How Not To Network A Nation

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How Not To Network A Nation

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Author : Benjamin Peters
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2016-03-25

How Not To Network A Nation written by Benjamin Peters and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-25 with Computers categories.

How, despite thirty years of effort, Soviet attempts to build a national computer network were undone by socialists who seemed to behave like capitalists. Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet scientists and officials made numerous attempts to network their nation—to construct a nationwide computer network. None of these attempts succeeded, and the enterprise had been abandoned by the time the Soviet Union fell apart. Meanwhile, ARPANET, the American precursor to the Internet, went online in 1969. Why did the Soviet network, with top-level scientists and patriotic incentives, fail while the American network succeeded? In How Not to Network a Nation, Benjamin Peters reverses the usual cold war dualities and argues that the American ARPANET took shape thanks to well-managed state subsidies and collaborative research environments and the Soviet network projects stumbled because of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions, bureaucrats, and others. The capitalists behaved like socialists while the socialists behaved like capitalists. After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a “unified information network.” Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS—its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world.

Network Nation

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Author : Richard R. John
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2010-05-21

Network Nation written by Richard R. John and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-21 with Business & Economics categories.

Making a neighborhood of a nation -- Professor Morse's lightning -- Antimonopoly -- The new postalic dispensation -- Rich man's mail -- The talking telegraph -- Telephomania -- Second nature -- Gray wolves -- Universal service -- One great medium?

Your Computer Is On Fire

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Author : Thomas S. Mullaney
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-03-09

Your Computer Is On Fire written by Thomas S. Mullaney and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-09 with Computers categories.

Techno-utopianism is dead: Now is the time to pay attention to the inequality, marginalization, and biases woven into our technological systems. This book sounds an alarm: after decades of being lulled into complacency by narratives of technological utopianism and neutrality, people are waking up to the large-scale consequences of Silicon Valley-led technophilia. This book trains a spotlight on the inequality, marginalization, and biases in our technological systems, showing how they are not just minor bugs to be patched, but part and parcel of ideas that assume technology can fix--and control--society. Contributors Janet Abbate, Ben Allen, Paul N. Edwards, Nathan Ensmenger, Mar Hicks, Halcyon M. Lawrence, Thomas S. Mullaney, Safiya Umoja Noble, Benjamin Peters, Kavita Philip, Sarah T. Roberts, Sreela Sarkar, Corinna Schlombs, Andrea Stanton, Mitali Thakor, Noah Wardrip-Fruin

Internet For The People

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Author : Ben Tarnoff
language : en
Publisher: Verso Books
Release Date : 2022-06-14

Internet For The People written by Ben Tarnoff and has been published by Verso Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-14 with Political Science categories.

"For all the informational convenience the internet offers, it is deeply flawed. How can it be improved? Writer Ben Tarnoff proposes one possibility in this intriguing book, which urges the development of 'a public lane on the information superhighway.' It's worth checking out for yourself." – Seth MacFarlane Why is the internet so broken, and what could ever possibly fix it? In Internet for the People, leading tech writer Ben Tarnoff offers an answer. The internet is broken, he argues, because it is owned by private firms and run for profit. Google annihilates your privacy and Facebook amplifies right-wing propaganda because it is profitable to do so. But the internet wasn't always like this—it had to be remade for the purposes of profit maximization, through a years-long process of privatization that turned a small research network into a powerhouse of global capitalism. Tarnoff tells the story of the privatization that made the modern internet, and which set in motion the crises that consume it today. The solution to those crises is straightforward: deprivatize the internet. Deprivatization aims at creating an internet where people, and not profit, rule. It calls for shrinking the space of the market and diminishing the power of the profit motive. It calls for abolishing the walled gardens of Google, Facebook, and the other giants that dominate our digital lives and developing publicly and cooperatively owned alternatives that encode real democratic control. To build a better internet, we need to change how it is owned and organized. Not with an eye towards making markets work better, but towards making them less dominant. Not in order to create a more competitive or more rule-bound version of privatization, but to overturn it. Otherwise, a small number of executives and investors will continue to make choices on everyone’s behalf, and these choices will remain tightly bound by the demands of the market. It's time to demand an internet by, and for, the people now.

Nucleus And Nation

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Author : Robert S. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-05-15

Nucleus And Nation written by Robert S. Anderson and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-15 with Science categories.

In 1974 India joined the elite roster of nuclear world powers when it exploded its first nuclear bomb. But the technological progress that facilitated that feat was set in motion many decades before, as India sought both independence from the British and respect from the larger world. Over the course of the twentieth century, India metamorphosed from a marginal place to a serious hub of technological and scientific innovation. It is this tale of transformation that Robert S. Anderson recounts in Nucleus and Nation. Tracing the long institutional and individual preparations for India’s first nuclear test and its consequences, Anderson begins with the careers of India’s renowned scientists—Meghnad Saha, Shanti Bhatnagar, Homi Bhabha, and their patron Jawaharlal Nehru—in the first half of the twentieth century before focusing on the evolution of the large and complex scientific community—especially Vikram Sarabhi—in the later part of the era. By contextualizing Indian debates over nuclear power within the larger conversation about modernization and industrialization, Anderson hones in on the thorny issue of the integration of science into the framework and self-reliant ideals of Indian nationalism. In this way, Nucleus and Nation is more than a history of nuclear science and engineering and the Indian Atomic Energy Commission; it is a unique perspective on the history of Indian nationhood and the politics of its scientific community.

