Historic Mortars
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Historic Mortars
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Author : John J. Hughes
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-06
Historic Mortars written by John J. Hughes and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents a state of the art in mortar characterisation, experimentation with and applications of new mortars for conservation and repair of historic buildings. This volume includes the following topics: characterisation of historic mortars (methods, interpretation, application of results), development of new materials for conservation (compatibility, durability, mix designs), the history of mortar technology and fundamental experimental studies of material properties. The papers have been selected from those presented at the 3rd Historic Mortars Conference, held in Glasgow, Scotland, September 11-14th 2013. All the papers here underwent a two stage peer review process, for the conference and again for this volume. In some cases this has resulted in a revision and updating of content.
Historic Mortars
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Author : Jan Válek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-23
Historic Mortars written by Jan Válek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-23 with Social Science categories.
This volume focuses on research and practical issues connected with mortars on historic structures. The book is divided into four sections: Characterisation of Historic Mortars, Repair Mortars and Design Issues, Experimental Research into Properties of Repair Mortars, and Assessment and Testing. The papers present the latest work of researchers in their field. The individual contributions were selected from the contributions to the 2nd Historic Mortars Conference, which took place in Prague, September, 22-24, 2010. All papers were reviewed and improved as necessary before publication. This peer review process by the editors resulted in the 34 individual contributions included in here. One extra paper reviewing and summarising State-of-the-Art knowledge covered by this publication was added as a starting and navigational point for the reader. The editors believe that having these papers in print is important and they hope that it will stimulate further research into historic mortars and related subjects.
Pro 12 International Rilem Workshop On Historic Mortars Characteristics And Tests
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Author : Peter Bartos
language : en
Publisher: RILEM Publications
Release Date : 2000
Pro 12 International Rilem Workshop On Historic Mortars Characteristics And Tests written by Peter Bartos and has been published by RILEM Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Concrete categories.
Conservation And Restoration Of Historic Mortars And Masonry Structures
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Author : Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-06-07
Conservation And Restoration Of Historic Mortars And Masonry Structures written by Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of historic mortars and masonry structures conservation and restoration, as presented by international researchers and professionals at the 6th Historic Mortars Conference (HMC), held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on September 21–23, 2022. It covers topics such as characterization of historic mortars and masonry structures—sampling and test methods; historic production, processing and application of mortars, renders and grouts; assessment of historic renders and plasters; conservation and preventing conservation case studies; repair mortars and grouts—requirements and design, compatibility issues, durability and effectiveness and adequacy of testing procedures. Special attention is given to historic mortars where one of the binders or the only binder is Portland cement and to the structures in which these materials are used. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share new knowledge and exciting ideas that will help protect heritage buildings more efficiently and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations in this area. Chapter Performance Evaluation of Patch Repairs on Historic Concrete Structures (PEPS): An Overview of the Assessment Methodology is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Practical Building Conservation
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Author : Alison Henry
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2012
Practical Building Conservation written by Alison Henry and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Mortars, Renders and Plasters provides a broad perspective of contemporaryconservation theory and practice not otherwise found in one publication, describing the history,physical properties, and deterioration of these important materials. Methods of assessing condition and evaluating options for treatment and repair are discussed, together with a range of practical conservation techniques and maintenance strategies.
Report 28 Characterisation Of Old Mortars With Respect To Their Repair State Of The Art Report Of Rilem Technical Committee 167 Com
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Author : C. Groot
language : en
Publisher: RILEM Publications
Release Date : 2007
Report 28 Characterisation Of Old Mortars With Respect To Their Repair State Of The Art Report Of Rilem Technical Committee 167 Com written by C. Groot and has been published by RILEM Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Mortar categories.
Repointing Mortar Joints In Historic Masonry Buildings
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Author : Robert C. Mack
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Repointing Mortar Joints In Historic Masonry Buildings written by Robert C. Mack and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Bricklaying categories.
Salt Deterioration Of Historic Mortars In Tropical Climate Analysis And Characterisation
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Author : Isabela Wilfred Mtani
language : en
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Release Date : 2016-01-01
Salt Deterioration Of Historic Mortars In Tropical Climate Analysis And Characterisation written by Isabela Wilfred Mtani and has been published by kassel university press GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-01 with Buildings categories.
