History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume V
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History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume V
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Author : Joint Chiefs of Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-10-18
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume V written by Joint Chiefs of Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.
Established during World War II to advise the President regarding the strategic direction of the armed forces of the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) continued in existence after the war and, as military advisers and planners, have played a significant role in the development of national policy. Knowledge of JCS relations with the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense in the years since World War II is essential to an understanding of their current work. An account of their activity in peacetime and during times of crisis provides, moreover, an important series of chapters in the military history of the United States. For these reasons, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that an official history be written for the record. Its value for instructional purposes, for the orientation of officers newly assigned to the JCS organization, and as a source of information for staff studies will be readily recognized.
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume V
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-14
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume V written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with categories.
Volume V describes JCS activities during the first two years of the Eisenhower administration. It traces the role of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the formulation of the basic national security policies of those years, in force planning and strategy development, and in the nascent area of arms control. The volume also describes JCS participation in planning and operations in various areas of the world where the United States was involved, with the exception of the Korean War-a subject covered in The joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, Volume III, The Korean War. 1. Basic National Security Policy, 1953 * 2. Basic National Security Policy, 1954 * 3. Force Levels and Personnel Strengths * 4. Strategic Planning, 1953-1954 * 5. Continental Air Defense * 6. Mobilization Planning * 7. Manpower Mobilization: Organization of Reserve Forces * 8. Missions and Weapons * 9. Disarmament and Atoms for Peace * 10. Military Assistance * 11. The Far East: Korea * 12. The Far East: Indochina, Taiwan, Japan * 13. Western Europe, 1953 * 14. Western Europe, 1954 * 15. The Middle East * 16. Latin America 1. Basic National Security Policy, 1953 * Policy Issues at the Beginning of 1953 * Early Decisions of the New Administration * A New Statement of National Security Policy: NSC 153/1 * Project Solarium * The New Joint Chiefs of Staff and Their Recommendations * A New Policy Directive: NSC 162/2 * Military Strategy Reexamined: JCS 2101/113 * Differences among the Joint Chiefs of Staff * The New Look and Its Interpretation * 2. Basic National Security Policy, 1954 * Framework of Policy Discussion in 1954 * NSC 162/2 and the FY 1956 Budget * JCS Appraisal of Free World Military Posture * First Budget Guidelines * JCS Views on Negotiations with the Soviets * Interim Policy Revision: NCS 5422/2 * Policy Debate Continued * A Revised National Security Policy: NSC 5501 * The Direction of Policy in 1954 * 3. Force Levels and Personnel Strengths * FY 1954 Goals under the Eisenhower Administration * The JCS Interim Look for FY 1955 * The FY 1955 Budget: Impact of the New Look * FY 1956 Plans and the Indochina Crisis * The Issue of Support Force Recommendations * The Decision to Accelerate Retrenchment * Force Levels under the New Ceilings * FY 1956 Defense Budget * Force Levels and Strategy, 1953-1954 * 4. Strategic Planning, 1953-1954 * The JCS Planning Program: Policy Memorandum 84 * Planning at the Beginning of 1953 * Progress of the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan * Development of the Joint Strategic Objectives Plan * The Joint Long-Range Strategic Estimate * The Planning Program Reconsidered * The First Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan Completed * The Joint Mid-Range War Plan * The 1955-1956 Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan * Revision of the Planning Program * The JCS Planning Program: The First Two Years * 5. Continental Air Defense * Plans, Organization, and Forces for Air Defense * Legacy of the Truman Administration * The New Administration Confronts a Dilemma * Service and Continental US Defense Planning Group Proposals * A New Policy for Continental Defense: NSC 159/4 * Continental Defense and the FY 1955 Budget * Canada's Role in the Early Warning System * A Second Look at Continental Defense Plans * Command and Organizational Changes * The Net Capabilities Evaluation Subcommittee * Northern Canada (Distant Early Warning) Line * Objectives for FY 1956 * Continental Defense at the End of 1954 * 6. Mobilization Planning * Allocation of Responsibilities * The Eisenhower Administration and the Mobilization Base in 1953 * The Joint Chiefs of Staff and Stockpile Policy * The Role of the Office of Defense Mobilization Mobilization * Planning as an Issue in 1954 * Mobilization Policy at the End of 1954 * Service Approaches to Mobilization: The Joint Mid-Range War Plan * Mobilization Planning and the New Look * 7. Manpower Mobilization: Organization of Reserve Forces * Manpower Policy as a Problem
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Vi
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-14
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Vi written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with categories.
