Host Directed Therapies For Tuberculosis
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Host Directed Therapies For Tuberculosis
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Author : Vishwanath Venketaraman
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-11-20
Host Directed Therapies For Tuberculosis written by Vishwanath Venketaraman and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-20 with Science categories.
TB is considered as one of the oldest documented infectious diseases in the world and is believed to be the leading cause of mortality due to a single infectious agent. Mtb, the causative agent responsible for TB, continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, one-third of the entire world's population has latent TB. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate and limit the spread of Mtb through the use of antibiotics. However, management of TB is becoming more challenging with the emergence of drug-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb. Furthermore, when administered, many of the anti-TB drugs commonly present severe complications and side effects. Novel approaches to enhance the host immune responses to completely eradicate Mtb infection are urgently needed. This Special Issue will therefore cover most recent advances in the area of host-directed therapies for TB.
Advances In Host Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
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Author : Petros C. Karakousis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-03
Advances In Host Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis written by Petros C. Karakousis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-03 with Medical categories.
This book discusses specific immune cell regulatory pathway(s), immune cell types, or other mechanisms involved in host responses to tuberculosis that can be potentially targeted for host-directed therapy (HDT). The pathways/mechanisms investigated are either protective – thus calling for pathway/factor enhancing drugs – or maladaptive – thus calling for pathway/factor inhibitory drugs. Discovery and development (pre-clinical and clinical) of candidate HDT agents will also be elucidated, as well as approaches for HDT of other diseases. The benefit to the reader will derive from learning about the biology of multiple host pathways involved in health and disease, how these pathways are disrupted or dysregulated during tuberculosis, and which druggable targets exist in these pathways. This book provides the reader with a roadmap of current and future directions of HDT against tuberculosis. Since the host pathways/factors involved in protective or maladaptive responses to tuberculosis are not disease-specific, information learned from the context of tuberculosis likely will be relevant to other infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Host Directed Therapies For Tuberculosis
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Author : Vishwanath Venketaraman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Host Directed Therapies For Tuberculosis written by Vishwanath Venketaraman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
TB is considered as one of the oldest documented infectious diseases in the world and is believed to be the leading cause of mortality due to a single infectious agent. Mtb, the causative agent responsible for TB, continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, one-third of the entire world's population has latent TB. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate and limit the spread of Mtb through the use of antibiotics. However, management of TB is becoming more challenging with the emergence of drug-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb. Furthermore, when administered, many of the anti-TB drugs commonly present severe complications and side effects. Novel approaches to enhance the host immune responses to completely eradicate Mtb infection are urgently needed. This Special Issue will therefore cover most recent advances in the area of host-directed therapies for TB.
Host Directed Therapy In The Treatment Of Tuberculosis
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Author : Sathyavani Subbarao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Host Directed Therapy In The Treatment Of Tuberculosis written by Sathyavani Subbarao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Host Directed Therapy Against Tuberculosis Through Targeting Eicosanoid Pathway Key Enzymes
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Author : Wenfei Wang
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022*
Host Directed Therapy Against Tuberculosis Through Targeting Eicosanoid Pathway Key Enzymes written by Wenfei Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022* with categories.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a significant global public health burden. The limitations of traditional antimycobacterial therapies led researchers in the tuberculosis community to focus on the possibility of modulating the host immune response as adjunctive therapy. We identified a genetic variation (rs8193036) in the promoter region of IL17A is associated with susceptibility to TB. Functional assay demonstrated that rs8193036 C allele exhibited significantly lower promotor transcription activities. The rs13120371 AA genotype was strongly associated with an increased risk of TB and increased xCT mRNA expression levels compared to those with the GG or AG genotype. rs13120371 is located on the 3' untranslated (UTR) region of the xCT gene, the rs13120371 AA genotype inhibited the binding of miR-42-3p to xCT. Pretreatment with sulfasalazine (SASP) alleviated bacterial burden in cells with the AA genotype but conferred no benefit in cells with the GG phenotype. We found that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 increased significantly in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) which the infected M.tb still alive. After treatment with SASP, COX-2 gene expression and the level of PGE2 decreased to normal level. COX-2 might be a novel target for treatment of TB and that SASP might be a potential therapeutic drug which prevents severe inflammation in the pathogenesis process of TB. Together, this thesis provides evidence that infection of human macrophages by M.tb strongly induces eicosanoid pathway key enzyme expression along with pro-inflammatory cytokine formation, which is suppressed by SASP that facilitates M.tb clearance by macrophages. The repurposing of already available drugs known to modulate host responses may improve the future of host directed therapy (HDT) for TB.
