How Class Shapes Gender Inequality At Home
DOWNLOAD
Download How Class Shapes Gender Inequality At Home PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get How Class Shapes Gender Inequality At Home book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
How Class Shapes Gender Inequality At Home
DOWNLOAD
Author : Daria Ukhova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
How Class Shapes Gender Inequality At Home written by Daria Ukhova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Recent growth in economic inequality and class divides across Western countries has been shown to significantly impact intra-family gender relations and inequalities. Although Eastern European countries have faced a comparable growth of economic inequalities and a complete re-drawing of class relations following the collapse of state socialism, the category of class has been conspicuously absent from the analysis of changing family and gender relations in that region. In this thesis, I address this gap by investigating whether and how class -- in both a structural/material and a cultural sense -- has shaped gender inequalities in the division of unpaid work in the context of post-socialist transformations. I conduct three studies using the 1994, 2002, and 2012 waves of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Slovenia, as well as primary interview data I collected in Russia in 2017. In Study 1, I analyse how the gender division of domestic labour changed across different classes in 1994-2002 vs. 2002-2012 periods. In Study 2, I theorise and empirically demonstrate how an interactional- level mechanism of double accountability to sex and class categories -- undergirded by the perception of gender contracts evolved in the post-socialist period as profoundly classed -- shapes negotiations about, and performance of, domestic labour and childcare among Russian middle-class dual earner heterosexual couples. In Study 3, I explore changes in the Russian population's views on the gender division of labour between 1994 and 2012, moving beyond the unidimensional traditional vs. egalitarian conceptualization of gender ideology. As the findings of these three studies demonstrate, the analytical category of class, while still not widely used, is essential for making sense of changes in the practices and ideologies of the gendered division of unpaid work in post-socialist contexts. This thesis is a call to bring class squarely into post-socialist family and gender sociology.
Facing Social Class
DOWNLOAD
Author : Susan T. Fiske
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2012-03-05
Facing Social Class written by Susan T. Fiske and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-05 with Social Science categories.
Many Americans, holding fast to the American Dream and the promise of equal opportunity, claim that social class doesn't matter. Yet the ways we talk and dress, our interactions with authority figures, the degree of trust we place in strangers, our religious beliefs, our achievements, our senses of morality and of ourselves—all are marked by social class, a powerful factor affecting every domain of life. In Facing Social Class, social psychologists Susan Fiske and Hazel Rose Markus, and a team of sociologists, anthropologists, linguists, and legal scholars, examine the many ways we communicate our class position to others and how social class shapes our daily, face-to-face interactions—from casual exchanges to interactions at school, work, and home. Facing Social Class exposes the contradiction between the American ideal of equal opportunity and the harsh reality of growing inequality, and it shows how this tension is reflected in cultural ideas and values, institutional practices, everyday social interactions, and psychological tendencies. Contributor Joan Williams examines cultural differences between middle- and working-class people and shows how the cultural gap between social class groups can influence everything from voting practices and political beliefs to work habits, home life, and social behaviors. In a similar vein, Annette Lareau and Jessica McCrory Calarco analyze the cultural advantages or disadvantages exhibited by different classes in institutional settings, such as those between parents and teachers. They find that middle-class parents are better able to advocate effectively for their children in school than are working-class parents, who are less likely to challenge a teacher's authority. Michael Kraus, Michelle Rheinschmidt, and Paul Piff explore the subtle ways we signal class status in social situations. Conversational style and how close one person stands to another, for example, can influence the balance of power in a business interaction. Diana Sanchez and Julie Garcia even demonstrate that markers of low socioeconomic status such as incarceration or unemployment can influence whether individuals are categorized as white or black—a finding that underscores how race and class may work in tandem to shape advantage or disadvantage in social interactions. The United States has one of the highest levels of income inequality and one of the lowest levels of social mobility among industrialized nations, yet many Americans continue to buy into the myth that theirs is a classless society. Facing Social Class faces the reality of how social class operates in our daily lives, why it is so pervasive, and what can be done to alleviate its effects.
Gender Discriminations Among Young Children In Asia
DOWNLOAD
Author : Collectif
language : en
Publisher: Institut français de Pondichéry
Release Date : 2020-10-09
Gender Discriminations Among Young Children In Asia written by Collectif and has been published by Institut français de Pondichéry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-09 with Social Science categories.
Subsequent to the demographic transition, Asian countries have been experiencing deep-rooted changes in family structures. In this context, the question of gender relations within the family, and more generally within society, is crucial, in view of the increase in discriminatory practices toward women, beginning at foetal conception and continuing through all stages of life. Asia is the “black continent” for women. Estimates place the deficit in the number of women in the world at between 60 and 100 million, the vast majority of which is found on this continent. This book focuses on the intensity of female discrimination, from a demographic perspective, in the earliest stages of life, and more specifically around birth, in China, India, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. These societies share cultural characteristics that are not favourable to women: patriarchal systems, patrilineal families, socialization processes encouraging the submission of wives to their husband's family, etc. In these societies, a son is needed to perpetuate the family line and ensure social and biological reproduction of the family. These are among the reasons why they share a strong son preference, which is in some cases accentuated by economic constraints. A son is generally the only person to support his parents in old age, and as a rule help with work in the fields. Moreover, girls and women still occupy a marginal position in society, whereas a male heir offers countless advantages.