When this Volume first saw the light of day some 20 years ago, the United States and the Soviet Union were frozen in one of the most frigid antagonisms of the cold war. Each country was making every effort to develop and deploy the new weapons of mass destruction, to strengthen its own bloc of allies, and to expand its influence and control around the world. To deal with this potent potential enemy, the Eisenhower administration had redirected its strategy and force planning to emphasize strategic retaliatory striking power. Nuclear weapons delivered by ballistic missiles were the essential components of the New Look, as the policy came to be called. Robert J. Watson has described the JCS role in the creation of the New Look in Volume V of this series. This Volume VI is primarily concerned with the way the Joint Chiefs of Staff sought to "fine tune" the New Look through strategic plans, the force levels to support them, and allocation of responsibility among the military services for developing and operating the new weapons systems. This turned out to be a contentious process owing to interservice disagreement. Other important matters involving the Joint Chiefs of Staff included the strengthening of NATO, extension of collective security to the Middle and Far East through CENTO and SEATO, commenting on arms control proposals, and helping prepare the military assistance program. Organizational matters, which are the subject of other publications by the Historical Office, are omitted. 1. Basic National Security Policy, 1953 * Policy Issues at the Beginning of 1953 * Early Decisions of the New Administration * A New Statement of National Security Policy: NSC 153/1 * Project Solarium * The New Joint Chiefs of Staff and Their Recommendations * A New Policy Directive: NSC 162/2 * Military Strategy Reexamined: JCS 2101/113 * Differences among the Joint Chiefs of Staff * The New Look and Its Interpretation * 2. Basic National Security Policy, 1954 * Framework of Policy Discussion in 1954 * NSC 162/2 and the FY 1956 Budget * JCS Appraisal of Free World Military Posture * First Budget Guidelines * JCS Views on Negotiations with the Soviets * Interim Policy Revision: NCS 5422/2 * Policy Debate Continued * A Revised National Security Policy: NSC 5501 * The Direction of Policy in 1954 * 3. Force Levels and Personnel Strengths * FY 1954 Goals under the Eisenhower Administration * The JCS Interim Look for FY 1955 * The FY 1955 Budget: Impact of the New Look * FY 1956 Plans and the Indochina Crisis * The Issue of Support Force Recommendations * The Decision to Accelerate Retrenchment * Force Levels under the New Ceilings * FY 1956 Defense Budget * Force Levels and Strategy, 1953-1954 * 4. Strategic Planning, 1953-1954 * The JCS Planning Program: Policy Memorandum 84 * Planning at the Beginning of 1953 * Progress of the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan * Development of the Joint Strategic Objectives Plan * The Joint Long-Range Strategic Estimate * The Planning Program Reconsidered * The First Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan Completed * The Joint Mid-Range War Plan * The 1955-1956 Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan * Revision of the Planning Program * The JCS Planning Program: The First Two Years * 5. Continental Air Defense * Plans, Organization, and Forces for Air Defense * Legacy of the Truman Administration * The New Administration Confronts a Dilemma * Service and Continental US Defense Planning Group Proposals * A New Policy for Continental Defense: NSC 159/4 * Continental Defense and the FY 1955 Budget * Canada's Role in the Early Warning System * A Second Look at Continental Defense Plans * Command and Organizational Changes * The Net Capabilities Evaluation Subcommittee * Northern Canada (Distant Early Warning) Line * Objectives for FY 1956 * Continental Defense at the End of 1954 * 6. Mobilization Planning
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Vi
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Author : Joint Chiefs of Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-10-18
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Vi written by Joint Chiefs of Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.
Established during World War II to advise the President regarding the strategic direction of the armed forces of the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) continued in existence after the war and, as military advisers and planners, have played a significant role in the development of national policy. Knowledge of JCS relations with the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense in the years since World War II is essential to an understanding of their current work. An account of their activity in peacetime and during times of crisis provides, moreover, an important series of chapters in the military history of the United States. For these reasons, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that an official history be written for the record. Its value for instructional purposes, for the orientation of officers newly assigned to the JCS organization, and as a source of information for staff studies will be readily recognized.