A Nation Among Nations

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Author : Thomas Bender
language : en
Publisher: Hill and Wang
Release Date : 2006-12-12

A Nation Among Nations written by Thomas Bender and has been published by Hill and Wang this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-12 with History categories.

A provocative book that shows us why we must put American history firmly in a global context–from 1492 to today. Immerse yourself in an insightful exploration of American history in A Nation Among Nations. This compelling book by renowned author Thomas Bender paints a different picture of the nation's history by placing it within the broader canvas of global events and developments. Events like the American Revolution, the Civil War, and subsequent imperialism are examined in a new light, revealing fundamental correlations with simultaneous global rebellions, national redefinitions, and competitive imperial ambitions. Intricacies of industrialization, urbanization, laissez-faire economics, capitalism, socialism, and technological advancements become globally interconnected phenomena, altering the solitary perception of these being unique American experiences. A Nation Among Nations isn’t just a history book–it's a thought-provoking journey that transcends geographical boundaries, encouraging us to delve deeper into the globally intertwined series of events that spun the American historical narrative.

Digital Nation

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Author : Anthony G. Wilhelm
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2006-02-17

Digital Nation written by Anthony G. Wilhelm and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-17 with Social Science categories.

The long-term social benefits of building an inclusive information society: a national action plan. As our social institutions migrate into cyberspace, the digitally disenfranchised face increasing hardships. What happens when—in search of quick and cheap fixes—a government office shuts down and is replaced by a public Web site? What happens when a company accepts only online job applications? Inevitably, those most in need of the services and opportunities offered are further marginalized. In Digital Nation, Tony Wilhelm shows us how to build a more inclusive information society, offering a plan that reaps the benefits offered by the new technology while avoiding the pitfalls of social exclusion. Technology, he tells us, isn't the problem—it's the use of technology that can empower or control, unite or divide; we need to recover the ideas of social justice and fairness that have been lost in the rush to make things faster and cheaper. In Wilhelm's vision of an inclusive digital nation, everyone can take advantage of the new technology. With everyone part of the information society, we can revolutionize the way we educate our citizens, deliver healthcare, and engage in productive work. The result will be increased efficiency and productivity that will lead to long-term savings of billions of dollars and an enhanced quality of life as technology expands choice and opportunity. We can begin to bring this about by expanding access to computers and making it easier to acquire digital literacy skills. To do nothing—to turn a blind eye to the promise of an inclusive technology—would cost us socially and economically. Digital Nation's call for action sets the terms for a new debate on bridging the digital divide.

Every Nation For Itself

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Author : Ian Bremmer
language : en
Publisher: Penguin Group
Release Date : 2013

Every Nation For Itself written by Ian Bremmer and has been published by Penguin Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.

This title presents a G-Zero - n. A world order in which no single country or durable alliance of countries can meet the challenges of global leadership. Come to the worst - a rogue nuclear state, a pandemic, complete financial meltdown - where would the world look for leadership? A generation ago Europe, the US and Japan were the world's powerhouses; the free-market democracies that propelled the global economy. Today they struggle just to stay on their feet, and there appears to be nobody to step into their shoes. Acclaimed geopolitical analyst Ian Bremmer argues that the world is facing a leadership vacuum: our need for cooperation has never been greater, but the G20 members are poised for uncertainty and open conflict. Yet all is not lost. Bremmer shows where positive sources of power can still be found, and how they can be excercised for the common good.

Shame Nation

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Author : Sue Scheff
language : en
Publisher: Sourcebooks, Inc.
Release Date : 2017-10-03

Shame Nation written by Sue Scheff and has been published by Sourcebooks, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-03 with Social Science categories.

Foreword by Monica Lewinsky and as seen on Dr. Oz "Smart. Timely. Essential. The era's must-read to renew Internet civility."—Michele Borba ED.D, author of Unselfie An essential toolkit to help everyone — from parents to teenagers to educators—take charge of their digital lives. Online shame comes in many forms, and it's surprising how much of an effect a simple tweet might have on your business, love life, or school peers. A rogue tweet might bring down a CEO; an army of trolls can run an individual off-line; and virtual harassment might cause real psychological damage. In Shame Nation, parent advocate and internet safety expert Sue Scheff presents an eye-opening examination around the rise in online shaming, and offers practical advice and tips including: Preventing digital disasters Defending your online reputation Building digital resilience Reclaiming online civility Armed with the right knowledge and skills, everyone can play a positive part in the prevention and protection against online cruelty, and become more courageous and empathetic in their communities. "Shame Nation holds that elusive key to stopping the trend of online hate so kindness and compassion can prevail." — Rachel Macy Stafford, New York Times bestselling author of Hands Free Mama, Hands Free Life, and Only Love Today "Scheff offers the latest insight as to why people publicly shame each other and will equip readers with the tools to protect themselves from what has now become the new Scarlet Letter." — Ross Ellis, Founder and CEO, STOMP Out Bullying

No Direction Home

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Author : Natasha Zaretsky
language : en
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
Release Date : 2007

No Direction Home written by Natasha Zaretsky and has been published by Univ of North Carolina Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with History categories.

Homeward unbound : prisoners of war, national defeat, and the crisis of male authority -- Getting the house in order : the oil embargo, consumption, and the limits of American power -- "The great male cop-out" : productivity lag and the end of the family wage -- The spirit of '76 : the Bicentennial and Cold War revivalism -- The world as a mirror : narcissism, ("malaise," and the middle-class family) -- The familial roots of republican domination.