Social Class
DOWNLOAD
Author : Annette Lareau
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2008-07-10
Social Class written by Annette Lareau and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-10 with Social Science categories.
Class differences permeate the neighborhoods, classrooms, and workplaces where we lead our daily lives. But little is known about how class really works, and its importance is often downplayed or denied. In this important new volume, leading sociologists systematically examine how social class operates in the United States today. Social Class argues against the view that we are becoming a classless society. The authors show instead the decisive ways social class matters—from how long people live, to how they raise their children, to how they vote. The distinguished contributors to Social Class examine how class works in a variety of domains including politics, health, education, gender, and the family. Michael Hout shows that class membership remains an integral part of identity in the U.S.—in two large national surveys, over 97 percent of Americans, when prompted, identify themselves with a particular class. Dalton Conley identifies an intangible but crucial source of class difference that he calls the "opportunity horizon"—children form aspirations based on what they have seen is possible. The best predictor of earning a college degree isn't race, income, or even parental occupation—it is, rather, the level of education that one's parents achieved. Annette Lareau and Elliot Weininger find that parental involvement in the college application process, which significantly contributes to student success, is overwhelmingly a middle-class phenomenon. David Grusky and Kim Weeden introduce a new model for measuring inequality that allows researchers to assess not just the extent of inequality, but also whether it is taking on a more polarized, class-based form. John Goldthorpe and Michelle Jackson examine the academic careers of students in three social classes and find that poorly performing students from high-status families do much better in many instances than talented students from less-advantaged families. Erik Olin Wright critically assesses the emphasis on individual life chances in many studies of class and calls for a more structural conception of class. In an epilogue, journalists Ray Suarez, Janny Scott, and Roger Hodge reflect on the media's failure to report hardening class lines in the United States, even when images on the nightly news—such as those involving health, crime, or immigration—are profoundly shaped by issues of class. Until now, class scholarship has been highly specialized, with researchers working on only one part of a larger puzzle. Social Class gathers the most current research in one volume, and persuasively illustrates that class remains a powerful force in American society.
What Is Work
DOWNLOAD
Author : Raffaella Sarti
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2018-09-21
What Is Work written by Raffaella Sarti and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-21 with History categories.
Every society throughout history has defined what counts as work and what doesn’t. And more often than not, those lines of demarcation are inextricable from considerations of gender. What Is Work? offers a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding labor within the highly gendered realm of household economies. Drawing from scholarship on gender history, economic sociology, family history, civil law, and feminist economics, these essays explore the changing and often contested boundaries between what was and is considered work in different Euro-American contexts over several centuries, with an eye to the ambiguities and biases that have shaped mainstream conceptions of work across all social sectors.
Unequal Time
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dan Clawson
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2014-07-10
Unequal Time written by Dan Clawson and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-10 with Social Science categories.
Life is unpredictable. Control over one’s time is a crucial resource for managing that unpredictability, keeping a job, and raising a family. But the ability to control one’s time, much like one’s income, is determined to a significant degree by both gender and class. In Unequal Time, sociologists Dan Clawson and Naomi Gerstel explore the ways in which social inequalities permeate the workplace, shaping employees’ capacities to determine both their work schedules and home lives, and exacerbating differences between men and women, and the economically privileged and disadvantaged. Unequal Time investigates the interconnected schedules of four occupations in the health sector—professional-class doctors and nurses, and working-class EMTs and nursing assistants. While doctors and EMTs are predominantly men, nurses and nursing assistants are overwhelmingly women. In all four occupations, workers routinely confront schedule uncertainty, or unexpected events that interrupt, reduce, or extend work hours. Yet, Clawson and Gerstel show that members of these four occupations experience the effects of schedule uncertainty in very distinct ways, depending on both gender and class. But doctors, who are professional-class and largely male, have significant control over their schedules and tend to work long hours because they earn respect from their peers for doing so. By contrast, nursing assistants, who are primarily female and working-class, work demanding hours because they are most likely to be penalized for taking time off, no matter how valid the reasons. Unequal Time also shows that the degree of control that workers hold over their schedules can either reinforce or challenge conventional gender roles. Male doctors frequently work overtime and rely heavily on their wives and domestic workers to care for their families. Female nurses are more likely to handle the bulk of their family responsibilities, and use the control they have over their work schedules in order to dedicate more time to home life. Surprisingly, Clawson and Gerstel find that in the working class occupations, workers frequently undermine traditional gender roles, with male EMTs taking significant time from work for child care and women nursing assistants working extra hours to financially support their children and other relatives. Employers often underscore these disparities by allowing their upper-tier workers (doctors and nurses) the flexibility that enables their gender roles at home, including, for example, reshaping their workplaces in order to accommodate female nurses’ family obligations. Low-wage workers, on the other hand, are pressured to put their jobs before the unpredictable events they might face outside of work. Though we tend to consider personal and work scheduling an individual affair, Clawson and Gerstel present a provocative new case that time in the workplace also collective. A valuable resource for workers’ advocates and policymakers alike, Unequal Time exposes how social inequalities reverberate through a web of interconnected professional relationships and schedules, significantly shaping the lives of workers and their families.