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff
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Author : Joint Chiefs of Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-10-18
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff written by Joint Chiefs of Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.
Established during World War II to advise the President regarding the strategic direction of the armed forces of the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) continued in existence after the war and, as military advisers and planners, have played a significant role in the development of national policy. Knowledge of JCS relations with the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense in the years since World War II is essential to an understanding of their current work. An account of their activity in peacetime and during times of crisis provides, moreover, an important series of chapters in the military history of the United States. For these reasons, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that an official history be written for the record. Its value for instructional purposes, for the orientation of officers newly assigned to the JCS organization, and as a source of information for staff studies will be readily recognized.
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume I
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-14
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume I written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with categories.
Established during World War II to advise the President regarding the strategic direction of armed forces of the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) continued in existence after the war and, as military advisers and planners, have played a significant role in the development of national policy. Knowledge of JCS relations with the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense in the years since World War II is essential to an understanding of their current work. An account of their activity in peacetime and during times of crisis provides, moreover, an important series of chapters in the military history of the United States. For these reasons, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that an official history be written for the record. Its value for instructional purposes, for the orientation of officers newly assigned to the JCS organization, and as a source of information for staff studies will be readily recognized. The series, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, treats the activities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff since the close of World War II. Because of the nature of the activities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as well as the sensitivity of the sources, the volumes of the series were originally prepared in classified form. Classification designations, in text and footnotes, are those that appeared in the original classified volume. Following review and declassification, the initial four volumes, covering the years 1945-1952 and the Korean War, were distributed in unclassified form within the Department of Defense and copies were deposited with the National Archives and Records Administration. These volumes are now being made available as official publications. Volume I describes JCS activities during the period 1945-1947 except for activities related to Indochina, which are covered in a separate series. Contents * 1. The Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1945 * Relationships with the President * The Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretaries of War, Navy, and State * JCS Relations with the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC) * JCS Participation in the United Nations * Future Prospects * 2. Between War and Peace * Initial US Views of the Postwar World * Differences over Eastern Europe: First Signs of Rift between East and West * A Cautious Reappraisal of Soviet Intentions * The Yalta Conference * Worsening Relations over Eastern Europe * Occupation Plans for Germany and Austria * The Venezia Giulia Confrontation * Creation of the United Nations * Preliminaries to the Potsdam Conference. * JCS Views of Soviet Demands on Turkey * The Meeting at Potsdam * The War Ends * 3. US-Soviet Confrontation Intensifies: September 1945-March 1947 * The London Conference of the Council of Foreign Ministers * A Problem in Czechoslovakia * Defining US Foreign Policy * The Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers * Trouble in Iran * Soviet Policies: Several Views * More Problems in Iran * The Paris Meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers * Trouble in Venezia Giulia * The JCS Appraise the Soviet Threat-July 1946 * Possible Aid to Turkey and Iran * The Truman Doctrine Evolves * 4. US Military Policy: Strategic Planning and Command Arrangements * Authority for JCS Participation in Postwar Military Policymaking * The Effects of "New Weapons" on Policy and Strategy * The JCS Propose a US Postwar Military Policy * The JCS Strategic Concept and Plan * Concept of Operations for a Joint Outline War Plan * The JCS Strategic Estimate for the President * Joint Basic Outline War Plan PINCHER * The JCS Advise President Truman on Military Policy * Strategic Guidance for Industrial Mobilization Planning * Unified Command * Strategic Concept and Deployment Planning for the Pacific * 5. Postwar Military Forces: Planning and Problems * US Armed Forces on V-J Day * Early Demobilization Planning * Planning for Demobilization after the Defeat of Japan * Demobilization and the Soviet Threat * Postwar Force Requirements
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff The Joint Chiefs Of Staff And National Policy 1950 1952
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Author : Walter S. Poole
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2012-10-02
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff The Joint Chiefs Of Staff And National Policy 1950 1952 written by Walter S. Poole and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-02 with History categories.
