYSYSprocess optimization, we performed parametric study to see theeffect of important parameters on the cycle efficiency. Forthese parametric calculations, we use a cycle efficiency modelthat was developed based on the Visual Basic computerlanguage. As a part of this study we are currently investigatedsingle-shaft vs. multiple shaft arrangement for cycle efficiencyand comparison, which will be published in the next paper. The ultimate goal of this study is to use supercriticalcarbon dioxide for the HTGR power conversion loop in orderto improve the cycle efficiency to values great than that of thehelium Brayton cycle. This paper includes preliminary calculations of the steadystate overall Brayton cycle efficiency based on the pebble bedreactor reference design (helium used as the working fluid) andcompares those results with an initial calculation of a CO2Brayton cycle.
Space Technology And Applications International Forum Staif 2004
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Author : American Institute of Physics
language : en
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Release Date : 2004-02-18
Space Technology And Applications International Forum Staif 2004 written by American Institute of Physics and has been published by American Institute of Physics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-18 with Science categories.
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 8-11 February 2004
Organic Rankine Cycle For Energy Recovery System
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Author : Andrea De Pascale
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-06-18
Organic Rankine Cycle For Energy Recovery System written by Andrea De Pascale and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The rising trend in the global energy demand poses new challenges to humankind. The energy and mechanical engineering sectors are called to develop new and more environmentally friendly solutions to harvest residual energy from primary production processes. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an emerging energy system for power production and waste heat recovery. In the near future, this technology can play an increasing role within the energy generation sectors and can help achieve the carbon footprint reduction targets of many industrial processes and human activities. This Special Issue focuses on selected research and application cases of ORC-based waste heat recovery solutions. Topics included in this publication cover the following aspects: performance modeling and optimization of ORC systems based on pure and zeotropic mixture working fluids; applications of waste heat recovery via ORC to gas turbines and reciprocating engines; optimal sizing and operation of ORC under combined heat and power and district heating application; the potential of ORC on board ships and related issues; life cycle analysis for biomass application; ORC integration with supercritical CO2 cycle; and the proper design of the main ORC components, including fluid dynamics issues. The current state of the art is considered and some cutting-edge ORC technology research activities are examined in this book.
Byudviklingsplan For Frederikssund Egnen
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Byudviklingsplan For Frederikssund Egnen written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Handbook Of Generation Iv Nuclear Reactors
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Author : Igor Pioro
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2022-12-07
Handbook Of Generation Iv Nuclear Reactors written by Igor Pioro and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Handbook of Generation IV Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully revised and updated comprehensive resource on the latest research and advances in generation IV nuclear reactor concepts. Editor Igor Pioro and his team of expert contributors have updated every chapter to reflect advances in the field since the first edition published in 2016. The book teaches the reader about available technologies, future prospects and the feasibility of each concept presented, equipping them users with a strong skillset which they can apply to their own work and research. Provides a fully updated, revised and comprehensive handbook dedicated entirely to generation IV nuclear reactors Includes new trends and developments since the first publication, as well as brand new case studies and appendices Covers the latest research, developments and design information surrounding generation IV nuclear reactors
Fundamentals And Applications Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Sco2 Based Power Cycles
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Author : Klaus Brun
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2017-01-09
Fundamentals And Applications Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Sco2 Based Power Cycles written by Klaus Brun and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCO2) Based Power Cycles aims to provide engineers and researchers with an authoritative overview of research and technology in this area. Part One introduces the technology and reviews the properties of SCO2 relevant to power cycles. Other sections of the book address components for SCO2 power cycles, such as turbomachinery expanders, compressors, recuperators, and design challenges, such as the need for high-temperature materials. Chapters on key applications, including waste heat, nuclear power, fossil energy, geothermal and concentrated solar power are also included. The final section addresses major international research programs. Readers will learn about the attractive features of SC02 power cycles, which include a lower capital cost potential than the traditional cycle, and the compounding performance benefits from a more efficient thermodynamic cycle on balance of plant requirements, fuel use, and emissions. Represents the first book to focus exclusively on SC02 power cycles Contains detailed coverage of cycle fundamentals, key components, and design challenges Addresses the wide range of applications of SC02 power cycles, from more efficient electricity generation, to ship propulsion
