How Do Patents Affect Research Investments
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How Do Patents Affect Research Investments
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Author : Heidi L. Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
How Do Patents Affect Research Investments written by Heidi L. Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Patent laws and legislation categories.
While patent systems have been widely used both historically and internationally, there is nonetheless a tremendous amount of controversy over whether patent systems -- in practice -- improve the alignment between private returns and social contributions. In this paper, I describe three parameters -- how the disclosure function affects research investments, how patent strength affects research investments in new technologies, and how patents on existing technologies affect follow-on innovation -- needed to inform the question of how patents affect research investments, and review the available evidence which has attempted to empirically estimate these parameters.
Intellectual Property Rights And Innovation
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Author : Heidi L. Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Intellectual Property Rights And Innovation written by Heidi L. Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Diffusion of innovations categories.
A long theoretical literature has analyzed optimal patent policy design, yet there is very little empirical evidence on a key parameter needed to apply these models in practice: the relationship between patent strength and research investments. I argue that the dearth of empirical evidence on this question reflects two key challenges: the difficulty of measuring specific research investments, and the fact that finding variation in patent protection is difficult. I then summarize the findings of two recent studies which have made progress in starting to overcome these empirical challenges by combining new datasets measuring biomedical research investments with novel sources of variation in the effective intellectual property protection provided to different inventions. The first study, Budish, Roin, and Williams (forthcoming), documents evidence consistent with patents affecting the rate and direction of research investments in the context of cancer drug development. The second study, Williams (2013), documents evidence that one form of intellectual property rights on the human genome had quantitatively important impacts on follow-on scientific research and commercial development. I discuss the relevance of both studies for patent policy, and discuss directions for future research.
Beyond Patents
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Beyond Patents written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Notes On Patents Distortions And Development
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Author : Julio J. Nogués
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1990
Notes On Patents Distortions And Development written by Julio J. Nogués and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Patentes categories.
What are the economics of patents? What problems arise in implementing a patent system? How much do distortions in developing countries affect the benefits and costs of a patent system? And what are the policies that would increase the likelihood of patents benefiting a developing country?
How Do Patents Affect Follow On Innovation
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Author : Bhaven N. Sampat
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
How Do Patents Affect Follow On Innovation written by Bhaven N. Sampat and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Genes categories.
We investigate whether patents on human genes have affected follow-on scientific research and product development. Using administrative data on successful and unsuccessful patent applications submitted to the US Patent and Trademark Office, we link the exact gene sequences claimed in each application with data measuring follow-on scientific research and commercial investments. Using this data, we document novel evidence of selection into patenting: patented genes appear more valuable -- prior to being patented -- than non-patented genes. This evidence of selection motivates two quasi-experimental approaches, both of which suggest that on average gene patents have had no effect on follow-on innovation.
Do Weaker Patents Induce Greater Research Investments
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Author : Sridhar Srinivasan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Do Weaker Patents Induce Greater Research Investments written by Sridhar Srinivasan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Can weakening patent protection incentivize innovation? I investigate the effects of weakened patent protection on innovation at public firms by exploiting differential exposure to the Supreme Court decision Alice v. CLS bank. I employ a difference-in-differences design to measure the impact of the Supreme Court decision on firms exposed to the Alice decision relative to control firms that are less exposed. I provide causal evidence that innovation, measured by R&D, responds positively to weakened patent protection. Going further, I compare the impact of the Supreme Court decision on R&D investment and patent applications across the cross section of differentially exposed firms to further support my hypothesis. My estimates suggest that overly broad intellectual property rights play a significant role in deterring innovation through the accumulation of patents as weapons in legal arms races amongst productive firms.
Beyond Patents Assessing The Value And Impact Of Research Investments Proceedings Of A Workshop In Brief
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Author : Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Beyond Patents Assessing The Value And Impact Of Research Investments Proceedings Of A Workshop In Brief written by Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Incentive For Innovation And The Optimal Allocation Of Patents
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Author : Kojun Hamada
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Incentive For Innovation And The Optimal Allocation Of Patents written by Kojun Hamada and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This article theoretically investigates how different ownership structures of patents affect ex ante and ex post incentives for innovation by applying a property rights approach. We explore a model in which two research laboratories invest in R&D to obtain an innovative patent, and after successfully obtaining the patent they determine an ownership structure for the patent. The two parties consider how the determined patent ownership would affect their noncontractible relation-specific investments for commercialisation. We demonstrate that joint ownership of a patent between two parties is optimal. More concretely, if a selfish (altruistic) relation-specific investment is more important than an altruistic (selfish) investment, a joint ownership with no (bilateral) veto is optimal to maximise the joint value. Moreover, when both parties do not commit themselves to joint ownership in advance, they have greater incentive to invest in R&D than committing, even if they understand that joint ownership is desirable ex post.
Intellectual Property Rights And The Financing Of Technological Innovation
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Author : Carl Benedikt Frey
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2013-01-01
Intellectual Property Rights And The Financing Of Technological Innovation written by Carl Benedikt Frey and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-01 with Law categories.
'A major contribution to the literature on the role of intellectual property rights (IPR) for the financing of innovation. The book is extensively researched and provides compelling insights for IPR managers, technology investors and policymakers trying to promote the efficiency of capital markets and national systems of innovation.' Knut Blind, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Following the transition of industrial nations to knowledge economies, the financing of technological innovation has become a central issue in public policy, corporate finance and business management. This detailed book examines the role of intellectual property rights in facilitating the financing of technological innovation as well as the role of policy makers, investors and managers in this process. The book's central finding is that public policy plays a key role in promoting the corporate disclosure of intellectual property-related information to enhance the efficiency of capital markets. This not only reduces the costs of capital for technology-driven firms but ultimately spurs innovation and economic growth. Intellectual Property Rights and the Financing of Technological Innovation will strongly appeal to research students and academics, policy makers, intellectual property professionals, equity analysts, credit rating analysts and executives in the pharmaceutical industry.
Patent Management And Valuation
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Author : Grid Thoma
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-06-23
Patent Management And Valuation written by Grid Thoma and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Suggests empirical justification to its arguments, both for the United States and Europe, covering two of the most important patenting institutions (EP, USPTO). Offers a composite index for measuring patent valuation and analyses this value with respect to combined IP strategies.