Established during World War II to advise the President regarding the strategic direction of the armed forces of the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) continued in existence after the war and, as military advisers and planners, have played a significant role in the development of national policy. Knowledge of JCS relations with the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense in the years since World War II is essential to an understanding of their current work. An account of their activity in peacetime and during times of crisis provides, moreover, an important series of chapters in the military history of the United States. For these reasons, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that an official history be written for the record. Its value for instructional purposes, for the orientation of officers newly assigned to the JCS organization, and as a source of information for staff studies will be readily recognized. The series, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, treats the activities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff since the close of World War II. Because of the nature of the activities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as well as the sensitivity of the sources, the volumes of the series were originally prepared in classified form. Classification designations, in text and footnotes, are those that appeared in the original classified volume. Following review and declassification, the initial four volumes, covering the years 1945-1952 and the Korean War, were distributed in unclassified form within the Department of Defense and copies were deposited with the National Archives and Records Administration. These volumes are now being made available as official publications. Volume IV describes JCS activities during 1951-1952 except for activities related to Korea which are covered in Volume III and activities related to Indochina which are covered in a separate series. The outline for this volume was developed by Dr. Walter S. Poole under the guidance of Mr. Kenneth W. Condit. Dr. Poole performed the research and drafted the manuscript under the successive direction of Mr. Condit, Dr. Robert J. Watson, and Mr. James F. Schnabel. Some of Dr. Poole's draft chapters were also reviewed by Mr. Vernon E. Davis, former Chief of the Histories Branch. Ultimately, Dr. Poole assumed full responsibility for the volume.
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Ix
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-14
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Ix written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with categories.
This volume covers an unhappy period in US as well as JCS history. As the Vietnam War turned into a bloody stalemate, the strategy of "close-in" containment for the Far East proved to be unbearably costly. After the Six Day War of 1967, the Middle East became increasingly polarized between East and West. NATO had to cope with France's secession from the integrated command. Across a broad range of issues, the Joint Chiefs of Staff found themselves at odds with Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. They wanted to escalate sharply the air campaign against North Vietnam, preserve superiority in strategic nuclear capability, and restore a US-based reserve of conventional units being drained by Vietnam's demands. Many times, their recommendations were rejected by President Lyndon B. Johnson who accepted instead those of Secretary McNamara. Indeed, the sidelining of the Joint Chiefs of Staff emerges as the dominant theme of this volume. The Vietnam War dominated and ultimately consumed Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency. In March 1964, President Johnson set the objective of preserving an independent, non-communist South Vietnam.1 But as 1965 opened, communist forces-Viet Cong guerrillas supported by North Vietnamese soldiers-were close to victory. During March, the United States started a systematic bombing campaign against the North and began committing large ground forces in the South. Defeat was averted, but steady escalation followed as the communists persevered. By 1968, there were 549,500 US military personnel in South Vietnam. Vietnam's Impact * 2. Strategic Nuclear Forces: The End of US Superiority * 3. Losing the ABM Debate * 4. The Overstretching of Conventional Capabilities * 5. Arms Control Inches Forward * 6. NATO: Surviving Challenges from Within * 7. NATO'S Flexible Response: Reality or Mirage? * 8. Phasing Out the Military Assistance Program * 9. Latin America: The Instruments of Influence * 10. Upheaval in the Middle East * 11. Africa: Avoiding Direct Intervention * 12. South Asia: US Influence Shrinks * 13. The Far East: The Climax of Containment 1. Overview: Vietnam's Impact * Reputations Tarnish * Decisionmaking Mechanisms Become Muddled * The PPBS under Stress * The "Two-War" Strategy vs. Diminishing Resources * 2. Strategic Nuclear Forces: The End of US Superiority * Force Planning in 1965 * Force Planning in 1966 * Refining the SIOP * Force Planning in 1967 * Force Planning in 1968 Perspectives * 3. Losing the ABM Debate * Force Planning in 1965 * Force Planning in 1966 * Force Planning In 1967 * Force Planning in 1968 * Aftermath * 4. The Overstretching of Conventional Capabilities * Force Planning in 1965: Losing the Slack * Force Planning in 1966: Tautness * Force Planning in 1967: Fraying Faster * Force Planning in 1968: The Snap * Afterthoughts * Appendix: Forces in Being * 5. Arms Control Inches Forward * Killing the Comprehensive and Threshold Test Bans * Fissionable Material Production: No Cutoff * Signing an Outer Space Treaty * Negotiating a Non-Proliferation Treaty * SALT: Hopes Raised and Blighted * A Qualified Conclusion * 6. NATO: Surviving Challenges from Within * Coping with France's Secession * Re-Cementing the German Connection * Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus * 7. NATO'S Flexible Response: Reality or Mirage? * Cross Currents * The Evolution of MC 14/3 * Conventional Capabilities Start to Dwindle * Until Czechoslovakia Compels a Turnabout * 8. Phasing Out the Military Assistance Program * The FY 1966 Program * The FY 1967 Program * The FY 1968 Program * The FY 1969 Program * Preparing the FY 1970 Program * Conclusion * 9. Latin America: The Instruments of Influence * The Dominican Imbroglio * A Political Quagmire? * Internationalizing the Occupation * Resolution and Extrication * Panama: Toward a New Canal Treaty * Aircraft Sales: Pro and Con * 10. Upheaval in the Middle East * Israel and Jordan: An Unattainable "Balance" * Countdown * The Six Day War
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Ii
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-14
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Ii written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with categories.
Established during World War II to advise the President regarding the strategic direction of armed forces of the United States, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) continued in existence after the war and, as military advisers and planners, have played a significant role in the development of national policy. Knowledge of JCS relations with the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense in the years since World War II is essential to an understanding of their current work. An account of their activity in peacetime and during times of crisis provides, moreover, an important series of chapters in the military history of the United States. For these reasons, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that an official history be written for the record. Its value for instructional purposes, for the orientation of officers newly assigned to the JCS organization, and as a source of information for staff studies will be readily recognized. The series, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy, treats the activities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff since the close of World War II. Because of the nature of the activities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as well as the sensitivity of the sources, the volumes of the series were originally prepared in classified form. Classification designations, in text and footnotes, are those that appeared in the original classified volume. Following review and declassification, the initial four volumes, covering the years 1945-1952 and the Korean War, were distributed in unclassified form within the Department of Defense and copies were deposited with the National Archives and Records Administration. These volumes are now being made available as official publications. Volume II describes JCS activities during the period 1945-1947 except for activities related to Indochina, which are covered in a separate series. Contents: 1. A New Era Begins * 2. Countering Soviet Expansion in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean * 3. Palestine: US Middle East Policy at Cross Purposes * 4. The Berlin Crisis * 5. Key West and Newport: Roles and Missions 6. The FY 1949 Supplemental Budget: Initial Effort to Rearm * 7. The FY 1950 Budget: Rearmament Falls Short * 8. The FY 1951 Military Budget: Rearmament Is Cut Back * 9. Strategic Planning * 10. Challenges to Strategy * 11. Collective Defense of the Atlantic Community * 12. Military Assistance for NATO Countries * 13. The Communist Victory in China * 14. Consequences of the Communist Victory in China on US Far East Policy * 15. The Soviet Atomic Explosion and Its Consequences A New Era Begins * New Framework for National Defense: The National Security Act of 1947 * From Collaboration to Cold War * Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan * "Playing with Fire" * 2. Countering Soviet Expansion in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean * US Policy toward the Region * Initiation of Military Aid to Greece * The British Proposal for Troop Withdrawal * The Chamberlin Mission * NSC 5: The Question of Deploying US Forces to Greece * Military Operations: Successes and Failures * Continuation of Military Assistance for Greece * Final Victory in Greece * Strengthening Anti-Communist Forces in Italy * Aid to Turkey * Aid to Iran * 3. Palestine: US Middle East Policy at Cross Purposes * Genesis of the Palestine Problem * The Joint Chiefs of Staff Oppose Partition * President Truman Decides for Partition * The General Assembly Votes for Partition * The United States Advocates a UN Trusteeship * The Situation Deteriorates * Arab-Israeli War * International Peace Force for a Neutral Jerusalem * International Peace Force for Palestine * Marine Guards for the Jerusalem Consulate * US Policy after the 1949 Armistice * Military Assistance to Israel and the Arab States * The Tripartite Declaration of 1950 * 4. The Berlin Crisis * The Foreign Ministers Fail at London
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Iv
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Author : Department of Defense
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-14
History Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Volume Iv written by Department of Defense and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with categories.
This volume describes the impact of the Korean War upon national security policies and programs. The Soviet Union's willingness to sanction overt aggression, in an area where Soviet security interests were only marginally involved, seemed to show that Moscow might indeed have a master plan for world domination. That helped force a fundamental change in the Truman administration's estimates of US security needs. The first six chapters describe the consequences for the US military establishment-the launching of rearmament and the pacing of the subsequent build-up. The last seven chapters outline the efforts made to create a collective security structure by galvanizing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), beginning German rearmament, encouraging formation of a Middle East Command, protecting Taiwan, supporting France in Indochina, and concluding peace and security treaties with Japan, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand. 1. Rearmament versus Retrenchment (1950) * 2. Rearmament Begun (1950) * 3. Rearmament Sustained (1951) * 4. Rearmament Retarded (1952) * 5. The Approach of Armageddon: Atomic Arsenal * 6. The Approach of Armageddon: Strategic Planning * 7. NATO in Alarm: 1950 * 8. NATO in Expansion: 1951 * 9. NATO in Climax: 1951-1952 * 10. NATO in Relapse: 1952 * 11. The Middle East: "Recessional" * 12. The Far East: Nationalism, Communism, and Containment * 13. The Resurrection of Japan Contents * 1. Rearmament versus Retrenchment (1950) * Introduction: The Mid-Century World * A Plea for Rearmament: NSC 68 * A Rationale for Retrenchment: The FY 1951 Budget * The Battle in Balance: The FY 1952 Budget * Recapitulation * 2. Rearmament Begun (1950) * Motif * Meeting the Korean Emergency: Force and Budget Increases * Defining the Danger: NSC 73/4 * Galvanizing Rearmament: NSC 68/1 and 68/2 * General Marshall Succeeds Louis Johnson * Intermezzo * Crescendo: NSC 68/4 * 3. Rearmament Sustained (1951) * "Time Is On Our Side.." * Presentation of the FY 1952 Budget: Implementing NSC 68/4 * Reviewing Rearmament: NSC 114/1 * Air Power Wins Primacy * Formulating the FY 1953 Budget: NSC 114/2 * Robert Lovett Replaces General Marshall * 4. Rearmament Retarded (1952) * Reducing the FY 1953 Budget * Dissonance: NSC 135/3 and the FY 1954 Budget * Reprise: NSC 141 * Coda: NSC 142 * 5. The Approach of Armageddon: Atomic Arsenal * Advent of the Nuclear Age * Expansion of the Arsenal * Custody and Stockpiling Controversies * 6. The Approach of Armageddon: Strategic Planning * World War III: 1950-1952 * The Atomic Offensive * Bombers and Bases * World War III: 1954 * New Program for Planning * 7. NATO in Alarm: 1950 * Origins of the Alliance * The State of NATO in Mid-1950 * The Impact of Korea * The Genesis of German Rearmament * September Stalemate * The Pleven Plan * The Brussels Solution * 8. NATO in Expansion: 1951 * The "Great Debate" * The Establishment of SHAPE * The Reorganization of NATO * The Atlantic and Mediterranean Commands: Decisions Deferred * Attenuation of the Medium Term Defense Plan * The Abortive Foreign Ministers' Meeting * The European Army and German Rearmament * 9. NATO in Climax: 1951-1952 * The Washington Foreign Ministers' Meeting * From Ottawa to Rome * The Temporary Council Committee Report * Atlantic Command Achieved * An Impending Crisis * The Lisbon Meeting * 10. NATO in Relapse: 1952 * The Faltering Force * The Annual Review * Debating the "Continental" Strategy * The Mediterranean Command Solution * Franco and NATO * Erosion of the EDC * Retrospect * 11. The Middle East: "Recessional" * The Ending of an Empire * Egypt and the Middle East Command * The Suez Complication * Aid to Egypt? * The Iranian Imbroglio * The Shortcomings of Strategic Planning * Access to Oil * 12. The Far East: Nationalism, Communism, and Containment * Asia Awakens * Taiwan: Sanctuary or Springboard? * The Indochina Quagmire * Insurgency in the Philippines * 13. The Resurrection of Japan