Closed Brayton Cycle Power Conversion Systems For Nuclear Reactors
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Closed Brayton Cycle Power Conversion Systems For Nuclear Reactors written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
This report describes the results of a Sandia National Laboratories internally funded research program to study the coupling of nuclear reactors to gas dynamic Brayton power conversion systems. The research focused on developing integrated dynamic system models, fabricating a 10-30 kWe closed loop Brayton cycle, and validating these models by operating the Brayton test-loop. The work tasks were performed in three major areas. First, the system equations and dynamic models for reactors and Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) systems were developed and implemented in SIMULINKTM. Within this effort, both steady state and dynamic system models for all the components (turbines, compressors, reactors, ducting, alternators, heat exchangers, and space based radiators) were developed and assembled into complete systems for gas cooled reactors, liquid metal reactors, and electrically heated simulators. Various control modules that use proportional-integral-differential (PID) feedback loops for the reactor and the power-conversion shaft speed were also developed and implemented. The simulation code is called RPCSIM (Reactor Power and Control Simulator). In the second task an open cycle commercially available Capstone C30 micro-turbine power generator was modified to provide a small inexpensive closed Brayton cycle test loop called the Sandia Brayton test-Loop (SBL-30). The Capstone gas-turbine unit housing was modified to permit the attachment of an electrical heater and a water cooled chiller to form a closed loop. The Capstone turbine, compressor, and alternator were used without modification. The Capstone system's nominal operating point is 1150 K turbine inlet temperature at 96,000 rpm. The annular recuperator and portions of the Capstone control system (inverter) and starter system also were reused. The rotational speed of the turbo-machinery is controlled by adjusting the alternator load by using the electrical grid as the load bank. The SBL-30 test loop was operated at the manufacturers site (Barber-Nichols Inc.) and installed and operated at Sandia. A sufficiently detailed description of the loop is provided in this report along with the design characteristics of the turbo-alternator-compressor set to allow other researchers to compare their results with those measured in the Sandia test-loop. The third task consisted of a validation effort. In this task the test loop was operated and compared with the modeled results to develop a more complete understanding of this electrically heated closed power generation system and to validate the model. The measured and predicted system temperatures and pressures are in good agreement, indicating that the model is a reasonable representation of the test loop. Typical deviations between the model and the hardware results are less than 10%. Additional tests were performed to assess the capability of the Brayton engine to continue to remove decay heat after the reactor/heater is shutdown, to develop safe and effective control strategies, and to access the effectiveness of gas inventory control as an alternative means to provide load following. In one test the heater power was turned off to simulate a rapid reactor shutdown, and the turbomachinery was driven solely by the sensible heat stored in the heater for over 71 minutes without external power input. This is an important safety feature for CBC systems as it means that the closed Brayton loop will keep cooling the reactor without the need for auxiliary power (other than that needed to circulate the waste heat rejection coolant) provided the heat sink is available.
Advances In Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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Author : Luisa F. Cabeza
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-10-31
Advances In Thermal Energy Storage Systems written by Luisa F. Cabeza and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies store thermal energy (both heat and cold) for later use as required, rather than at the time of production. They are therefore important counterparts to various intermittent renewable energy generation methods and also provide a way of valorising waste process heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. This book provides an authoritative overview of this key area. Part one reviews sensible heat storage technologies. Part two covers latent and thermochemical heat storage respectively. The final section addresses applications in heating and energy systems. Reviews sensible heat storage technologies, including the use of water, molten salts, concrete and boreholes Describes latent heat storage systems and thermochemical heat storage Includes information on the monitoring and control of thermal energy storage systems, and considers their applications in residential buildings, power plants and industry