The contribution of this study to the general body of knowledge is in providing an understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of soluble salt mixtures in historic buildings located in the tropical marine zone of Tanzania. This tropical zone is found in the eastern part of the country along the Indian Ocean coast. This research is geared towards informing the general public, most of whom believe that salt crystallisation is the main cause of historic buildings deteriorating. This belief emanates from the understanding that historic buildings in a marine environment are highly susceptible to salt crystallisation, more so because they tend to receive daily oceanic spray which contains salt. The problem is aggravated by the encroachment of the ocean on these buildings. Salt crystallisation on these structures is further complicated by air pollution owing to rapid urbanisation in these areas. It is worth noting that salt crystallisation is an extremely complex process and its effect depend on many variables including climate. Ten historic buildings involved in this study are located in three different areas of the country. Eight historic buildings are located in the tropical climate 1 - 200 m from the Indian Ocean, and two historic buildings are located in inland Tanzania 190 km and 589 km from the ocean. These two historic buildings experience a modified tropical climate and semi-arid climate. The criteria for selecting the buildings considered variations and the extent of salt deterioration in different parts of the country.
The main goal of the study was to embark on a detailed analysis of the salt deterioration on Tanzanian historic buildings which has not hitherto been fully investigated and to provide a sustainable solution to the problem through climate control. This solution is needed, since there is no approved conservation programme and as a result of existing government budgetary constraints, very little conservation research has been done on any site or monuments except those registered under UNESCO. The research results of this project contributes to solving the existing monument research gap, thereby stimulating the initiation of a sustainable restoration programme, together with the provision of the much needed government research tools. This research provides information on the type of construction and building materials used during the construction of these buildings. Such information is vital in salt analysis and in futurerestoration, conservation and consolidation of these buildings, which provides a substantial income to the country through the tourist industry. There are also other factors like the preservation of the history and culture of the country and job creation.
The abundance of chloride (Cl-) ions of magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potasium (K+) in these buildings as identified by this study explains the survival of the historic buildings in the tropical marine areas of Tanzania. These ions can lead to the formation of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and antarcticite (CaCl2•6H2O), depending on their presence and quantity in the walls of historic buildings. The results of ECOS/RUNSALT program indicate that salt is not the major problem because the major ions hitherto detected form salts like halite and sylvite, are mostly in liquid form. Under a high evaporation rate these salts easily migrate to the surface of the building’s walls whereby a supersaturated solution is formed leading to surface crystallisation. The surface crystallisation is evident in salt profile analysis by photospectrometry, whereby the quantity of soluble salt ions decreases with depth. The detachment of protective rendering, the peeling off of paint and efflorescence in the investigated historic buildings in tropical marine areas of Tanzania is evidence of surface crystallisation. Mirabilite (Na2SO4•10H2O), gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) can crystallize in tropical areas. The SO42- and NO3- ions detected in these buildings are so scanty as not to cause ionic interactions needed for the formation of destructive sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) except in the Cooperation Building where SO42- is as high as 1.8 % w/w. However, this is not a trivial problem and should not be ignored, especially because of the destructive nature of Na2SO4 and the increase in air pollution.
Laboratory simulation of the three environmental conditions using two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, provided similar results on the exposure of lime mortar samples in 50% Relative Humidity (RH) and 20oC; 75% RH and 28oC and 85% RH and 28oC. Samples exposed to 85% RH and 28oC in a controlled environment showed enormous deterioration due to crystallisation of Na2SO4.
Subsequently, NaCl is the major salt and is always in the solution. Reducing this salt is necessary to avoid associated damage like the formation of microorganisms. Thehygroscopic nature of NaCl retards the drying of materials, hence keeping the walls moist all the time, creating a conducive environment for biocolonisation. Routine desalination is necessary to keep the wall dry. In future, Na2SO4 and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) will be a problem. Therefore, the RH within a building located in a tropical marine environment should be protected from frequent RH variations to prevent the damage associated with sulphate salts, that is only if the current trend of air pollution (i.e. an increase of 6% (WHO, 2014)) is mantained or increased.
Mortars In Historic Buildings
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Author : John J. Hughes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Mortars In Historic Buildings written by John J. Hughes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Historic buildings categories.
Conservation Of Historic Brick Structures
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Author : Norbert Baer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-11-17
Conservation Of Historic Brick Structures written by Norbert Baer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-17 with Architecture categories.
Despite the widespread use of brick construction throughout the world, there has been no major investigation into its deterioration and durability. This book provides the results of a major international study led by West Germany which examines the causes of decay in addition to the treatment and methods of conserving brickwork and historic mortars. The deterioration mechanisms discussed cover bio deterioration, salt damage and the effects of air pollutants and moisture on masonry. Considerable attention is also devoted to historic mortars and renders, their analysis, behaviour under the stress of air pollution and the development of compatible modern formulations. Conservation methods for brick masonry, including de-salination, protective coatings and injection grouting are examined in detail. A useful and extensive range of case study material is also provided. This volume represents the most comprehensive, state of the art overview of the conservation of historic brick masonry, and will be an invaluable source of reference for all conservation practitioners and researchers working in this field.