Historical Encoding
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Historical Encoding
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Author : Sabine Lorca
language : en
Publisher: Publifye AS
Release Date : 2025-03-29
Historical Encoding written by Sabine Lorca and has been published by Publifye AS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-29 with History categories.
Historical Encoding explores the crucial, yet often overlooked, role of secret codes and encryption methods in shaping historical events. It examines how early forms of secure communication influenced diplomacy, warfare, and military strategy, demonstrating that mastering ciphers was as vital as military strength. The book reveals intriguing insights, such as how the development of substitution and transposition ciphers allowed empires to maintain strategic advantages, and how even relatively simple encoding techniques could significantly alter the course of history. The book progresses chronologically, starting with rudimentary encoding forms in ancient civilizations and advancing through the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. The narrative then focuses on the development of polyalphabetic ciphers and mechanical encryption devices leading up to World War I. What sets this book apart is its focus on the historical impact of simple ciphers and its comprehensive examination of encoding beyond military applications, including its role in diplomacy and clandestine operations.
Natural Language Processing For Historical Texts
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Author : Michael Piotrowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Natural Language Processing For Historical Texts written by Michael Piotrowski and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Computers categories.
More and more historical texts are becoming available in digital form. Digitization of paper documents is motivated by the aim of preserving cultural heritage and making it more accessible, both to laypeople and scholars. As digital images cannot be searched for text, digitization projects increasingly strive to create digital text, which can be searched and otherwise automatically processed, in addition to facsimiles. Indeed, the emerging field of digital humanities heavily relies on the availability of digital text for its studies. Together with the increasing availability of historical texts in digital form, there is a growing interest in applying natural language processing (NLP) methods and tools to historical texts. However, the specific linguistic properties of historical texts -- the lack of standardized orthography, in particular -- pose special challenges for NLP. This book aims to give an introduction to NLP for historical texts and an overview of the state of the art in this field. The book starts with an overview of methods for the acquisition of historical texts (scanning and OCR), discusses text encoding and annotation schemes, and presents examples of corpora of historical texts in a variety of languages. The book then discusses specific methods, such as creating part-of-speech taggers for historical languages or handling spelling variation. A final chapter analyzes the relationship between NLP and the digital humanities. Certain recently emerging textual genres, such as SMS, social media, and chat messages, or newsgroup and forum postings share a number of properties with historical texts, for example, nonstandard orthography and grammar, and profuse use of abbreviations. The methods and techniques required for the effective processing of historical texts are thus also of interest for research in other domains. Table of Contents: Introduction / NLP and Digital Humanities / Spelling in Historical Texts / Acquiring Historical Texts / Text Encoding and Annotation Schemes / Handling Spelling Variation / NLP Tools for Historical Languages / Historical Corpora / Conclusion / Bibliography
Databases In Historical Research
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Author : Charles Harvey
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 1995-12-18
Databases In Historical Research written by Charles Harvey and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-18 with History categories.
This textbook builds knowledge progressively and sympathetically, from first principles to advanced topics. The authors explain how to take a project from the specification stage to completion, and offer guidance on choice of approach, techniques, hardware and software. Key ideas are presented in a readily understandable form through the use of diagrams and summary boxes, and the text is brought to life through the use of case studies. An ideal handbook for the undergraduate, postgraduate and professional historian embarking on a dissertation or historical research.
Text Encoding Initiative
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Author : Nancy Ide
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1995-10-31
Text Encoding Initiative written by Nancy Ide and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-10-31 with Computers categories.
Charles F. Goldfarb Saratoga. California If asked for a sure recipe for chaos I would propose a I am delighted that my invention, the Standard project in which several thousand impassioned special Generalized Markup Language, was able to play a ists in scores of disciplines from a dozen or more role in the TEl's magnificent accomplishment, particu countries would be given five years to produce some larly because almost all of the original applications 1300 pages of guidelines for representing the informa of SGML were in the commercial and technological tion models of their specialties in a rigorous, machine realms. It is reasonable, of course, that organiza verifiable notation. Clearly, it would be sociologically tions with massive economic investments in new and and technologically impossible for such a group even changing information should want the benefits of infor to agree on the subject matter of such guidelines, let mation asset preservation and reuse that SGML offers. alone the coding details. But just as clearly as the It is gratifying that the TEl, representing the guardians bumblebee flies despite the laws of aerodynamics, the of humanity's oldest and most truly valuable informa Text Encoding Initiative has actually succeeded in such tion, chose SGML for those same benefits. an effort. The vaunted "information superhighway" would The TEl Guidelines are extraordinary.
Historical Information Science
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Author : Lawrence J. McCrank
language : en
Publisher: Information Today, Inc.
Release Date : 2001
Historical Information Science written by Lawrence J. McCrank and has been published by Information Today, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Computers categories.
"Here is an extensive review and bibliographic essay, backed by 5,000 citations, about developments in information technology since the advent of personal computing and the convergence of the disciplines. Its focus is on the access, preservation, and analysis of historical information (primarily in electronic form), and the relationships between new methodology and instructional media, technique, and research trends in library special collections, digital libraries, electronic and data archives, and museums."--
Quantitative Historical Linguistics
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Author : Gard B. Jenset
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Quantitative Historical Linguistics written by Gard B. Jenset and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book is an innovative guide to quantitative, corpus-based research in historical and diachronic linguistics. Gard B. Jenset and Barbara McGillivray argue that, although historical linguistics has been successful in using the comparative method, the field lags behind other branches of linguistics with respect to adopting quantitative methods. Here they provide a theoretically agnostic description of a new framework for quantitatively assessing models and hypotheses in historical linguistics, based on corpus data and using case studies to illustrate how this framework can answer research questions in historical linguistics. The authors offer an in-depth explanation and discussion of the benefits of working with quantitative methods, corpus data, and corpus annotation, and the advantages of open and reproducible research. The book will be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in historical linguistics, as well as for all those working with linguistic corpora.