Towards Host Directed Drug Therapies For Infectious And Non Communicable Diseases
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Author : Frank Brombacher
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-11-25
Towards Host Directed Drug Therapies For Infectious And Non Communicable Diseases written by Frank Brombacher and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-25 with categories.
Natural Resistance To And Host Directed Prevention Of Tuberculosis
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Author : Robert Wilkinson
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-06-16
Natural Resistance To And Host Directed Prevention Of Tuberculosis written by Robert Wilkinson and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-16 with categories.
Tuberculosis remains an important bacterial disease responsible for more than one million deaths per year. The risk of overt disease is highest in the first year post infection, nevertheless, asymptomatic chronic infection (referred to as Latent Tuberculosis Infection, LTBI) may also be established. LTBI cannot be ascertained directly, it can only be inferred from a skin or blood test of immune sensitization. Nevertheless, it is often stated that one third of the world’s population has LTBI. The central tenet of Tuberculosis control has therefore been antibiotic treatment of overt disease and the selective less intensive antibiotic treatment of patients considered at risk of progression of LTBI. Much Tuberculosis research has been directed towards elucidation of the mechanisms of host susceptibility to disease. The best-characterized immune risk factor for Tuberculosis is HIV-1 co-infection. Others include anti-TNF therapies, Diabetes Mellitus, other forms of immunosuppression, and cigarette smoking. However in most clinical cases of Tuberculosis, no underlying immunological defect can be identified. Since the general assumption is that most people infected with Tuberculosis never develop disease, this suggests that most people who are exposed and infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbor immunity to Tuberculosis. This encourages the hypothesis that vaccination should be possible and indeed Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination confers protection against disseminated disease in children. However, BCG vaccination is not associated with reduced pulmonary disease in adults, which is a significant limitation. Furthermore it has been recognized that increased resistance to Tuberculosis occurs in specific populations. These include (i) heavily exposed persons in whom tests of immune sensitization nevertheless remain persistently negative; (ii) children aged between 5 years and puberty, and (iii) persons with documented persistent positive tests of sensitization who nevertheless never manifest disease. As progress towards the elimination of Tuberculosis is insufficient under current antibiotic-based strategies, the idea to enhance immune resistance either via improved vaccination or enhanced natural immunity is important. Recent research interest has therefore increased attention on the analysis of resistance in humans. The current BCG vaccine is conventionally thought to prevent progression of established infection. However, vaccination strategies now also envisage the prevention of infection and relapse. There has been a rapid growth of interest in adjunctive host-directed immune interventions which aim to either enhance protective immunity or to regulate pathological tissue-damaging immunity. However, the idea of host-directed prevention is less widely discussed.
Understanding The Host Immune Response Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
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Author : Vishwanath Venketaraman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-26
Understanding The Host Immune Response Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection written by Vishwanath Venketaraman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-26 with Medical categories.
According to the World Health Organization, approximately one third of the world’s population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb [LTBI]), of whom about 9 million have active tuberculosis (TB). It is estimated that approximately 2 million individuals die each year from active TB. An estimated 14.4% of these individuals have HIV and M. tb co-infection. TB has long been known to be one of the leading causes of death in HIV-infected individuals. Recent evidence now indicates that individuals with type 2 diabetes, the elderly, and chronic smokers are also increasingly susceptible to TB infection, the ability of their immune system to fight off active TB infection having been compromised by their condition. This book therefore aims to provide a detailed review of recent advances in the research that involves characterizing the host’s immune responses against TB infection in conditions such as HIV, diabetes, chronic cigarette smoking and aging, and strategies to restore favorable immune responses against this deadly pathogen.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6
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Author : King K. Holmes
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-06
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Medical categories.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Nanotechnology Based Approaches For Tuberculosis Treatment
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Author : Prashant Kesharwani
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-10
Nanotechnology Based Approaches For Tuberculosis Treatment written by Prashant Kesharwani and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment discusses multiple nanotechnology-based approaches that may help overcome persisting limitations of conventional and traditional treatments. The book summarizes the types of nano drugs, their synthesis, formulation, characterization and applications, along with the most important administration routes. It also explores recent advances and achievements regarding therapeutic efficacy and provides possible future applications in this field. It will be a useful resource for investigators, pharmaceutical researchers, innovators and scientists working on technology advancements in the areas of targeted therapies, nano scale imaging systems, and diagnostic modalities in tuberculosis. Addresses the gap between nanomedicine late discovery and early development of tuberculosis therapeutics Explores tuberculosis nanomedicine standardization and characterization with newly developed treatment, diagnostic and treatment monitoring modalities Covers the field thoroughly, from the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treatment approaches using nanotechnology and different nanocarriers