Race Gender Sexuality And Social Class
DOWNLOAD
Author : Susan J. Ferguson
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2013
Race Gender Sexuality And Social Class written by Susan J. Ferguson and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Social Science categories.
Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Social Class: Dimensions of Inequality, edited by renowned researcher and scholar Susan Ferguson, presents a contemporary and compelling overview of race, ethnicity, gender, and social class issues in the United States today. Taking an intersectional approach, the book is organized topically, rather than focusing on specific race/ethnic subgroups. The content is framed around the themes of identity, experiences of race, class, gender or sexuality, difference, inequality, and social change or personal empowerment, with historical context threaded throughout to deepen the reader's understanding. With engaging readings and cutting-edge scholarship the collection is not only refreshingly contemporary but also relevant to students’ lives.
The Rise Of Women
DOWNLOAD
Author : Thomas A. DiPrete
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2013-01-01
The Rise Of Women written by Thomas A. DiPrete and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-01 with Social Science categories.
While powerful gender inequalities remain in American society, women have made substantial gains and now largely surpass men in one crucial arena: education. Women now outperform men academically at all levels of school, and are more likely to obtain college degrees and enroll in graduate school. What accounts for this enormous reversal in the gender education gap? In The Rise of Women: The Growing Gender Gap in Education and What It Means for American Schools, Thomas DiPrete and Claudia Buchmann provide a detailed and accessible account of women’s educational advantage and suggest new strategies to improve schooling outcomes for both boys and girls. The Rise of Women opens with a masterful overview of the broader societal changes that accompanied the change in gender trends in higher education. The rise of egalitarian gender norms and a growing demand for college-educated workers allowed more women to enroll in colleges and universities nationwide. As this shift occurred, women quickly reversed the historical male advantage in education. By 2010, young women in their mid-twenties surpassed their male counterparts in earning college degrees by more than eight percentage points. The authors, however, reveal an important exception: While women have achieved parity in fields such as medicine and the law, they lag far behind men in engineering and physical science degrees. To explain these trends, The Rise of Women charts the performance of boys and girls over the course of their schooling. At each stage in the education process, they consider the gender-specific impact of factors such as families, schools, peers, race and class. Important differences emerge as early as kindergarten, where girls show higher levels of essential learning skills such as persistence and self-control. Girls also derive more intrinsic gratification from performing well on a day-to-day basis, a crucial advantage in the learning process. By contrast, boys must often navigate a conflict between their emerging masculine identity and a strong attachment to school. Families and peers play a crucial role at this juncture. The authors show the gender gap in educational attainment between children in the same families tends to be lower when the father is present and more highly educated. A strong academic climate, both among friends and at home, also tends to erode stereotypes that disconnect academic prowess and a healthy, masculine identity. Similarly, high schools with strong science curricula reduce the power of gender stereotypes concerning science and technology and encourage girls to major in scientific fields. As the value of a highly skilled workforce continues to grow, The Rise of Women argues that understanding the source and extent of the gender gap in higher education is essential to improving our schools and the economy. With its rigorous data and clear recommendations, this volume illuminates new ground for future education policies and research.
The Second Shift
DOWNLOAD
Author : Arlie Hochschild
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2012-01-31
The Second Shift written by Arlie Hochschild and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-31 with Social Science categories.
An updated edition of a standard in its field that remains relevant more than thirty years after its original publication. Over thirty years ago, sociologist and University of California, Berkeley professor Arlie Hochschild set off a tidal wave of conversation and controversy with her bestselling book, The Second Shift. Hochschild's examination of life in dual-career housholds finds that, factoring in paid work, child care, and housework, working mothers put in one month of labor more than their spouses do every year. Updated for a workforce that is now half female, this edition cites a range of updated studies and statistics, with an afterword from Hochschild that addresses how far working mothers have come since the book's first publication, and how much farther we all still must go.
Notions Of Family
DOWNLOAD
Author : Marla H. Kohlman
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2013-02-15
Notions Of Family written by Marla H. Kohlman and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-15 with Social Science categories.
Presents a framework for understanding the ways in which the salient identities of gender, class position, race, sexuality, and other demographic characteristics function simultaneously to produce the outcomes we observe in the lives of individuals as integral forces in the maintenance of family.