Folk Taxonomies In Early English
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Author : Earl R. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
Release Date : 2003
Folk Taxonomies In Early English written by Earl R. Anderson and has been published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Art categories.
A folk-taxonomy is a semantic field that represents the particular way in which a language imposes structure and order upon the myriad impressions of human experience and perception. Thus, for example, the experience of color in modem English is structured around an inventory of twelve "basic" color terms; but languages vary in the number of basic color terms used, from thirteen or fourteen terms to as few as two or three. Anthropological linguists have been interested in the comparative study of folk-taxonomies across contemporary languages, and in their studies they have sometimes proposed evolutionary models for the development and elaboration of these taxonomies. The evolutionary models have implications for historical linguistics, but there have been very few studies of the historical development of a folk-taxonomy within a language or within a language family. Folk-Taxonomies in Early English undertakes this task for English, and to some extent for the Germanic and Indo-European language families. The semantic fields studied are basic color terms, seasons of the year, geometric shapes, the five senses, the folk-psychology of mind and soul, and basic plant and animal life-forms. Anderson's emphasis is on folk-taxonomies in Old and Middle English, and also on the implications of semantic analysis for our reading of early English literary texts.
Encoding Across Frontiers
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Author : Bill Stockting
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Encoding Across Frontiers written by Bill Stockting and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Discover the history, development, and use of EAD, EAC, and EAG Encoding Across Frontiers is a careful selection of the finest presentations from the European Conference on Encoded Archival Description and Context (EAD and EAC) held in Paris, France in October 2004. International experts explore the history and practical use of EAD in Europe, the development and future of EAC, and a data format for information about archive holders, Encoded Archival Guide (EAG). Archivists will learn the latest in technology, practical applications, and international perspectives on how to transcend the printed word. Archivists have long imagined the practical benefits of using advanced technologies in their work. Encoding Across Frontiers is a detailed look at the technologies that have been transforming archival description, revealing a future that travels beyond the limits of traditional media. Respected authorities discuss ways to use technology to bring information to a wider audience through online services, standardization of data, the development and use of EAD, the issues in EAD implementation, case studies of implementation from France and the United Kingdom, the need to structure contextual information to allow access to archival material, and funding issues. Topics in Encoding Across Frontiers include: the history, use, and spread of EAD in Europe development of standards for describing archive creators and archive holdersand the tool called Encoded Archival Guide (EAG) a case study of the Bodleian Library’s conversion to EAD the status of training for archivists in the use of EAD an examination of MidosaXML in Germany as a pilot application and tool the BASYS-Fox system and the scope of EAD in the Bundesarchiv EAD’s capabilities as a tool for information created by different professional communities the sharing of descriptive standards between public archives and private collections a case study of the Metrica Regni Project in Poland four projects providing EAD users the means to control the quality of archival finding tools the Archives Départementales de la Côte-d’Or’s decision to use a simple and efficient software package to publish online archival descriptions and the library catalogue a discussion of three different online services that provide federated access to finding aids in the United Kingdom the influence of American and European practices on EAD the relationship of EAD and EAC as data formats to national and international content standards the SIASFI Project and the Online Guide to the State Archives of Florence EAC and the development of national and European gateways to archives and so much more Encoding Across Frontiers is crucial reading for every archive professional at any level, archive students in training, and any allied library and museum professional with an interest in EAD, EAC, and EAG.
The Historic Imaginary
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Author : Claudio Fogu
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2003-01-01
The Historic Imaginary written by Claudio Fogu and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with History categories.
Focusing on both ritual and mass-visual representations of history in 1920s and 1930s Italy, The Historic Imaginary unveils how Italian Fascism sought to institutionalize a modernist culture of history. The study takes a new historicist and microhistorical approach to cultural-intellectual history, integrating theoretical tools of analysis acquired from visual-cultural studies, art history, linguistics, and reception theory in a sophisticated examination of visual modes of historical representation - from commemorations to monuments to exhibitions and mass-media - spanning the entire period of the Italian-fascist regime. Claudio Fogu argues that the fascist historic imaginary was intellectually rooted in the actualist philosophy of history elaborated by Giovanni Gentile, culturally grounded in Latin-Catholic rhetorical codes, and aimed at overcoming both Marxist and liberal conceptions of the relationship between historical agency, representation, and consciousness. The book further proposes that this modernist vision of history was a core element of fascist ideology, encapsulated by the famous Mussolinian motto that "fascism makes history rather than writing it," and that its institutionalization constituted a key point of intersection between the fascist aesthetization and sacralization of politics. The author finally claims that his study of fascist historic culture opens the way to an understanding and re-evaluation of the historical relationship between the modernist critique of historical consciousness and the rise of post-modernist forms of temporality.
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology And Applications
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Author : De-Shuang Huang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-08-01
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology And Applications written by De-Shuang Huang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-01 with Computers categories.
This 13-volume set LNCS 14862-14874 constitutes - in conjunction with the 6-volume set LNAI 14875-14880 and the two-volume set LNBI 14881-14882 - the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2024, held in Tianjin, China, during August 5-8, 2024. The total of 863 regular papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 2189 submissions. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications". Papers that focused on this theme were solicited, addressing theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology.